Purpose To investigate the expression of semaphorin 5 A(SEMA5A)and programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)and their clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer.Methods Clinical data of 41 cases of gastric cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissues were collected.Immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR were used to de-tect the expression levels of SEMA5A and PD-L1,and analysed the correlation between SEMA5A and PD-L1 and clini-copathological features.In addition,we used lentivirus to construct SEMA5A stable low-expression cell lines.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to analyse the correlation between the expression of SEMA5A and PD-L1 in gastric cancer tissues.Results The high expression rate of SEMA5A was 65.9％(27/41)in gastric cancer tissues and 39.0％(16/41)in paracancerous tissues,respectively.The positive rates of PD-L1 were 58.5％(24/41)and 14.6％(6/41),respectively.RT-qPCR showed that the relative expression levels of SEMA5A mRNA in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues were 1.30±0.50 and 0.81±0.48,respectively,while the relative expression levels of PD-L1 mRNA were 0.70±0.42 and 0.12±0.09,respectively.SEMA5A expression was correlated with histological typ-ing of gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).PD-L1 expression was correlated with tumour size,T stage,and pathological stage of gastric cancer(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the expression of SEMA5A and PD-L1 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues,and spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the expression of the two in paracancerous tissues.Knockdown of SE-MA5A gene in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines resulted in down-regulation of PD-L1 expression.Conclusion Both SEMA5A and PD-L1 are highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues,and there is a correlation between the ex-pressions of SEMA5A and PD-L1.They can serve as potential molecular markers for prognostic evaluation and combi-nation therapy of gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenetic characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in trauma patients.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 103 trauma patients with nosocomial infection admitted to the 926th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA from January 2021 to December 2023, including 84 males and 19 females aged 12-80 years [50(39, 59)years]. The patients were divided into MDRO infection group ( n=36) and non-MDRO infection group ( n=67) according to whether nosocomial MDRO infection occurred. The pathogenetic characteristics of MDRO infection were observed. Univariate analysis was used to compare the two groups in terms of their demographic characteristics (gender, age), comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus), injuries [multiple injuries, open injuries, injury severity score (ISS)], laboratory indicators (hemoglobin, leukocytes) on admission, and other treatment data (emergency admission to the healthcare facility, transferal, length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection, number of surgeries before diagnosis of infection, blood transfusion before diagnosis of infection, tracheotomy/tracheal intubation before diagnosis of infection). Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors for nosocomial MDRO infection in trauma patients. Results:A total of 52 MDRO strains were detected, including 17 Gram-positive (33%) and 35 Gram-negative (67%) ones, with the top 5 strains being Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. The specimen source with the most detected MDRO strains was wound/incision secretion, followed by sputum. The results of the univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in ISS and hemoglobin on admission between two groups ( P<0.05); however, no statistically significant differences were observed in gender, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, multiple injuries, open injuries, leukocytes on admission, emergency admission to the healthcare facility, transferal, length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection, number of surgeries before diagnosis of infection, blood transfusion before diagnosis of infection, or tracheotomy/tracheal intubation before diagnosis of infection ( P>0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender ( OR=5.01, 95% CI 1.09, 23.08, P<0.05), age ( OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.07, P<0.05), multiple injuries ( OR=5.28, 95% CI 1.04, 26.87, P<0.05), hemoglobin on admission ( OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.99, P<0.05), and length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection ( OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01, 1.11, P<0.05) were significantly associated with the occurrence of nosocomial MDRO infection in trauma patients. Conclusions:In trauma patients, nosocomial MDRO infection pathogens were predominantly Gram-negative and the top five strains are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Male gender, age, multiple injuries, hemoglobin on admission and length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection are independent risk factors for the occurrence of nosocomial MDRO infection in trauma patients.

