Based on CT scan data,a bionic model of lumbar spine injuries with high biofidelity is developed and validated through cadaver experiments.Decoupling the constraint system that affects occupants during collisions due to inertial forces and the subsequent pressure exerted by the seat upon returning to position,a simulated fall experiment is designed.The simulated outcomes are trained and predicted using deep learning algorithms,and the accuracy of the trained neural network prediction model is verified.Key parameters are analyzed for correlation using principal component analysis and cross-reverse methods.The results shows that the predicted lumbar spine injury model obtained from training has high reliability(R2>0.9).Comprehensive analysis reveals that after experiencing axial impact,the L4 vertebral body bears the highest impact load and can be used as a representative measure of lumbar spine injury.Among the environmental variables,the axial force on the L4 lumbar spine is mainly affected by torso mass and fall height,both of which have positive correlations.Torso mass,fall height,and posture angle all have positive effects on internal energy.Conversely,torso mass and fall height have negative correlations with stress.These research findings provide a scientific basis for further elucidating lumbar spine injury mechanisms in intelligent cockpit environments,devising corresponding safety protection measures,and evaluating occupant safety in automobiles.

AIM:To investigate the effects of high-dose methotrexate(MTX)on alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and the effects of ALP changes on bone me-tabolism,bone marrow granulogram function,liver function and excretion.METHODS:Aspartate ami-notransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and albumin(ALB)were used as liver function indi-cators,serum calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)were used as bone metabolism indicators,neutro-phil(ANC)and white blood cell count(WBC)were used as bone marrow granuloline function indica-tors,and methotrexate C48h concentration ≥1 μmol/L was used as the excretion delay.One-way ANOVA analysis was performed on the ALP levels before and after the first chemotherapy and the second chemotherapy,and the children were divided into normal group and low group according to the ALP level,and the seven indexes before and after che-motherapy were quantitatively and qualitatively an-alyzed,and univariate and multivariate Logistic re-gression analysis was performed on the concentra-tion of methotrexate C48h and the above indexes in the children treated with the second chemothera-py.RESULTS:After the first chemotherapy and the second chemotherapy,ALP was significantly de-creased[(204.0±83.6)U/L vs.(172.8±67.3)U/L,(179.4±59.3)U/L vs.(169.6±57.1)U/L,all P＜0.05],and the serum Ca,P,ANC,WBC,and ALB were sig-nificantly decreased(P＜0.05),and AST and ALT were increased(P＜0.05),and ALT was an indepen-dent risk factor for delayed excretion(OR=1.049,95％CI 1.023-1.077,P＜0.001),ALB was an indepen-dent protective factor for delayed excretion(OR=0.551,95％CI 0.460-0.660,P＜0.001),and ALP was not a significant contributor to MTX excretion de-lay.CONCLUSION:ALP is not a good predictor of liv-er function and bone marrow granulopathy func-tion due to a significant decrease in ALP caused by high-dose MTX,and ALP together with serum calci-um and phosphorus levels can constitute an early warning indicator of bone metabolism disorders.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of zinc finger transcription factor 580 (ZNF580) gene on autophagy and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in human pancreatic cancer cells PANC1.Methods:PANC1 cells were transfected with 500 ng/ml short hairpin RNA-ZNF580 (shRNA-ZNF580) and a ZNF580 expression vector with a green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP-ZNF580) using lentiviral transfection to establish the ZNF580-silenced group and ZNF580-overexpression group, respectively. PANC1 cells were treated with 10 mmol/L rapamycin (RA), a cell autophagy inducer, and the autophagy inhibitor LY294002 for 2 hours to construct the autophagy-induced group and autophagy-inhibited group, respectively. The autophagy inhibition+ZNF580 silencing group was established by transfecting PANC1 cells with 500 ng/ml sh-ZNF580 using lentiviral transfection while simultaneously adding 10 mmol/L LY294002. PANC1 cells cultured in conventional medium served as control group. The expression levels of ZNF580 protein and autophagy-related proteins