Objective To evaluate the occupational health literacy (OHL) level and its influencing factors among individuals of six key industries from Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City. Methods A total of 2 022 frontline workers from six key industries in the Jiulongpo District of Chongqing City were selected as the research subjects using a cluster sampling method. The OHL level of the workers were assessed using the Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations. Results The overall OHL level among the 2 022 frontline workers was 51.43%. The OHL level in the four dimensions of basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy work practices and behaviors, legal knowledge of occupational health, and basic skills of occupational health protection were 81.45%, 56.08%, 43.42%, and 37.59%, respectively. The OHL levels of the six key industries from high to low were electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, healthcare, education, express delivery/food delivery, transportation, and environmental hygiene, accounted for 91.43%, 61.98%, 52.64%, 40.58%, 36.70% and 31.15% (P<0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that population of Han had higher OHL level than ethnic minorities (P<0.01), married individuals had lower OHL level than unmarried individuals (P<0.05), individuals with college education or above had higher OHL level than those with junior high school education or below (P<0.01), and higher personal monthly income was associated with higher OHL levels (all P<0.05). The OHL levels of workers of environmental hygiene, transportation, education, express delivery/food delivery, and healthcare were lower than those in electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing (all P<0.01). Conclusion The OHL level among occupational populations in the six key industries in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City, needs to be further improved. And the OHL monitoring and intervention should be focused on the occupational population of express delivery/food delivery industry, transportation, environmental hygiene, and occupational population with low income, low educated, and ethnic minorities.

With the emergence of deep learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks, artificial intelligence (AI) has driven transformative developments in the field of medical image analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have also started to achieve distinction in this domain. Increasing research shows the undeniable role of AI in reshaping various aspects of medical image analysis, including processes such as image enhancement, segmentation, detection in image preprocessing, and postprocessing related to medical diagnosis and prognosis in clinical settings. However, despite the significant progress in AI research, studies investigating the recent advances in AI technology in the aforementioned aspects, the changes in research hotspot trajectories, and the performance of studies in addressing key clinical challenges in this field are limited. This article provides an overview of recent advances in AI for medical image analysis and discusses the methodological profiles, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of AI technologies.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Deep Learning ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods*

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of three kinds of endoscopic minimally invasive treatment of internal hemorrhoids.Methods The clinical data of 222 patients with internal hemorrhoids who underwent endoscopic treatment in Shangyu People's Hospital of Shaoxing from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the treatment method,the patients were divided into simple sclerotherapy group(40 cases),simple ligation group(114 cases)and combined group(68 cases).The perioperative indexes,postoperative adverse events,effective rate and satisfaction of three groups were compared.Results There was significant difference in operation time among three groups(P＜0.05),and the operation time of simple ligation group was the shortest.There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay among three groups(P＞0.05).The incidences of anal distention,postoperative pain and dysuria in simple ligation group and combined group were significantly higher than those in simple sclerotherapy group(P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative bleeding in simple ligation group was significantly higher than that in simple sclerotherapy group and combined group(P＜0.05).There was significant difference in treatment effectiveness among three groups(P＜0.05),and combined treatment had the best effect.The satisfaction of three groups was higher,and the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion The three endoscopic minimally invasive treatment methods for internal hemorrhoids are safe and effective.Ligation combined with sclerotherapy can effectively improve symptoms,and the postoperative delayed bleeding are low,which is a safe and efficient treatment method.

