ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUC-MSC） with overexpression of the Numb gene in the treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis （CLF）. MethodsThe technique of lentiviral transfection was used to induce the overexpression of the Numb gene in hUC-MSC （hUC-MSC^Numb-OE）， and hUC-MSC transfected with empty vector （hUC-MSC^OE-EV） was used as negative control. Bile duct ligation （BDL） was performed to establish a rat model of CLF， and then the rats were randomly divided into BDL group， hUC-MSC group， hUC-MSC^OE-EV group， and hUC-MSC^Numb-OE group， while a sham-operation group was also established. The rats in the intervention groups were given a single splenic injection of the corresponding cells after BDL， and samples were collected at the end of week 4. Related indicators were measured， including serum biochemistry， liver histopathology， the content of hydroxyproline （Hyp） in the liver， hepatic stellate cell activation， ductular reaction， liver regeneration， and the expression levels of key molecules in the Numb-p53 signaling axis. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the BDL group， the hUC-MSC group and the hUC-MSC^OE-EV group had significant reductions in the levels of serum biochemical parameters （aspartate aminotransferase， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase， total bile acid， total bilirubin， and direct bilirubin）， liver fibrosis markers （the content of Hyp and the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin， tumor necrosis factor-α， and transforming growth factor-beta 1）， and ductular reaction markers （the expression levels of CK7 and CK19） （all P <0.05）， and compared with the hUC-MSC^OE-EV group， the hUC-MSC^Numb-OE group had significantly greater improvements in the above indicators （all P <0.05）. In addition， compared with the hUC-MSC^OE-EV group， the hUC-MSC^Numb-OE group had significant improvements in the expression levels of liver regeneration-related markers （albumin and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α） and the molecules associated with the Numb-p53 signaling axis （Numb， pNumb， Mdm2， and p53） （all P <0.05）. ConclusionOverexpression of the Numb gene can enhance the therapeutic effect of hUC-MSC on CLF， possibly by activating the Numb-PTB^L-p53-HNF4α axis， promoting the hepatic differentiation of hUC-MSCs and subsequently enhancing liver regeneration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the functional role and underlying molecular mechanisms of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase （FAH） in the progression of glioblastoma （GBM）. MethodsDifferential expression analysis was performed on the TCGA-GBM， GSE4290， and GSE116520 datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA） was used to identify key modules， and Cox regression and risk modeling were used to screen prognostic genes. Immune infiltration analysis of prognostic genes was carried out by using single-cell RNA sequencing panels. The clinical expression signature of FAH in GBM was analyzed in the TCGA and HPA databases. The functional role of FAH was validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments， and pathway analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. ResultsA total of 152 overlapping genes were identified across the three GBM datasets （P<0.05）. WGCNA revealed that the turquoise module was most strongly associated with tumor purity， stromal score， immune score， and ESTIMATE score （P<0.001）. Compared with normal tissues， three prognostic genes （CTSD， FAH， and THBD） were upregulated in GBM and correlated with immune infiltration （P<0.05）. FAH mRNA and protein levels were elevated in GBM tissues relative to normal tissues， and its expression was significantly associated with age stratification and TP53 mutation （P<0.05）. CCK-8 assay results showed that， compared with the shNC group， the proliferative activity of GBM cells in the shFAH group was reduced （P<0.001）. Transwell migration and invasion assays demonstrated that， relative to the shNC group， the numbers of migrated and invaded cells in the shFAH group decreased （P<0.05）. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression levels of PI3K， p-AKT， and p-mTOR in the shFAH group decreased compared with those in the shNC group （P<0.05）. In vivo subcutaneous xenograft experiments further confirmed that tumor volume and weight significantly decreased in the shFAH group compared with the shNC group （P<0.001）. ConclusionFAH promotes GBM progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.