ATG7 and LC3 in PANC1 cells from each group were detected by Western blot. The expression changes of ECM secretion-related markers type I collagen (Col-Ⅰ), Col-Ⅲ, fibronectin (FN), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in PANC1 cells were measured by ELISA.Results:Compared with control group, the protein expression levels of ATG7, LC3-Ⅰ, and LC3-Ⅱ in PANC1 cells of the ZNF580-silenced group were significantly decreased (0.40±0.04 vs 0.81±0.13, 0.66±0.08 vs 2.0±0.45, 0.78±0.10 vs 1.89±0.23), while they were significantly increased in the ZNF580-overexpression group (2.07±0.17 vs 0.83±0.09, 1.21±0.37 vs 0.88±0.09, 0.77±0.16 vs 0.37±0.06). The protein expression level of ZNF580 in PANC1 cells of the autophagy inhibition group was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group (0.40±0.15 vs 1.07±0.18), while it was significantly up-regulated in the autophagy induction group (1.59±0.25 vs 0.67±0.09). Compared with the control group, the levels of extracellularly secreted Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, FN, and TNF-α in PANC1 cells were significantly decreased in the ZNF580-silenced group (5.02±0.81 vs 8.38±0.83, 6.17±0.83 vs 10.73±1.69, 28.66±2.47 vs 45.20±4.31, 10.09±1.32 vs 19.48±2.77), which were significantly increased in the ZNF580-overexpression group (19.28±2.05 vs 8.38±0.83, 28.29±5.96 vs 10.73±1.69, 103.22±6.37 vs 45.20±4.31, 46.78±6.96 vs 19.48±2.77), significantly decreased in the autophagy inhibition group (5.10±0.66 vs 9.01±1.24, 7.22±0.67 vs 11.83±1.71, 28.45±2.82 vs 43.51±4.38, 12.16±2.13 vs 20.53±3.65, respectively), and significantly increased in the autophagy induction group (20.49±3.68 vs 9.01±1.24, 26.58±3.96 vs 11.83±1.71, 73.18±7.15 vs 43.51±4.38, 41.11±8.87 vs 20.53±3.65). Compared with the autophagy inhibition group and the ZNF580-silenced group, the levels of extracellularly secreted Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, FN, and TNF-α in PANC1 cells of the autophagy inhibition+ZNF580 silencing group were significantly decreased (Col-Ⅰ: 3.36±1.25 vs 5.73±0.62 and 5.57±0.35; Col-Ⅲ: 4.15±0.16 vs 6.24±0.90 and 6.71±0.34; FN: 18.31±2.00 vs 26.46±1.18 and 27.09±2.01; TNF-α: 6.81±0.46 vs 9.96±1.87 and 10.62±0.65). All the above differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Conclusions:The transcription factor ZNF580 could positively regulate the levels of autophagy and ECM secretion in PANC1 cells. The combined application of ZNF580 gene silencing and autophagy inhibitors can significantly inhibit ECM secretion in PANC1 cells.

AIM:To investigate the effects of high-dose methotrexate(MTX)on alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and the effects of ALP changes on bone me-tabolism,bone marrow granulogram function,liver function and excretion.METHODS:Aspartate ami-notransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and albumin(ALB)were used as liver function indi-cators,serum calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)were used as bone metabolism indicators,neutro-phil(ANC)and white blood cell count(WBC)were used as bone marrow granuloline function indica-tors,and methotrexate C48h concentration ≥1 μmol/L was used as the excretion delay.One-way ANOVA analysis was performed on the ALP levels before and after the first chemotherapy and the second chemotherapy,and the children were divided into normal group and low group according to the ALP level,and the seven indexes before and after che-motherapy were quantitatively and qualitatively an-alyzed,and univariate and multivariate Logistic re-gression analysis was performed on the concentra-tion of methotrexate C48h and the above indexes in the children treated with the second chemothera-py.RESULTS:After the first chemotherapy and the second chemotherapy,ALP was significantly de-creased[(204.0±83.6)U/L vs.(172.8±67.3)U/L,(179.4±59.3)U/L vs.(169.6±57.1)U/L,all P＜0.05],and the serum Ca,P,ANC,WBC,and ALB were sig-nificantly decreased(P＜0.05),and AST and ALT were increased(P＜0.05),and ALT was an indepen-dent risk factor for delayed excretion(OR=1.049,95％CI 1.023-1.077,P＜0.001),ALB was an indepen-dent protective factor for delayed excretion(OR=0.551,95％CI 0.460-0.660,P＜0.001),and ALP was not a significant contributor to MTX excretion de-lay.CONCLUSION:ALP is not a good predictor of liv-er function and bone marrow granulopathy func-tion due to a significant decrease in ALP caused by high-dose MTX,and ALP together with serum calci-um and phosphorus levels can constitute an early warning indicator of bone metabolism disorders.