Although the fees for the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AS addition) were newly established in the 2018 revision of medical fees, more detailed activities and issues of pharmacists at facilities calculating AS addition have not been clarified so far. Therefore, to understand the current status of AS activities and problems, we conducted a questionnaire survey of facilities that calculate the additional fee for infection prevention measures 1 and investigated whether there are differences in AS activities between facilities where pharmacists are full-time employees and facilities where non-pharmacists are full-time employees. The results showed that the number of antimicrobial agents used by full-time pharmacists was larger than that by non-pharmacists. In addition, the frequency of AS was lower for non-full-time workers than for full-time workers, with most full-time workers performing AS every day, while non-full-time workers performing AS two to three days a week. In addition, non-full-time workers lacked human resources and work time, and did not have sufficient work materials. The survey revealed that AS activities’ current status and problems differ between full-time and non-full-time employees.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified Guipi Decoction combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) with failure of the spleen to control blood vessels syndrome.Methods:Prospective cohort study. A total of 120 patients from January 2018 to December 2021 Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine with ANVUGIB of failure of the spleen to control blood vessels syndrome were selected, and the patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with a large dosage of proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole injection was injected intravenously first, and then omeprazole enteric coated tablets were taken); the observation group took Guipi Decoction on the basis of the control group, and both groups were treated for 7 days. TCM syndrome score, Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) levels were measured by colorimetry before and after the treatment. BUN was detected by urease glutamate dehydrogenase method. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) levels were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The adverse reactions during treatment were recorded and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:Two patients in the observation group and two patients in the control group dropped out of the study. After treatment, the scores of main symptoms, secondary symptoms and total scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t values were respectively 10.73, 4.45, 7.98, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of HCT [(41.25 ± 5.03)% vs. (38.19 ± 5.26)%, t=2.95], Hb [(81.09 ± 5.23) g/L vs. (78.39 ± 5.37) g/L, t=2.74] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and BUN [(4.38±0.96) mmol/L vs. (5.39 ± 1.13) mmol/L, t=5.19] was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.01); PT [(12.48 ± 0.67) s vs. (13.22 ± 0.73) s, t=5.69], APTT [(24.66 ± 2.29) s vs. (27.78 ± 2.04) s, t=7.75] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and FIB [(3.68 ± 0.62) g/L vs. (3.41 ± 0.74) g/L, t=2.13] level was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.1% (54/58), and that of the control group was 79.3% (46/58), with statistical significance ( χ2=4.64, P=0.031). During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 3.4% (2/58), while that in the observation group was 1.7% (1/58), without statistical significance ( χ2=0.34, P=0.559). Conclusion:High-dosage omeprazole treatment with the addition of internal administration of Guipi Decoction can significantly improve coagulation function, correct the signs and symptoms associated with insufficient blood volume in the body circulation, improve hemostatic efficiency, and reduce the risk of bleeding in patients with ANVUGIB, without increasing the risk of patient safety with the drug.

A retrospective case series was used to evaluate the effect of plasmatrix bone blocks on bone augmentation at the level of the alveolar ridge. From January 2021 to April 2022, a total of 25 patients who underwent horizontal alveolar ridge level bone augmentation in the Department of Implantology, Wuhan Dazhong Stomatological Hospital were included. Autologous bone chips, deproteinized bovine bone matrix and plasma matrix were used to make plasma matrix bone blocks, combined with absorbable collagen membrane and plasma matrix membrane for guided bone regeneration. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on the cone beam CT data before operation and 6 months after operation, and the bone width and alveolar bone volume at 2 and 8 mm from the alveolar crest were measured. The paired t test was used to compare the differences between two time points of the same measurement item. The results showed that compared with preoperative [(5.5±3.4) mm] bone width, the bone width [(9.5±2.5) mm] at 2 mm from the alveolar crest was significantly increased at 6 months after operation ( t=3.40, P?0.001); there was no significant difference in the bone width at the level of 8 mm from the alveolar crest between pre-and 6 months post-operation ( t=3.13, P=0.050). The volumes of alveolar bone at 2 and 8 mm from the alveolar crest were (5 114±3 883) and (3 329±2 874) mm 3 before operation, respectively, and these increased significantly to (5 999±4 318) and (4 042±3 260) mm 3 ( t=5.69, P?0.001; t=5.689, P?0.001) 6 month post-operation. The results from this study has shown that the use of plasmatrix bone blocks+absorbable collagen membrane+plasma matrix membrane for horizontal bone augmentation in guided bone regeneration has a promising bone augmentation outcome.