Purpose To investigate the expression of semaphorin 5 A(SEMA5A)and programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)and their clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer.Methods Clinical data of 41 cases of gastric cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissues were collected.Immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR were used to de-tect the expression levels of SEMA5A and PD-L1,and analysed the correlation between SEMA5A and PD-L1 and clini-copathological features.In addition,we used lentivirus to construct SEMA5A stable low-expression cell lines.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to analyse the correlation between the expression of SEMA5A and PD-L1 in gastric cancer tissues.Results The high expression rate of SEMA5A was 65.9％(27/41)in gastric cancer tissues and 39.0％(16/41)in paracancerous tissues,respectively.The positive rates of PD-L1 were 58.5％(24/41)and 14.6％(6/41),respectively.RT-qPCR showed that the relative expression levels of SEMA5A mRNA in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues were 1.30±0.50 and 0.81±0.48,respectively,while the relative expression levels of PD-L1 mRNA were 0.70±0.42 and 0.12±0.09,respectively.SEMA5A expression was correlated with histological typ-ing of gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).PD-L1 expression was correlated with tumour size,T stage,and pathological stage of gastric cancer(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the expression of SEMA5A and PD-L1 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues,and spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the expression of the two in paracancerous tissues.Knockdown of SE-MA5A gene in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines resulted in down-regulation of PD-L1 expression.Conclusion Both SEMA5A and PD-L1 are highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues,and there is a correlation between the ex-pressions of SEMA5A and PD-L1.They can serve as potential molecular markers for prognostic evaluation and combi-nation therapy of gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenetic characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in trauma patients.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 103 trauma patients with nosocomial infection admitted to the 926th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA from January 2021 to December 2023, including 84 males and 19 females aged 12-80 years [50(39, 59)years]. The patients were divided into MDRO infection group ( n=36) and non-MDRO infection group ( n=67) according to whether nosocomial MDRO infection occurred. The pathogenetic characteristics of MDRO infection were observed. Univariate analysis was used to compare the two groups in terms of their demographic characteristics (gender, age), comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus), injuries [multiple injuries, open injuries, injury severity score (ISS)], laboratory indicators (hemoglobin, leukocytes) on admission, and other treatment data (emergency admission to the healthcare facility, transferal, length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection, number of surgeries before diagnosis of infection, blood transfusion before diagnosis of infection, tracheotomy/tracheal intubation before diagnosis of infection). Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors for nosocomial MDRO infection in trauma patients. Results:A total of 52 MDRO strains were detected, including 17 Gram-positive (33%) and 35 Gram-negative (67%) ones, with the top 5 strains being Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. The specimen source with the most detected MDRO strains was wound/incision secretion, followed by sputum. The results of the univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in ISS and hemoglobin on admission between two groups ( P<0.05); however, no statistically significant differences were observed in gender, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, multiple injuries, open injuries, leukocytes on admission, emergency admission to the healthcare facility, transferal, length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection, number of surgeries before diagnosis of infection, blood transfusion before diagnosis of infection, or tracheotomy/tracheal intubation before diagnosis of infection ( P>0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender ( OR=5.01, 95% CI 1.09, 23.08, P<0.05), age ( OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.07, P<0.05), multiple injuries ( OR=5.28, 95% CI 1.04, 26.87, P<0.05), hemoglobin on admission ( OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.99, P<0.05), and length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection ( OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01, 1.11, P<0.05) were significantly associated with the occurrence of nosocomial MDRO infection in trauma patients. Conclusions:In trauma patients, nosocomial MDRO infection pathogens were predominantly Gram-negative and the top five strains are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Male gender, age, multiple injuries, hemoglobin on admission and length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection are independent risk factors for the occurrence of nosocomial MDRO infection in trauma patients.

Objective: To review the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of transfusion medicine. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Clarivate Web of Science Database from inception to December 2024 for literature related to AI and transfusion. A total of 4 775 publications were identified. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 133 original studies were ultimately included and analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: Research on AI in transfusion has surged since 2020 (accounting for 77% of all publications), with China ranking second globally in publication volume. Among the included studies, 69.2% focused on predicting individual transfusion needs, followed by inventory management (8.3%), diagnosis and prediction of adverse transfusion reactions (6.0%), factors influencing transfusion outcomes (5.3%), blood group identification (5.3%), blood quality testing (4.5%), and precise blood volume measurement (1.5%). Additionally, 4.5% of the studies were published in journals with an impact factor greater than 10; 19.5% developed software or applications; 31.5% were multi-center studies; 48.1% utilized decision tree methods, while 31.5% employed neural network approaches; and 14.2% conducted external validation of the algorithms. Conclusion: AI demonstrates significant potential in transfusion risk prediction, decision support, and blood management. However, challenges remain, including limited model generalizability, insufficient algorithm interpretability, and barriers to clinical translation. The deep integration of AI with transfusion medicine will accelerate the advent of precision transfusion era, maximizing blood resource utilization, reducing waste, and ensuring transfusion safety.

Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host’s immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.

