Objective To explore the effect of San Ren decoction on macrophage polarization in Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-associated gastritis(HAG)with spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome through Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway.Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,quadruple therapy group(omeprazole 2 mg/kg+amoxicillin 100 mg/kg+clarithromycin 50 mg/kg+colloidal pectin secret capsule 35 mg/kg),San Ren decoction low dose group(3 g/kg),San Ren decoction medium dose group(7.5 g/kg),San Ren decoction high dose group(15 g/kg),12 animals in each group.The rat model of HAG spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome was constructed by composite factors(fatigue+diet+bitter cold medicine+environment+biological factors(Hp bacterial solution)),and the drugs were continuously administered for 21 days according to the groups.The basic conditions of rats were observed in the experiment.Hp colonization was detected by rapid urease test.And gastric mucosal inflammation was observed using HE staining.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa.The levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-4,IL-10 in serum were measured by ELISA.Gastric mucosa expressed CD68 by immunohistochemistry.Subtypes of macrophages F4/80+CD86+and F4/80+CD206+were detected by flow cytometry.RT-qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of MCP-1,CD80,CD86,IL-4,CD206,and CD163 in gastric mucosa.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Tim-3 and Galectin-9 proteins in gastric mucosal tissues.Results The histopathology of gastric mucosa in the model group was significantly damaged compared with that of the control group,and the rate of Hp colonization,serum IFN-γ and TNF-α,protein expression of CD68,Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in gastric mucosa tissues,and mRNA expression of MCP-1,CD80,CD86,and CD163 were significantly higher compared with that of the control group(P<0.01).The high-dose intervention of San Ren decoction significantly improved the gastric mucosal tissue injury in model rats,significantly reduced the rate of Hp colonization,and inhibited serum IFN-γ and TNF-α,gastric mucosal tissue CD68,Tim-3,and Galectin-9 protein expression,gastric mucosal tissue MCP-1,CD80,and CD86,CD163 mRNA expression(P<0.05).Conclusion San Ren decoction can improve the symptoms,inhibit the inflammatory response and mediate the macrophages polarization of gastric mucosal in rats with HAG spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome,and its mechanism of action might be related to the regulation of Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of San Ren decoction on macrophage polarization in Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-associated gastritis(HAG)with spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome through Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway.Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,quadruple therapy group(omeprazole 2 mg/kg+amoxicillin 100 mg/kg+clarithromycin 50 mg/kg+colloidal pectin secret capsule 35 mg/kg),San Ren decoction low dose group(3 g/kg),San Ren decoction medium dose group(7.5 g/kg),San Ren decoction high dose group(15 g/kg),12 animals in each group.The rat model of HAG spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome was constructed by composite factors(fatigue+diet+bitter cold medicine+environment+biological factors(Hp bacterial solution)),and the drugs were continuously administered for 21 days according to the groups.The basic conditions of rats were observed in the experiment.Hp colonization was detected by rapid urease test.And gastric mucosal inflammation was observed using HE staining.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa.The levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-4,IL-10 in serum were measured by ELISA.Gastric mucosa expressed CD68 by immunohistochemistry.Subtypes of macrophages F4/80+CD86+and F4/80+CD206+were detected by flow cytometry.RT-qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of MCP-1,CD80,CD86,IL-4,CD206,and CD163 in gastric mucosa.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Tim-3 and Galectin-9 proteins in gastric mucosal tissues.Results The histopathology of gastric mucosa in the model group was significantly damaged compared with that of the control group,and the rate of Hp colonization,serum IFN-γ and TNF-α,protein expression of CD68,Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in gastric mucosa tissues,and mRNA expression of MCP-1,CD80,CD86,and CD163 were significantly higher compared with that of the control group(P<0.01).The high-dose intervention of San Ren decoction significantly improved the gastric mucosal tissue injury in model rats,significantly reduced the rate of Hp colonization,and inhibited serum IFN-γ and TNF-α,gastric mucosal tissue CD68,Tim-3,and Galectin-9 protein expression,gastric mucosal tissue MCP-1,CD80,and CD86,CD163 mRNA expression(P<0.05).Conclusion San Ren decoction can improve the symptoms,inhibit the inflammatory response and mediate the macrophages polarization of gastric mucosal in rats with HAG spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome,and its mechanism of action might be related to the regulation of Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway.

Objective To identify epidemiological characteristics and pathogen distribution of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Hebei Children's Hospital in order to support prevention and treatment of HFMD.Methods A total of 1 698 cases throat swab samples from children diagnosed as HFMD from 2016 to 2023 were collected.Real-time PCR was used to detect the specific classification of HFMD.Statistical analysis was performed according to the year,season,age,and sex and enterovirus type of HFMD in the children.Results From 2016 to 2023,the ratio of male to female patients among the 1 698 children admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital was 1.72∶1.Among them,the highest incidence rate in summer was 778 cases,accounting for 45.8%of all cases,followed by autumn,with a total of 614 cases,accounting for 36.2%of cases.The highest incidence was recorded in age group of 1-3 years,with a total of 1 032 cases(60.8%).The lowest incidence was 38 cases in age group＞6 years old(2.2%);There were 988 cases of HFM(58.2%)caused by different strains of enterovirus undefined(EVU)except enterovirus 71(EV71)and coxsackievirus A16(CA16).Conclusions HFMD found in Hebei Children's Hospital from 2016 to 2023 are mainly caused by enteroviruses except EV 71 and coxsackievirus A16.High morbid-ity is found in children aged 1-3 years,and summer and autumn are the main epidemic seasons.This result may facilitate and support decision making and strategy development in disease prevention and control as well as to strengthen public health resources.

Objective We propose a dual-domain cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)reconstruction framework DualCBR-Net based on improved differentiable domain transform for cone-angle artifact correction.Methods The proposed CBCT dual-domain reconstruction framework DualCBR-Net consists of 3 individual modules:projection preprocessing,differentiable domain transform,and image post-processing.The projection preprocessing module first extends the original projection data in the row direction to ensure full coverage of the scanned object by X-ray.The differentiable domain transform introduces the FDK reconstruction and forward projection operators to complete the forward and gradient backpropagation processes,where the geometric parameters correspond to the extended data dimension to provide crucial prior information in the forward pass of the network and ensure the accuracy in the gradient backpropagation,thus enabling precise learning of cone-beam region data.The image post-processing module further fine-tunes the domain-transformed image to remove residual artifacts and noises.Results The results of validation experiments conducted on Mayo's public chest dataset showed that the proposed DualCBR-Net framework was superior to other comparison methods in terms of artifact removal and structural detail preservation.Compared with the latest methods,the DualCBR-Net framework improved the PSNR and SSIM by 0.6479 and 0.0074,respectively.Conclusion The proposed DualCBR-Net framework for cone-angle artifact correction allows effective joint training of the CBCT dual-domain network and is especially effective for large cone-angle region.

Objective To propose a dual-domain CBCT reconstruction framework(DualSFR-Net)based on generative projection interpolation to reduce artifacts in sparse-view cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)reconstruction.Methods The proposed method DualSFR-Net consists of a generative projection interpolation module,a domain transformation module,and an image restoration module.The generative projection interpolation module includes a sparse projection interpolation network(SPINet)based on a generative adversarial network and a full-view projection restoration network(FPRNet).SPINet performs projection interpolation to synthesize full-view projection data from the sparse-view projection data,while FPRNet further restores the synthesized full-view projection data.The domain transformation module introduces the FDK reconstruction and forward projection operators to complete the forward and gradient backpropagation processes.The image restoration module includes an image restoration network FIRNet that fine-tunes the domain-transformed images to eliminate residual artifacts and noise.Results Validation experiments conducted on a dental CT dataset demonstrated that DualSFR-Net was capable to reconstruct high-quality CBCT images under sparse-view sampling protocols.Quantitatively,compared to the current best methods,the DualSFR-Net method improved the PSNR by 0.6615 and 0.7658 and increased the SSIM by 0.0053 and 0.0134 under 2-fold and 4-fold sparse protocols,respectively.Conclusion The proposed generative projection interpolation-based dual-domain CBCT sparse-view reconstruction method can effectively reduce stripe artifacts to improve image quality and enables efficient joint training for dual-domain imaging networks in sparse-view CBCT reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Sanren decoction on digestion and absorption function and Akt/NF-κB pathway in rats with Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-associated gastritis(HAG) and spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome. METHODS Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group(n=12) and modeling group(n=60), and a rat model of HAG with combination of factors[fatigue+diet+bitter cold medicine+environment+biological factors(Hp bacterial solution)] was constructed. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into model group, quadruple therapy group(omeprazole 2 mg·kg−1+amoxicillin 100 mg·kg−1+clarithromycin 50 mg·kg−1+colloidal pectin secret capsule 35 mg·kg−1), Sanren decoction low, medium, high dose groups(3, 7.5, 15 g·kg−1), each group was continuously administered for 21 d. During the experiment, the general conditions of rats were observed; the rapid urease test was performed to detect Hp colonization rate; HE staining was performed to observe the inflammation of gastric mucosa; TUNEL was performed to detect apoptosis in gastric mucosa; the content of Ghrelin, IFN-γ, MTL, GAS, IL-4, IL-10 in serum were detected by ELISA; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, cAMP, Akt, p-Akt, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa; Real-time PCR was performed to detect Akt, NF-κB p65 mRNA expression in gastric mucosal tissues. RESULTS Compared with the blank group, the mucosal tissue of rats in the model group was significantly damaged, and the Hp colonization rate, apoptosis, protein expression of caspase-3, Bax, p-Akt, p-NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosal tissue, mRNA expression of Akt, NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosal tissue and serum IFN-γ content were significantly increased, while protein expression of Bcl-2 in gastric mucosal tissue and serum Ghrelin, MTL, GAS, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the mucosal tissue injury of rats in Sanren decoction high dose group was significantly improved, the Hp colonization rate, apoptosis, protein expression of caspase-3, Bax, p-Akt, p-NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosal tissues, mRNA expression of Akt and NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosal tissues and serum IFN-γ content were significantly reduced, while the protein expression of Bcl-2 in gastric mucosal tissues and serum levels of Ghrelin, MTL, GAS, IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Sanren decoction can improve the symptoms, inhibit the inflammatory response and functional dyspepsia in rats with HAG spleen and stomach damp heat syndrome, and the mechanism of action maybe related to the regulation of Akt/NF-κB pathway.

Objective We propose a dual-domain cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)reconstruction framework DualCBR-Net based on improved differentiable domain transform for cone-angle artifact correction.Methods The proposed CBCT dual-domain reconstruction framework DualCBR-Net consists of 3 individual modules:projection preprocessing,differentiable domain transform,and image post-processing.The projection preprocessing module first extends the original projection data in the row direction to ensure full coverage of the scanned object by X-ray.The differentiable domain transform introduces the FDK reconstruction and forward projection operators to complete the forward and gradient backpropagation processes,where the geometric parameters correspond to the extended data dimension to provide crucial prior information in the forward pass of the network and ensure the accuracy in the gradient backpropagation,thus enabling precise learning of cone-beam region data.The image post-processing module further fine-tunes the domain-transformed image to remove residual artifacts and noises.Results The results of validation experiments conducted on Mayo's public chest dataset showed that the proposed DualCBR-Net framework was superior to other comparison methods in terms of artifact removal and structural detail preservation.Compared with the latest methods,the DualCBR-Net framework improved the PSNR and SSIM by 0.6479 and 0.0074,respectively.Conclusion The proposed DualCBR-Net framework for cone-angle artifact correction allows effective joint training of the CBCT dual-domain network and is especially effective for large cone-angle region.

Objective To propose a dual-domain CBCT reconstruction framework(DualSFR-Net)based on generative projection interpolation to reduce artifacts in sparse-view cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)reconstruction.Methods The proposed method DualSFR-Net consists of a generative projection interpolation module,a domain transformation module,and an image restoration module.The generative projection interpolation module includes a sparse projection interpolation network(SPINet)based on a generative adversarial network and a full-view projection restoration network(FPRNet).SPINet performs projection interpolation to synthesize full-view projection data from the sparse-view projection data,while FPRNet further restores the synthesized full-view projection data.The domain transformation module introduces the FDK reconstruction and forward projection operators to complete the forward and gradient backpropagation processes.The image restoration module includes an image restoration network FIRNet that fine-tunes the domain-transformed images to eliminate residual artifacts and noise.Results Validation experiments conducted on a dental CT dataset demonstrated that DualSFR-Net was capable to reconstruct high-quality CBCT images under sparse-view sampling protocols.Quantitatively,compared to the current best methods,the DualSFR-Net method improved the PSNR by 0.6615 and 0.7658 and increased the SSIM by 0.0053 and 0.0134 under 2-fold and 4-fold sparse protocols,respectively.Conclusion The proposed generative projection interpolation-based dual-domain CBCT sparse-view reconstruction method can effectively reduce stripe artifacts to improve image quality and enables efficient joint training for dual-domain imaging networks in sparse-view CBCT reconstruction.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of respiratory tract adenovirus infection in hospitalized children and the correlation between adenovirus infection and wheezing symptoms.Methods:The detection of adenovirus in 48 153 children with acute respiratory tract infection in Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. The adenovirus infection in different years, different seasons and different age groups was compared and analyzed. Multivariate conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of wheezing symptoms caused by adenovirus infection in children.Results:Of the 48 153 children, adenovirus was positive in 603 children, the positive rate was 1.25%. No significant difference was found in the positive rate between boys and girls ( X2=0.592, P = 0.442). There was no significant difference in adenovirus positive rate between different years ( X2=10.251, P = 0.068). Adenovirus was detected in four seasons, and the positive rate in winter and spring (1.50%, 1.31%) was higher than those in summer and autumn (0.98%, 1.08%), and the difference in the detection rate of adenovirus in different seasons was significantly ( X2=15.490, P = 0.001). The highest detection rate was 2.13%(199/9 339 cases) in the group of ~ ≤ 6 years old, and the lowest detection rate was 0.82% (146/17861 cases, 0.82%) in children under 1 year old. There was significant difference among different age groups ( X2=89.580, P < 0.001). The detection rate of adenovirus in wheezing group (362/21 015 cases, 1.72%) was higher than that in non-wheezing group (241/27 138 cases, 0.89%), and the difference was significant ( X2=66.702, P < 0.001). Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that atopic constitution, history of recurrent respiratory tract infections, obesity, premature birth and maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension were risk factors for children’s wheezing symptoms associated with adenovirus infection ( OR=7.463, 5.772, 2.992, 2.119, 1.714). Conclusions:Adenovirus infection rate in winter and spring is higher than that in summer and autumn, and children aged 3-6 years are susceptible. The detection rate of wheezing children is higher than that of non-wheezing children. Atopic constitution, history of recurrent respiratory tract infections, obesity, premature birth and maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension were the risk factors for children’s wheezing symptoms associated with adenovirus infection.

OBJECTIVES: Heparin is mainly used as an anticoagulant in clinic, and it also has a certain anti-inflammatory effect. At present, after portal vein islet transplantation in diabetic patients, heparin is mainly infused through the peripheral veins of the limbs to achieve the purpose of anticoagulation and protection of the graft, rather than through the portal vein. In this study, animal experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of heparin infusion via the portal vein and marginal ear vein on the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) after portal vein islet transplantation, which is the choice of anticoagulation methods for clinical islet transplantation to provide a basis for decision-making. METHODS: A total of 50 neonatal pigs (Xeno-1 type, 3-5 days) were selected. Islets were isolated and purified from the pancreas of neonatal pigs. Ten non-diabetic Landrace pigs (1.5-2.0 months) served as recipients, and 12 000 IEQ/kg neonatal porcine islets were transplanted into the liver through the portal vein. All recipients received bolus injection of 50 U/kg of heparin 10 minutes before transplantation. After the bolus injection of heparin, the experimental group received heparin via the portal vein [10 U/(kg·h), 5 recipients], and the control group received heparin via the marginal ear vein [10 U/(kg·h), 5 recipients]. The superior vena cava blood was collected from the 2 groups pre-operation at 1, 3, 24 h post-operation of the transplantation. The portal vein blood was collected from the experimental group at 1 and 3 h after the transplantation as well. The levels of complement C3a, C5a, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and D-dimer as well as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in superior vena cava blood from 1 and 3 h post-transplantation were detected in the 2 groups, and the levels of anti-Xa and anti-IIa in the portal vein and superior vena cava blood from 1 and 3 h post-transplantation in the experimental group were detected. Twenty four hours after the transplantation, the liver tissues in the 2 groups were collected for pathological examination to observe the inflammatory cell infiltration and peripheral thrombosis around the islets graft in liver. RESULTS: Before transplantation, there was no statistically significant difference in C3a, C5a, TAT, β-TG, D-dimer levels and APTT between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). At 1 and 3 h after transplantation, the C3a, TAT, and D-dimer levels in the experimental group were significant decreased than those in the control groups (all P<0.05), and at 3 h after transplantation the C5a was significant decreased than that in the control group (P<0.05). At 1 and 3 h after transplantation, the anti-Xa and anti-IIa levels in the portal vein blood were significantly increased than those in the superior vena cava blood in the experimental group (all P<0.05). Pathological results showed the presence of islet cell clusters in the liver blood vessels. The thrombus formation and neutrophil infiltration around islet graft was not obvious in the experimental group, while massive thrombus formation and neutrophil infiltration in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with marginal ear vein infusion of heparin, the direct infusion of heparin in the portal vein has a certain inhibitory effect on complement system, coagulation system activation and inflammatory cell infiltration in portal vein islet transplantation, which may attenuate the occurrence of IBMIR.
Animals ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use* ; Heparin/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology* ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/physiology* ; Portal Vein ; Swine ; Vena Cava, Superior