Flexible conductive fibers have been widely applied in wearable flexible sensing. However, exposed wearable flexible sensors based on liquid metal (LM) are prone to abrasion and significant conductivity degradation. This study presented a high-sensitivity LM conductive fiber with integration of strain sensing, electrical heating, and thermochromic capabilities, which was fabricated by coating eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) onto spandex fibers modified with waterborne polyurethane (WPU), followed by thermal curing to form a protective polyurethane sheath. This fiber, designated as Spandex/WPU/EGaIn/Polyurethane (SWEP), exhibits a four-layer coaxial structure: spandex core, WPU modification layer, LM conductive layer, and polyurethane protective sheath. The SWEP fiber had a diameter of (458.3 ± 10.4) μm, linear density of (2.37 ± 0.15) g/m, and uniform EGaIn coating. The fiber had excellent conductivity with an average value of (3 716.9 ± 594.2) S/m. The strain sensing performance was particularly noteworthy. A 5 cm × 5 cm woven fabric was fabricated using polyester warp yarns and SWEP weft yarns. The fabric exhibited satisfactory moisture permeability [(536.06 ± 33.15) g/(m ²·h)] and maintained stable thermochromic performance after repeated heating cycles. This advanced conductive fiber development is expected to significantly promote LM applications in wearable electronics and smart textile systems.
Wearable Electronic Devices ; Polyurethanes/chemistry* ; Electric Conductivity ; Gallium/chemistry* ; Metals/chemistry*

Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction. Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure (MRUP), a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes: reconsolidation and extinction-alternatively termed "the memory retrieval-extinction procedure". This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate, if not erase, entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse. The present review delineates the applications, molecular underpinnings, and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence. Furthermore, we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP, postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy. In addition, we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction. Overall, existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP, suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.
Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology* ; Memory Consolidation/physiology* ; Animals ; Extinction, Psychological/physiology*

Objective: To develop and validate a health literacy assessment scale for junior high school students, providing an effective tool for evaluating and monitoring health literacy among Chinese adolescents. Methods: Based on school health education policy documents, a health literacy assessment framework was constructed, comprising five horizontal and four vertical dimensions. From May to June and August to September in 2024, the framework was refined through Delphi expert consultations and focus group discussions, leading to the development of the Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Junior High School Students. In September 2024, a convenience sample of 625 students from three junior high schools in Beijing and Tianjin completed the questionnaire. Item analysis, reliability, and validity tests were conducted to evaluate the scale. Results: The recovery rate for two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100%. The expert authority coefficients ( Cr ) were 0.86 and 0.87 respectively (both >0.70), with Kendall W values of 0.34 and 0.27 ( P <0.05). The focus group discussions followed a rigorous structure, and after multiple rounds of item screening and revision, the version 3.0 of the junior high school students health literacy assessment scale was developed, comprising 57 items. Three items that failed to meet the comprehensive screening criteria were preliminarily removed, and the final scale contained 54 items. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability, with an overall Cronbach s α coefficient of 0.92 and split half reliability of 0.93. Confirmatory factor analysis [ χ 2/df =2.094, root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA )=0.042, comparative fit index ( CFI )=0.911, Tucker Lewis index ( TLI )=0.907] indicated good model fit indices. Conclusions The preliminary development of the health literacy assessment scale for junior high school students follows a rigorous item screening process with well designed dimensions, demonstrating good reliability and validity, thus serving as an appropriate evaluation tool for adolescent health literacy.

Objective: To investigate the association between bedtime screen use and sleep health among fourth and fifthgrade primary school students, so as to provide evidence to support interventions for improving sleep quality. Methods: From April to June 2024, a survey was conducted among 4 232 fourth and fifthgrade students from nine primary schools in a district of Beijing. A selfdesigned questionnaire assessed bedtime screen use behavior and sleep health indicators. Generalized linear models and Logistic regression were used to analyze the associations. Results: Among the surveyed students, 28.3% reported bedtime screen use. Mean sleep duration every day was (9.31±0.90) hours on school days and (10.08±1.36) hours on weekends. Compared to nonusers, students with bedtime screen use exhibited every day: later bedtimes on school days (10.18 min delay, 95%CI=6.88-13.47) and weekends (22.09 min delay, 95%CI=17.33-26.85) (P<0.05); later weekend wake times (7.97 min delay, 95%CI=1.78-14.16, P<0.05); reduced sleep duration on school days (-9.82 min, 95%CI=-13.62 to -6.03) and weekends (-14.12 min, 95%CI=-20.24 to -8.00) (P<0.05); greater weekend-school day bedtime discrepancy (β=1.15, 95%CI=1.08-1.23, P<0.01). Additionally, they had lower odds of falling asleep within 20 minutes (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.54-0.72), daytime alertness (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.56-0.77), and subjective sleep satisfaction (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.49-0.66)(P<0.01). Conclusions Bedtime screen use is associated with adverse effects on multiple dimensions of sleep health in primary school students. Reducing screen exposure before bed may help improve their sleep quality.