Based on CT scan data,a bionic model of lumbar spine injuries with high biofidelity is developed and validated through cadaver experiments.Decoupling the constraint system that affects occupants during collisions due to inertial forces and the subsequent pressure exerted by the seat upon returning to position,a simulated fall experiment is designed.The simulated outcomes are trained and predicted using deep learning algorithms,and the accuracy of the trained neural network prediction model is verified.Key parameters are analyzed for correlation using principal component analysis and cross-reverse methods.The results shows that the predicted lumbar spine injury model obtained from training has high reliability(R2>0.9).Comprehensive analysis reveals that after experiencing axial impact,the L4 vertebral body bears the highest impact load and can be used as a representative measure of lumbar spine injury.Among the environmental variables,the axial force on the L4 lumbar spine is mainly affected by torso mass and fall height,both of which have positive correlations.Torso mass,fall height,and posture angle all have positive effects on internal energy.Conversely,torso mass and fall height have negative correlations with stress.These research findings provide a scientific basis for further elucidating lumbar spine injury mechanisms in intelligent cockpit environments,devising corresponding safety protection measures,and evaluating occupant safety in automobiles.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of zinc finger transcription factor 580 (ZNF580) gene on autophagy and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in human pancreatic cancer cells PANC1.Methods:PANC1 cells were transfected with 500 ng/ml short hairpin RNA-ZNF580 (shRNA-ZNF580) and a ZNF580 expression vector with a green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP-ZNF580) using lentiviral transfection to establish the ZNF580-silenced group and ZNF580-overexpression group, respectively. PANC1 cells were treated with 10 mmol/L rapamycin (RA), a cell autophagy inducer, and the autophagy inhibitor LY294002 for 2 hours to construct the autophagy-induced group and autophagy-inhibited group, respectively. The autophagy inhibition+ZNF580 silencing group was established by transfecting PANC1 cells with 500 ng/ml sh-ZNF580 using lentiviral transfection while simultaneously adding 10 mmol/L LY294002. PANC1 cells cultured in conventional medium served as control group. The expression levels of ZNF580 protein and autophagy-related proteins ATG7 and LC3 in PANC1 cells from each group were detected by Western blot. The expression changes of ECM secretion-related markers type I collagen (Col-Ⅰ), Col-Ⅲ, fibronectin (FN), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in PANC1 cells were measured by ELISA.Results:Compared with control group, the protein expression levels of ATG7, LC3-Ⅰ, and LC3-Ⅱ in PANC1 cells of the ZNF580-silenced group were significantly decreased (0.40±0.04 vs 0.81±0.13, 0.66±0.08 vs 2.0±0.45, 0.78±0.10 vs 1.89±0.23), while they were significantly increased in the ZNF580-overexpression group (2.07±0.17 vs 0.83±0.09, 1.21±0.37 vs 0.88±0.09, 0.77±0.16 vs 0.37±0.06). The protein expression level of ZNF580 in PANC1 cells of the autophagy inhibition group was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group (0.40±0.15 vs 1.07±0.18), while it was significantly up-regulated in the autophagy induction group (1.59±0.25 vs 0.67±0.09). Compared with the control group, the levels of extracellularly secreted Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, FN, and TNF-α in PANC1 cells were significantly decreased in the ZNF580-silenced group (5.02±0.81 vs 8.38±0.83, 6.17±0.83 vs 10.73±1.69, 28.66±2.47 vs 45.20±4.31, 10.09±1.32 vs 19.48±2.77), which were significantly increased in the ZNF580-overexpression group (19.28±2.05 vs 8.38±0.83, 28.29±5.96 vs 10.73±1.69, 103.22±6.37 vs 45.20±4.31, 46.78±6.96 vs 19.48±2.77), significantly decreased in the autophagy inhibition group (5.10±0.66 vs 9.01±1.24, 7.22±0.67 vs 11.83±1.71, 28.45±2.82 vs 43.51±4.38, 12.16±2.13 vs 20.53±3.65, respectively), and significantly increased in the autophagy induction group (20.49±3.68 vs 9.01±1.24, 26.58±3.96 vs 11.83±1.71, 73.18±7.15 vs 43.51±4.38, 41.11±8.87 vs 20.53±3.65). Compared with the autophagy inhibition group and the ZNF580-silenced group, the levels of extracellularly