Objective:To analyze the etiological composition and changing trends in chronic kidney disease.Methods:CKD patients from our hospital were in cluded in the study from three separate periods, 173 patients from 1990-1991, 956 patients from 2009-2010, and 1440 patients from 2018-2019. The etiology of CKD in patients between the younger and middle-aged group and the elderly group were compared using the χ2 test, and the Bonferroni method was used to correct the pairwise comparisons.Results:The leading cause of CKD in 1990-1991, 2009-2010, and 2018-2019 was chronic glomerulonephritis (52%), chronic glomerulonephritis (35%), and diabetes (36%), respectively. The distribution of the etiologies was different signficantly among the three cohorts (χ2=74.375, P<0.001). Compared with 1990-1991, the percentage of CKD related to diabetes (χ2=14.847, P=0.001) and hypertension (χ2=12.279, P=0.002) significantly increased, while chronic glomerulonephritis showed a downward trend (χ2=19.976, P<0.001). Among the elderly CKD patients, the leading cause of CKD in the three cohorts was chronic glomerulonephritis (34%), diabetes (40%), and diabetes (43%), respectively. Conversely, diabetes and hypertension have become the predominant causes in 2009-2010 and 2018-2019. Although chronic glomerulonephritis remained the leading cause of CKD in the past 30 years, the percentage declined gradually among the younger and middle-aged patients with CKD. The percentage of CKD related to diabetes (χ2=31.345, P<0.001) and hypertension (χ2=15.485, P<0.001) significantly increased. In addition, in the 2018-2019 cohort, there were 494 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the percentage of ESRD related to diabetes and hypertension were 48% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion:Diabetes and hypertension have become the predominant causes of CKD in Chinese elderly patients. Although chronic glomerulonephritis was the leading cause among the younger and middle-aged patients with CKD, the percentage declined gradually. Additionally, diabetes and hypertension were also the predominant causes of ESRD.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (G9a) and sodium-dependent activation of potassium channel (Slack) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods:Forty-eight clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 1 month, weighing 100-120 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), vector plus sham operation group (VS group), vector plus NP group (VN group), and G9a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout plus NP group (GN group). Sham operation was performed at the age of 2 months in group S. In group VS, AAV5 1 μl was microinjected into L 4 and L 5 DRG at the age of 1 month, and sham operation was performed at the age of 2 months.In VN group and GN group, AAV5 and G9a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout plasmid 1 μl were microinjected into L 4 and L 5 DRG at the age of 1 month, and NP model was established by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) at the age of 2 months.Six rats in each group were selected to measure the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) before microinjection (T 0), before SNL (T 1), and at 3, 5 and 7 days after SNL (T 2-4). The animals were sacrificed after the last behavioral testing, the DRGs of lumbar segment (L 4, 5) were removed for determination of the expression of G9a, dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9(H3K9me2) and Slack (by Western blot). At 7 days after establishing the model, 6 rats from each group were selected to culture the primary DRG neurons.The frequency and amplitude of Slack current in DRG neurons and miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in the spinal dorsal horn were measured by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results:Compared with group S, the TWL was significantly shortened and the MWT was decreased at T 2-4, the expression of G9a and H3K9me2 in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated, the expression of Slack was down-regulated, the amplitude and frequency of Slack currents in DRG neurons were decreased, and the frequency of mEPSCs was increased in group VN ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group VS ( P>0.05). Compared with group VN, the TWL was significantly prolonged and the MWT was increased at T 2-4, the expression of G9a and H3K9me2 in the spinal dorsal horn was down-regulated, the expression of Slack was up-regulated, the amplitude and frequency of Slack currents in DRG neurons were increased, and the frequency of mEPSCs was decreased in group GN ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism of NP is related to up-regulating the expression of G9a in DRG, thus inhibiting the expression and opening of Slack channels in rats.