Objective: To develop a health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese high school students, providing a tool for dynamic monitoring of health literacy among high school students and evaluating the effectiveness of health school construction. Methods: Through theoretical research, an evaluation index system for health literacy of Chinese high school students was constructed. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultations were conducted to quantitatively screen the items, and the item pool was revised based on expert opinions to compile the health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese students. Two focus group interviews were held to collect suggestions from health educators, high school teachers, and high school students regarding optimized scale length, question types, difficulty and wording of the scale. The scale was revised accordingly. A pilot survey was conducted in Beijing and Tianjin in November 2024, and the reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated based on the pilot survey data. Results: The response rate in both rounds of Delphi expert consultations was over 80%, and the expert authority coefficient was over 0.70. The expert opinions were highly concentrated, and the dispersion was small. The revised item pool based on expert opinions contained 39 items. The revised scale based on the suggestions and opinions collected from the focus group interviews had a moderate number of questions and difficulty level. The pilot survey obtained 800 valid responses, with the response rate of 89.39%. The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.911, χ 2/df =3.321, the root mean square error of approximation was 0.054, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.991 , and the factor loadings of some items were less than 0.40. Conclusion The health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese high school students demonstrates scientific rigor and practical applicability, with good internal consistency and structural validity.

This study investigated the regulatory effects of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in bovine mammary epithe-lial cells using in vitro cell culture techniques.Western blot analysis revealed significantly elevated expression levels of NF-κB pathway-related proteins and ER stress marker proteins in mastitis samples compared to healthy mammary tissues(P＜0.05).Cells were divided into a blank control group and carvacrol(CAV)treatment groups with varying concentrations(50,100,250,500,750,1 000 μmol/L).After 24 hours of culture,cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.An inflammatory model was established by stimulating MAC-T cells(a bovine mammary epithelial cell line)with LPS(10 mg/L)for 12 h,followed by measurement of the transcriptional levels of inflammatory-related genes(IL-6,IL-1β,and TNFα).MAC-T cells were pretreated with low,medi-um,and high doses of CAV for 12 h before LPS stimulation.Molecular docking analysis was per-formed to examine the interaction between CAV and GRP78,a key ER stress protein.Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cyto-kines(IL-6,IL-1β,TNFα),while Western blot was employed to assess the expression levels of NF-κB pathway proteins(p-IκB,p-NF-κB p65)and ER stress-related proteins(p-PERK,p-IRE1α,ATF6,GRP78,CHOP).The results from Western blot and qPCR demonstrated that CAV alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory response and cellular damage by inhibiting the NF-κB signa-ling pathway and ER stress.

In recent years,the intensification of dairy farming has significantly improved production efficiency but has also led to a rise in the incidence of metabolic diseases.Conditions such as keto-sis,fatty liver,and hypocalcemia pose serious threats to dairy cattle health and productivity.These diseases not only profoundly affect individual physiological function but also impose considerable economic pressures and challenges on farm management.As research advances,exosomes have e-merged as a novel intercellular signaling molecule,showing unique potential in regulating dairy cattle's nutritional metabolism.Studies suggest that exosomes hold promise as biomarkers for dis-ease and can even serve as carriers for disease detection and prevention.Acting as a crucial mediator of intercellular communication,exosomes play an important role in modulating the metabolic processes of dairy cattle.This review aims to systematically explore the role of exosomes in bovine nutritional metabolism and to provide new perspectives and theoretical support for their potential as tools for diagnosing,treating,and preventing metabolic diseases in dairy cattle,thus advancing research and practice in this field.

Objective To explore the differences in neck and lumbar spine injuries among different types of aircraft pilots and the correlation between body surface temperature and the severity of injury.Methods Data were collected by questionnaire surveys and medical examinations.Forty male pilots were selected as research objects,including 14 fighter pilots and 26 helicopter pilots,aged between 28 and 39 years,with a height range of 168 to 178 cm,and a total flight time of 600 to 2 000 h.Infrared thermal imaging was employed for skin temperature.A questionnaire survey was conducted for the assessment of the common site and degree of pain.The relationship between body surface temperature and pain was investigated.Results Fighter pilots mainly complained of discomfort in the neck and scapular region,while helicopter pilots were more likely to experience lower back pain.The skin temperature in the affected regions was significantly higher than that in the surrounding normal regions in both fighter pilots and helicopter pilots(P<0.05).The pain score was positively related with elevated temperature in the affected areas(P<0.05).Conclusion It is found that fighter pilots are more prone to neck and scapular pain,while helicopter pilots are more likely to experience lower back pain.The severity of pain is positively related with increased temperature in the affected areas.Infrared thermal imaging can be used to assess temperature variation at injured sites and the location of training injuries among pilots.