secreted Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, FN, and TNF-α in PANC1 cells of the autophagy inhibition+ZNF580 silencing group were significantly decreased (Col-Ⅰ: 3.36±1.25 vs 5.73±0.62 and 5.57±0.35; Col-Ⅲ: 4.15±0.16 vs 6.24±0.90 and 6.71±0.34; FN: 18.31±2.00 vs 26.46±1.18 and 27.09±2.01; TNF-α: 6.81±0.46 vs 9.96±1.87 and 10.62±0.65). All the above differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Conclusions:The transcription factor ZNF580 could positively regulate the levels of autophagy and ECM secretion in PANC1 cells. The combined application of ZNF580 gene silencing and autophagy inhibitors can significantly inhibit ECM secretion in PANC1 cells.

Objective To provide basic data for developing automobile crash safety standards with Chinese human body characteristics,the influence of the muscle active force on the kinematic response of an occupant's head and neck under load impact was investigated.Methods Based on computed tomography(CT)images of the 50th percentile male volunteers with Chinese physical characteristics,a finite element model of the neck containing the cervical vertebrae,muscles,and fat was constructed.The validity of frontal and side impact simulation was verified,and a beam unit was added to the model to simulate the active force of neck muscles.Results The developed neck model consisted of 143 793 units and 165 077 nodes.The simulation experimental data were consistent with the trend of volunteer experimental data,which had a good consistency and verified the effectiveness of the model.A comparison of the simulation results of the activated and passive models showed that the peak motion of the activated model was lower than that of the passive model.Under the side impact,the horizontal displacement of the head of the activated model in the y-direction on the coronal plane did not fully match the experimental channel of the volunteer.Conclusions The muscle active force can maintain the posture and stability of the body.The activation curves,as well as the muscle active force produced by different individuals,vary owing to the different physiological cross-sectional areas of the muscles and other factors.The finite element model of the male neck developed in this study is based on the most recent statistical data of male physiques in China.It has a detailed anatomical structure and high biological fidelity.The model can be used to study the neck injury mechanisms of medium-sized Chinese male physiques.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To explore the relationship between amyloid A(SAA)/C-reactive protein(CRP)and airway inflammation and disease severity in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma.Methods A total of 82 children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma admitted to Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2023 were selected as the study objects,and were divided into mild group(23 cases)and moderate and severe group(59 cases)according to the disease severity at admission.SAA/CRP and airway inflammation indicators[interleukin-6(IL-6),procalcitonin(PCT)]in the two groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of SAA/CRP for the disease severity of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma,and multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for the disease severity of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma.Results The serum levels of IL-6 and PCT in the mild group were lower than those in the moderate and severe group(P＜0.05),and the serum SAA,CRP and SAA/CRP in the mild group were lower than those in the moderate and severe group(P＜0.05).SAA/CRP was positively correlated with IL-6 and PCT levels in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma(r=0.317,0.324,P=0.010,0.001).The area under the curve of SAA,CRP and SAA/CRP for diagnosing the disease severity of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma were 0.854,0.753 and 0.916,re-spectively.Family history of asthma(OR=3.622,95％CI:1.556～8.430),asthma control test score(OR=4.175,95％CI:1.652-10.550),SAA/CRP(OR=5.254,95％CI:2.108-13.097)were the risk factors for children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma(P＜0.05).Conclusion The SAA/CRP in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma is related to airway inflammation,and has a certain value in evaluating the disease severity of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma.