Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Objective:To analyze the burden and trends of noncommunicable chronic disease(NCD) attributable to metabolic factors in China from 1990 to 2021.Methods:Data from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD) 2021 database were utilized to describe changes in mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) of NCD in China from 1990 to 2021. Stratified analyses were conducted by age, sex, sociodemographic index(SDI), and related risk factors. Statistical analyses and predictions were conducted using the age-period-cohort model and the Nordpred model.Results:In 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of NCD attributable to metabolic factors in China were 227.56 per 100 000 and 4 829.39 per 100 000, respectively. Their average annual percentage changes were -0.76%( P<0.001) and -0.77%( P<0.001). Overall, the burden decreased progressively with higher SDI levels. Analysis using the age-period-cohort model indicated reduced birth cohort and period effects for metabolic factor-attributable NCD, while age effects rose significantly. The minimum relative risk( RR) value was observed in the 15-19 age group( RR=0.01), and the maximum RR value occurred in the 95-99 age group( RR=996.86). The overall rising mortality trend indicated that age effects are the predominant driver at present. Projections estimate that by 2046, deaths from metabolic factor-attributable NCD in China will reach 8 189 563, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 236.95 per 100 000. Conclusions:China continues to face a substantial burden of NCD linked to metabolic factors, with older adults, males, and individuals with hypertension, diabetes, and prediabetes identified as key populations requiring targeted interventions.

Objective To explore the efficacy and mechanism of Haikun Shenxi capsules combined with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor(SGLT2i)in the treatment of end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Methods A prospective study was conducted,150 ESRD patients admitted to the department of nephrology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology from January 2024 to March 2025 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into a control group,a treatment group,and a combined group using a random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was given compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza injection,the treatment group was given Haikun Shenxi capsules,and the combined group was given Haikun Shenxi capsules combined with an SGLT2i(Canagliflozin).All three groups were treated continuously for 4 weeks.The differences in clinical efficacy,renal function indicators[blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr),24-hour urine protein],renal fibrosis indicators[serum fibronectin(FN),serum hyaluronic acid(HA),serum laminin(LN),plasma typeⅢprocollagen(PC-Ⅲ)],inflammatory factor indicators[hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)]before and after treatment,and adverse reactions were observed among the three groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences in renal function indicators,renal fibrosis indicators,and inflammatory factor indicators among the three groups before treatment;the total effective rate of treatment in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the treatment group[96.00%(48/50)vs.76.00%(38/50),84.00%(42/50),both P<0.05];after treatment,the levels of BUN,SCr,24-hour urine protein,HA,PC-Ⅲ,LN,hs-CRP,TNF-α,VCAM-1,and MCP-1 in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group and the treatment group[BUN(mmol/L):11.62±3.24 vs.18.56±4.37,15.34±4.24,SCr(μmol/L):152.38±20.61 vs.216.58±23.67,184.62±21.62,24-hour urine protein(mg):142.68±31.52 vs.246.29±46.34,195.64±34.28,HA(g/L):1.43±0.35 vs.2.61±0.32,2.16±0.34,PC-Ⅲ(μg/L):115.37±16.57 vs.135.81±18.65,127.64±17.48,LN(μg/L):125.67±24.19 vs.146.38±23.68,136.62±25.67,hs-CRP(mg/L):4.05±1.25 vs.5.16±1.42,4.62±1.38,TNF-α(ng/L):4.13±1.04 vs.5.06±1.18,4.62±1.08,VCAM-1(μg/L):0.81±0.23 vs.1.13±0.27,0.98±0.24,MCP-1(ng/L):72.19±10.62 vs.94.68±13.58,83.64±12.74,all P<0.05],the levels of Ccr and FN in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the control group and the treatment group[Ccr(mL/min):53.68±8.46 vs.34.34±6.27,41.68±7.25,FN(mg/L):154.69±21.67 vs.132.62±18.61,146.28±20.36,all P<0.05].There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups.Conclusion Haikun Shenxi capsules combined with SGLT2i have a more significant effect in the treatment of ESRD,which can improve renal function,delay renal fibrosis,reduce inflammatory response,and do not increase the incidence of adverse reactions.

