Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19

Based on the characteristics of medical imaging specialty, this paper introduces in detail several features of standardized residency training in the Department of Radiology in our hospital, from the aspects of teaching purpose, preliminary preparation and specific implementation, namely, the morning reading and analysis of difficult cases, the analysis of postoperative cases and missed diagnosis cases, and the teaching reading. At the same time, it also deeply analyzes the advantages, existing problems and solutions of this teaching practice. In order to provide reference for improving the teaching quality of the standardized residency training in the Department of Radiology.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of lateral thoracic artery perforator flap in repairing local defect after breast conserving surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 48 breast cancer patients planned to finish breast conserving surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into plastic breast-conserving group and routine breast conserving group. In the plastic breast-conserving group, 24 patients local defect repaired with the lateral thoracic artery perforator flap. In the routine breast conserving group, 24 patients local defect repaired with the fascial flap around the cutting edge. The operation related indexes and cosmetic effect from two groups were compared.Results:Both groups of patients successfully completed breast conserving surgery. The plastic breast-conserving group patients had significantly increased in operation time, operative blood loss, incision length and drainage tube indwelling time compared with the routine breast conserving group; the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.99, 9.37, 21.74, 8.80, P<0.05). The rate of secondary surgery enlarged was lower than fhat in the routine breast conserving group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=4.76, P<0.05). There were 3 cases in the plastic breast conserving group and 1 case in the conventional breast conserving group. The skin at the edge of the flap was ischemic necrosis in the 4 cases, which healed after dressing change and drainage, and there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). The evaluation of postoperative cosmetic effect showed that the excellent and good rate of the observation group was 91.7%, compared with the routine breast conserving group (58.3%); the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.11, P<0.05). All patients were followed up for average 24 months, and local recurrence and distant metastasis were not observed. Conclusions:The lateral thoracic artery perforator flap for filling local defects in the lateral quadrant or central region of breast cancer is feasible, easy to operate, hides incision scar, better cosmetic effect and worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the simultaneous innervated "Bi-system bone flap" on preventing postoperative spontaneous resorption of the bone grafts and recovering lip sensation after reconstructing mandibular defects.Methods:Patients with segmental mandibular defects from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital were prospectively selected. Following the screening, they were randomly divided into an innervated group and a control group according to the random number table. When the free vascularized iliac bone flap was used to repair the mandibular defect, the ilioinguinal nerve was chosen to innervate a composite tissue flap containing one pedicle (deep circumflex iliac artery), double islands (an internal oblique muscle flap and an iliac bone flap) and one nerve (ilioinguinal nerve). We anastomosed the ilioinguinal nerve with the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental nerve in the innervated group. In the control group, no nerve was involved in the composite tissue flap which contained one pedicle (deep circumflex iliac artery) and double islands (internal oblique muscle flap and iliac bone flap). CT value(Hu) decrease rate, width and height of iliac bone flap 6 months after the operation were used to evaluate the postoperative resorption. The algesia examination, two-point discrimination test and current perception threshold (CPT) test of sensory nerves were used to evaluate the recovery of the lower lip sensation. P value less than 0.05 in independent-samples t test meant the statistically significant difference. Results:Eight patients between 17-38 years old were included with an averaged age of 29.5 years, and the range of mandibular defects was 5-9 cm. There were 4 cases in the innervated group and 4 cases in the control group. All the iliac bone flaps survived. The appearance was satisfactory, and no severe complications were found in the donor and recipient sites. In six-month follow-up, the CT value decrease rate of the bone grafts was (3.13±1.21)% in the innervated group, less than that (20.32±5.23)% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-6.401, P=0.006). Few changes of width and height of the bone grafts were found 6 months after surgery in both groups, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The sensation of the lower lip in the operation area was recovered in the innervated group to some extent, and no obvious pain was showed in the control group. In the two-point discrimination test, it was more than 20 mm in the affected side of the control group, while it was less than 20mm in the innervated group. In the healthy side of the two groups, it was less than 14 mm. The results of the quantitative sensory examination in affected lower lip by CPT test showed that two cases in the innervated group were mild sensory dysfunction, one slight sensory dysfunction and one moderate sensory dysfunction, while all cases in the innervated group were severe sensory dysfunction. The sensory dysfunction of the healthy side was milder than that of the affected side. Conclusions:The innervated "Bi-system" DCIA flap can prevent postoperative osteoporosis of the bone grafts and recover the sensation of the lower lip following mandibular reconstruction, improving the quality of mandibular defect reconstruction.