Objective:To investigate the value of digital medical 3D technology versus traditional 2D technology in the diagnosis and treatment of solid abdominal tumors in children. Methods:A total of 80 children with solid abdominal tumors who received surgical treatment guided by digital medical 3D technology at Guigang People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were included in the observation group. An additional 80 children with solid abdominal tumors who received surgical treatment guided by traditional 2D technology at the same hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were included in the control group. Clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results:The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay in the observation group were (111.8 ± 28.9) minutes, (26.8 ± 25.2) mL, (2.2 ± 1.2) days, (7.5 ± 1.4) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter or less than those in the control group [(193.1 ± 66.0) minutes, (86.2 ± 47.0) mL, (3.7 ± 0.9) days, (12.2 ± 3.5) days, t = 7.00, 6.88, 5.87, 7.53, all P < 0.05]. The complete surgical resection rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [92.5% (74/80) vs. 81.3% (65/80), χ2 = 4.44, P < 0.05]. The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [6.3% (5/80) vs. 16.3% (13/80), χ2 = 4.00, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The utilization of digital medical 3D technology in the surgical treatment of solid abdominal tumors in children can markedly decrease surgical time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, promote postoperative recovery, achieve a high surgical resection rate, and minimize postoperative complications.

The interaction of gut microbiota and its metabolites with the host not only plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis and host health, but also is a key link in responding to pathogen infections. A thorough understanding of the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites during infection, as well as their role and mechanism in host defense against infection, is helpful to guide anti-infection treatment. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in host defense against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, and reveals that they can exert anti-infection effects through resistance mechanisms (inducing antimicrobial substances, training immunity, inhibiting pathogen respiration, directly neutralizing pathogens, immune regulation) and tolerance mechanisms (altering energy metabolism patterns of microbiota, cell proliferation and tissue damage repair, maintaining physiological signal transduction in extraintestinal organs, inflammation regulation, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier), and also summarizes measures to regulate gut microbiota against pathogen infections, in order to provide more ideas for novel anti-infection prevention and treatment strategies targeting gut microbiota and its metabolites.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of HIV testing and related factors among young students who had sex in Guangdong Province, in order to provide evidence for relevant education programs and HIV testing promotion in young students. Methods: From September to December 2022, a convenient sampling method was used to select 48 749 young students from 16 universities and mechanic colleges in 6 cities including Guangzhou, Shantou, Maoming, Huizhou, Dongguan, and Zhongshan in Guangdong Province for online questionnaire survey. A total of 2 971 students who ever had sexual experiences were screened out, and the HIV testing situation and related factors were investigated by using the questionnaire designed by AIDS Prevention and Education Project for College Students of China STD and AIDS Prevention Association.The influencing factors of HIV testing were analyzed using Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: Among students who had sexual experiences, 11.92% (354/2 971) were tested for HIV. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that among young sexual students, using psychoactive substances during sexual activity in the last 1 year ( OR =7.70), having first sex with the same sex ( OR =3.87), having commercial sex ( OR =2.37), having heard of PEP ( OR =2.20), having a high level of self assessed understanding of HIV testing ( OR =1.73), inconsistent use of condoms ( OR =1.56), being aware of HIV infection ( OR =1.53), being aware of HIV knowledge ( OR =1.51) were more likely to test for HIV, and females ( OR =0.39) were less likely to test for HIV ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The proportion of HIV testing is low among sexually active young students in Guangdong Province. Targeted interventions should be tailored to promote HIV testing coverage.

OBJECTIVE Aims to investigate the expression changes of immunoregulatory cytokines in peripheral blood and local lesions of patients with juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis(JORRP),and analyze their correlation with the severity of JORRP.METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from JORRP patients,along with peripheral blood samples from healthy children matched for gender and age as the control group.Papillomas of JORRP patients were collected,and the epithelial tissue from the palatine tonsils of patients undergoing tonsillectomy served as a control.ELISA was used to detect cytokine concentrations in plasma samples.The tissue samples were detected by mRNAseq and verified by RT-PCR.Furthermore,the correlation between cytokine expression levels and disease severity was analyzed.RESULTS The concentration of interleukin-10(IL-10)in the plasma of JORRP patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group(P<0.05),and it was negatively correlated with the age of onset(r=-0.3307,P<0.05).At the level of mRNA,the relative quantity of IL-10 in papillomas was significantly higher in the aggressive group compared to the non-aggressive group(P>0.05).Additionally,the concentration of TGF-β in plasma of JORRP patients was positively correlated with the number of surgeries(r=0.5144,P<0.05),and the concentration of TGF-β in the aggressive group was significantly higher than that in the non-aggressive group(P<0.05).The TGF-β mRNA expression level was significantly higher in the papillomas of JORRP patients compared to the control(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Inhibitory immunoregulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β are overexpressed in JORRP patients and positively correlated with disease severity.