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a frequently encountered acute abdominal syndrome in clinical settings,and the integrated model of traditional Chinese and Western medicine(TCM-WM)has demonstrated notable advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of AP.To systematize and standardize clinical practices related to develop clinical pathway for integrated TCM-WM diagnosis and treatment of AP,which enhances the efficiency and quality of patient care.This pathway focuses on AP,a common acute and life-threatening disease within the digestive system,and outlines that the central pathological mechanism involves pancreatic injury and localized inflammation resulting from the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes.It has the characteristics of rapid onset,multiple causes,and complex manifestations.Severe cases can be life-threatening.At present,conventional treatments encompass a diverse range of modalities.Moreover,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)holds distinct advantages in alleviating relevant symptoms,and TCM-WM is gaining increasing prevalence.To enhance the standardization and consistency of diagnostic and therapeutic practices,this clinical pathway clearly delineates the target patient population,which includes individuals diagnosed with abdominal pain disorder according to TCM and with AP in accordance with WM criteria,as well as the corresponding inclusion standards.The diagnostic framework integrates both TCM and WM guidelines,and further incorporates disease staging,severity grading,and syndrome differentiation to support a comprehensive and integrated diagnostic strategy.The treatment integrates approaches from both TCM and WM.Within the WM framework,interventions consist of basic supportive care,infection control,nutritional support,and the management of complications.In the context of TCM,the protocol includes syndrome differentiation and corresponding therapeutic strategies(Distinct syndrome patterns are identified and managed during the acute and convalescent phases),such as acupuncture and retention enema.This clinical pathway addresses multiple key components,including preventive strategies,post-treatment follow-up,criteria for evaluating therapeutic efficacy,admission and discharge,admission examination protocols,discharge criteria,and the rationale for deviations or withdrawal from the pathway.It is designed to provide a systematic and standardized reference framework for relevant clinical practices.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of fungal infection in patients with upper urinary tract calculi after surgery and construct a risk prediction nomograph model.Methods:The clinical data of 2 329 patients who had undergone upper urinary calculus surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence or absence of fungal infection within 3 months after surgery, the patients were divided into fungal infection group (n=97) and non-fungal infection group (n=2 232). Univariate logistic regression analysis and LASSO regression were used to screen the potential influencing factors. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=1 630) and a validation set (n=699) at a ratio of 7∶3. Based on the training set, multivariate logistic stepwise regression was used to screen independent risk factors and to construct a nomogram. Based on the validation set, ROC curve, calibration curve and decision curve were drawn to evaluate the model's differentiation, accuracy and clinical applicability.Results:Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, age, diabetes mellitus, history of malignant tumor, long-term bedridden disease, long-term use of immunosuppressants, hemoglobin on admission, serum creatinine, uric acid, white blood cell count on admission, neutrophil count on admission, degree of hydronephrosis, preoperative indwelling ureteral stent, duration of surgery, postoperative fever within 48 hours, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, CRP, urinary catheter indwelling time, length of hospital stay, use of carbapenem antibiotics, the duration of antibiotic use and the duration of postoperative ureteral stent indwelling were related to fungal infection. screening after upper urinary calculi surgery ( P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression results were screened after LASSO regression. Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis for the training set showed that age ( OR=1.041, 95% CI 1.017-1.066, P=0.001), diabetes( OR=3.138, 95% CI 1.517-6.492, P=0.002), long-term bed-rest ( OR=10.627, 95% CI 3.671-30.767, P<0.001), history of malignant tumor( OR=11.934, 95% CI 5.473-26.022, P<0.001), white blood cell count on admission( OR=1.276, 95% CI 1.134-1.436, P<0.001), postoperative fever within 48 hours ( OR=3.940, 95% CI 1.956-7.937, P<0.001), use of carbapenem antibiotics( OR=5.826, 95% CI 2.783-12.196, P<0.001), length of hospital stay( OR=1.201, 95% CI 1.131-1.277, P<0.001), and postoperative retention time of ureteral stent( OR=1.205, 95% CI 1.104-1.315, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for fungal infection after upper urinary calculi surgery.The nomogram model was constructed based on independent risk factors. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the nomogram model in the prediction validation set was 0.955(95% CI 0.926-0.984). The calibration curve of the model was well fitted to the ideal curve. The results of decision curve analysis proved that the net benefit rate of the prediction model within the threshold range was higher than the two extreme lines when the threshold probability was <86%, indicating that the model was of good clinical applicability. Conclusions:Age, diabetes, history of malignant tumor, long-term bed-rest disease, white blood cell count on admission, postoperative fever within 48 hours, use of carbapenem antibiotics, length of hospital stay, and postoperative retention time of ureteral stent are independent risk factors for fungal infection in patients with upper urinary calculi after surgery. The model constructed in this study has good predictive ability and clinical applicability for the risk of fungal infection in patients with upper urinary calculi after surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To compare perioperative and mid-term results of multiple versus single arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) in patients with impaired left ventricular function. METHODS: This study was conducted among 86 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, who underwent OPCABG at our hospital between January, 2018 and December, 2021. Of these patients, 22 underwent OPCABG with multiple arterial grafts (multiple graft group) and 64 received a single arterial graft in OPCABG (single graft group). The preoperative, intraoperative, and perioperative data were collected, and the patients were followed up for a mean of 29.28±14.84 months. The perioperative outcomes and follow-up results of the patients were compared, and the factors influencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were identified using logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the postoperative survival rate without MACE. RESULTS: The patients in multiple graft group had a significantly younger age than those in single graft group (P<0.05), but the other baseline data were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Perioperative mortality, 24-h postoperative drainage volume, length of ICU stay, intubation time, and the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation were all similar between the two groups (P>0.05), but the rate of postoperative hypotension was significantly higher in multiple graft group (34.78% vs 11.54%, P=0.009). No significant differences were found in the incidence of MACE or echocardiographic data during the follow-up. Logistic regression identified the female sex (OR: 0.191, 95% CI: 0.049-0.075) and creatinine level (OR: 1.016, 95% CI: 1.000-1.033) as factors affecting postoperative MACE occurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in MACE-free survival rate between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS OPCABG with multiple arterial grafts does not increase severe perioperative complications or the risk of mid-term MACE in patients with impaired left ventricular function.
Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology* ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Perioperative Period ; Stroke Volume

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Huanglian Heye Formula(composed of Nelumbinis Folium,Coicis Semen,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Coptidis Rhizoma,Crataegi Fructus,and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)combined with insulin aspart in treating obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)presenting damp-heat obstructing middle jiao syndrome.Methods A total of 94 obese T2DM patients with damp-heat obstructing middle jiao syndrome were treated at the Endocrinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from April 2022 to January 2024.The patients were randomly assigned to the control group and the observation group,with 47 patients in each group.The control group was treated with insulin aspart,and the observation group was treated with Huanglian Heye Formula plus insulin aspart,both groups were treated for 12 weeks.Changes in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,lipid metabolism parameters[total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)],obesity indicators[waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),body mass index(BMI),glucose metabolism markers[glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),2-hour postprandial glucose(2hPG),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)],and serological indicators(visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor[VASPIN],homeostasis model assessment of[3-cell function(HOMA-β)]were observed before and after treatment.Clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated.Results(1)The observation group demonstrated significantly higher total efficacy[93.62％(44/47)]compared to the control group[78.72％(37/47);the intergroup comparison(by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy in the observation group was superior to the control group(P＜0.05).(2)Both groups showed reduced TCM syndrome scores(heaviness in head/body,epigastric fullness,sticky/foul-smelling stools,halitosis,dry/bitter mouth,heartburn/vomiting,yellowish urine,and emotional distress;all P＜0.05),with greater improvements in the observation group(P＜0.01).(3)Lipid profiles of TC,TG and LDL-C were improved in both groups(P＜0.05),with more significant reductions in the observation group(P＜0.01).(4)Obesity indicators(WHR,BMI)decreased in both groups(P＜0.05),showing superior reductions in the observation group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(5)Glucose metabolism markers(HbA1c,2hPG,FPG)were significantly lowered in both groups(P＜0.05),with the observation group achieving better outcomes(P＜0.01).(6)Serological analysis revealed increased VASPIN and HOMA-[3 levels in both groups(P＜0.05),with more pronounced elevations in the observation group(P＜0.01).(7)No severe adverse events occurred.The incidence of adverse reactions was 8.51％(4/47)in the observation group versus 6.38％(3/47)in the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Huanglian Heye Formula combined with insulin aspart significantly improves clinical outcomes in obese T2DM patients with damp-heat obstructing middle jiao syndrome by protecting pancreatic[3-cell function,reducing body mass,ameliorating glucose/lipid metabolism,and modulating VASPIN expression,with demonstrated safety.