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the simultaneous innervated "Bi-system bone flap" on preventing postoperative spontaneous resorption of the bone grafts and recovering lip sensation after reconstructing mandibular defects.Methods:Patients with segmental mandibular defects from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital were prospectively selected. Following the screening, they were randomly divided into an innervated group and a control group according to the random number table. When the free vascularized iliac bone flap was used to repair the mandibular defect, the ilioinguinal nerve was chosen to innervate a composite tissue flap containing one pedicle (deep circumflex iliac artery), double islands (an internal oblique muscle flap and an iliac bone flap) and one nerve (ilioinguinal nerve). We anastomosed the ilioinguinal nerve with the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental nerve in the innervated group. In the control group, no nerve was involved in the composite tissue flap which contained one pedicle (deep circumflex iliac artery) and double islands (internal oblique muscle flap and iliac bone flap). CT value(Hu) decrease rate, width and height of iliac bone flap 6 months after the operation were used to evaluate the postoperative resorption. The algesia examination, two-point discrimination test and current perception threshold (CPT) test of sensory nerves were used to evaluate the recovery of the lower lip sensation. P value less than 0.05 in independent-samples t test meant the statistically significant difference. Results:Eight patients between 17-38 years old were included with an averaged age of 29.5 years, and the range of mandibular defects was 5-9 cm. There were 4 cases in the innervated group and 4 cases in the control group. All the iliac bone flaps survived. The appearance was satisfactory, and no severe complications were found in the donor and recipient sites. In six-month follow-up, the CT value decrease rate of the bone grafts was (3.13±1.21)% in the innervated group, less than that (20.32±5.23)% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-6.401, P=0.006). Few changes of width and height of the bone grafts were found 6 months after surgery in both groups, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The sensation of the lower lip in the operation area was recovered in the innervated group to some extent, and no obvious pain was showed in the control group. In the two-point discrimination test, it was more than 20 mm in the affected side of the control group, while it was less than 20mm in the innervated group. In the healthy side of the two groups, it was less than 14 mm. The results of the quantitative sensory examination in affected lower lip by CPT test showed that two cases in the innervated group were mild sensory dysfunction, one slight sensory dysfunction and one moderate sensory dysfunction, while all cases in the innervated group were severe sensory dysfunction. The sensory dysfunction of the healthy side was milder than that of the affected side. Conclusions:The innervated "Bi-system" DCIA flap can prevent postoperative osteoporosis of the bone grafts and recover the sensation of the lower lip following mandibular reconstruction, improving the quality of mandibular defect reconstruction.

The department of radiology, as one of the public platforms for standardized residency training, is very crucial to the training of high level clinicians and essential to improve quality of medical care. According to the present situation and existing problems of standardized residency training for the non-imaging professional residents in the department of radiology in China, combining with our practice, this article primarily explores the improvement of the rules and regulations, the specific arrangement of the rotation, daily and graduation examination forms, and training quality supervision, etc. We hope to improve the training quality of the non-imaging professional residents' rotation in the department of radiology and explore more suitable and effective medical educative strategies.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world. As of May 30, 2020, a total of 84 568 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been recorded in China, with a mortality rate of approximately 5.5%. Taizhou is a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang Province. A total of 146 cases were diagnosed in this epidemic, with a fatality rate of 0%. This condition is due to the establishment of an "Internet +" diagnosis and treatment model based on online medical application (APP), telemedicine, WeChat service, and consultation hotline in Taizhou. Taizhou led in opening the "COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Special Line" in China, which is conducive to pre-hospital screening, suppressing social panic, and clinical support. Hospitals also carried out related online lectures and popularization of science. We summarize Taizhou's COVID-19 prevention and control experience with telemedicine features, with a view to providing reference for the control of the epidemic at home and abroad.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Internet ; Pandemics ; prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral ; prevention & control ; Telemedicine ; organization & administration