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of extended single prone positioning ventilation on survival and weaning rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients supported by VV-ECMO.Methods:ARDS patients supported by VV-ECMO admitted to Jinhua Central Hospital, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the First Hospital of Jiaxing from September 2014 to May 2025 were retrospectively enrolled into the study. The clinical data, ECMO and ventilator related parameters and outcomes of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into the extended prone positioning group and prone positioning group according to whether the duration of prone position ventilation was greater than 24 h. The clinical data of the two groups were compared to explore the effects on 30-day survival in-hospital survival and ECMO withdraw rate of these patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the duration of single prone position ventilation and the success of ECMO weaning, 30-day survival and hospital survival.Results:Total of 163 ARDS patients supported by VV-ECMO receiving prone positioning ventilation were included in study, 64 in extended prone positioning group and 72 in prone positioning group. The 30-day survival (54.7% vs. 52.8%) in-hospital survival (51.6% vs. 48.6%) and ECMO withdraw rate (57.8% vs. 61.1%) between the two groups were not statistically different ( P>0.05) as well as the duration of ECMO support [12(10,15)d vs. 11(10,13)d] the duration of ventilation [16(13,18)d vs. 16(12,18)d] the duration of ICU stay [26(15,32)d vs. 26(19,29)d] and the duration of hospital stay [32(15,42)d vs. 34(28,35)d]. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of each prone position ventilation was not associated with successful weaning ( OR=0.979, 95% CI:0.952-1.006), 30-day survival ( OR=1.015, 95% CI: 0.975-1.056) and hospital survival ( OR=1.014, 95% CI: 0.974-1.055) even after adjusting for the severity of illness, age, and type of pneumonia. Conclusions:For ARDS patients supported by VV-ECMO, extended single prone positioning ventilation for more than 24 hours neither increase 30-day survival in-hospital survival and successful ECMO weaning rate, nor shorten ECMO support duration.

OBJECTIVE To investigate a suspected outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infection in the intensive care unit of a traditional Chinese medicine hospital,identify the source of infec-tion and transmission routes,and provide a basis for prevention and control of CRKP infection.METHODS Epide-miological investigations were conducted on five patients with CRKP infections or colonization who were identi-fied in Jul.2024 at Suiyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Samples were collected from pa-tients,the ward environments,and hand surfaces to detect CRKP.Fourteen CRKP isolates were selected for car-bapenemase gene testing,and homology analysis was performed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)and multilocus sequence typing(MLST).RESULTS The median age of the five cases was 73 years,and all had undergone multiple invasive procedures.Environmental monitoring showed a CRKP positive rate of 26.35％,with CRKP isolates detected on the hands of healthcare workers,surfaces in the wards and medical equipment surfaces.Genetic analysis showed that all 14 CRKP strains carried the KPC resist-ance gene;except for case 1,other strains carried the VIM gene.MLST identified CRKP of all strains as sequence type 48(ST48);while ERIC-PCR revealed two distinct genotypes:genotype A for case 1 and genotype B for the other cases and environmental isolates.After strengthening patient isolation and group treatment,strictly cleaning and disinfecting the ward environments and medical equipment,and strictly implementing hand hygiene,the infec-tion was effectively controlled.CONCLUSIONS Inadequate disinfection of the ward environments and medical e-quipment and poor compliance with hand hygiene are the main contributors to the suspected CRKP outbreak.Ho-mology analysis suggests the existence of two independent transmission chains.Timely identification and manage-ment of the infection sources,interruption of transmission routes,protection of susceptible individuals and imple-mentation of comprehensive infection control measures are essential for effective outbreak control.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of upper urinary tract stones complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),so as to provide reference for the prevention of this disease.Methods The clinical data of 158 NAFLD patients undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital during Jan.2022 and Jul.2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether the patients were complicated with NAFLD,they were divided into the NAFLD group(n=56)and non-NAFLD group(n=102).The general data,laboratory indexes and 24-h urinary metabolic indexes were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results Compared with the non NAFLD group,the NAFLD group had higher BMI[(28.17±4.17)vs.(24.11±3.72),P＜0.001],blood uric acid[(354.13±111.01)μmol/L vs.(294.41±93.72)μmol/L,P＜0.001],and 24-h urinary oxalate level[(37.74±15.00)mmol vs.(27.73±15.27)mmol,P＜0.001].Multivariate logistic analysis showed that BMI(OR=1.311,P＜0.001),24-h urinary oxalate(OR=1.046,P=0.004),and 24-h urinary magnesium(OR=0.599,P=0.002)were the independent factors for NAFLD with upper urinary tract stones.Conclusion NAFLD complicated with upper urinary tract stones is significantly associated with high BMI,high 24-h urinary oxalate,and low 24-h urinary magnesium.