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of pretreating with oral immunosuppressants alone for ABO-incompatible (ABOi) renal transplant recipients with an initial isoagglutinin titer <1: 8.Methods:From September 2014 to October 2019, 16 cases of ABOi renal transplantation pretreated with oral immunosuppressants alone and 32 cases of ABO-compatible (ABOc) renal transplantation were recruited for comparing the inter-group incidence of graft function, acute rejection, infection and recipient and allograft survival.Results:The 16 ABOi renal transplantations were AB-to-A(n=4), AB-to-B(n=3), A-to-B(n=1), B-to-A(n=4), A-to-O(n=2) and B-to-O(n=2). The initial isoagglutinin titer (IgM & IgG) and that on the date of transplantation were both ≤1∶8. The median follow-up period was 495(90-1696) days. One patient in ABOi group underwent allograft nephrectomy due to hyperacute rejection. The graft survival rates were 93.75%(15/16) and 100%(32/32) in ABOi and ABOc groups respectively. No recipient died. No significant inter-group difference existed in postoperative renal function after 6 months (serum creatinine μmol/L: 114.30±28.13 vs. 106.08±23.80, P=0.38; eGFR ml/min/1.73 m 2: 64.93±19.60 vs. 82.34±22.58, P=0.13). In ABOi group, there were 3 episodes of postoperative infection, 2 episodes of acute rejection within 2 weeks (including 1 episode of hyperacute rejection) and 1 episode of acute rejection after 2 weeks; 5 episodes of postoperative infection, no acute rejection within 2 weeks and 5 episodes of acute rejection after 2 weeks in ABOc group. No significant inter-group difference existed in the incidence of infection or rejection ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Using oral immunosuppressant alone is both safe and feasible for ABOi renal transplantation recipients with an initial isoagglutinin titer ≤1∶8. It may greatly simplify the pretreatment scheme for those with a low initial isoagglutinin titer and lower the incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 inhibitor on acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in mice.Methods In February 2018,thirty male BALB/c mice were divided into uninfected group (5 mice),fluconazole group (5 mice),ADP-ribosylation factor 6 inhibitor group (10 mice)(inhibitor group) and saline control group (10 mice)(control group) by random number table method.In fluconazole group,inhibitor group and control group,1 × 105 CFU of Candida albicans was injected via tail vein for modeling.The uninfected group was injected with equal volume of saline.After 3 hours,inhibitor group was injected with 1.032 mg ADP-ribosylation factor 6 inhibitor,and fluconazole group was injected with 51 μg fluconazole.The control group were injected with equal volume of saline as inhibitor group.After 24hours,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen were measured by kit method.The mice were clinically scored for sepsis severity according to signs and symptoms after treatment and histopathological changing of kidney tissue were observed and scored according to the damage area of renal cortical with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results The clinical scores,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen and pathological scores of uninfected group were 0,(0.98 ± 0.38) μmol/L,(9.77 ± 0.36) mmol/L,(0.88 ± 0.30),respectively.The fluconazole group were (0.80 ± 0.84),(1.09 ± 0.51) μmol/L,(9.64 ± 0.17) mmol/L,(1.22 ± 0.270),respectively.The inhibitor group were (2.80 ± 1.32),(1.43 ± 0.50) μmol/L,(12.05 ± 1.20) mmol/L,(2.04 ± 0.55),respectively).The control group were (5.20 ± 1.87),(2.96 ± 1.55) μmol/L,(13.94 ± 1.94) mmoL/L,(2.67±0.55).The difference was statistically significant between inhibitor group and the control group both (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ADP-ribosylation factor 6 inhibitor reduce acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in mice.

Objective To investigate whether the median(50%)effective effect-concentration(EC50)of propofol inducing loss of consciousness (LOC) varies. Methods 56 patients undergoing gastroscopy under general anaesthesia were enrolled on the study. Anaesthesia was conducted with a target-controlled infusion(TCI) of propofol. The initial target effect-site propofol concentration (Ceprop) was 5.00 μg/mL and was adjusted stepwise by 0.50μg/mL by an up-down sequential method to reach no-movement. Results Propofol EC50 to induce no-movement was higher in patients with anxiety than those without anxiety(6.46μg/mL vs. 5.75μg/mL,P<0.05). Conclusions During general anaesthesia ,patients with anxiety had a higher propofol EC50 for no-movement compared with those without anxiety. Differences in preoperative anxiety levels may reduce anaesthetic effects.