Objective : To explore the risk factors of prognosis in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia(SCAP) in different age groups. Methods : A multi-center and prospective study was conducted at 11 teaching hospitals in China from December 2017 to October 2021. Patients who met the criteria were assigned to the elderly group(≥65 years) and the non-elderly group(18-64 years) to demonstrate the clinical characteristics of SCAP. Patients were divided into survival group and death group according to whether they died in hospital, to determine the risk factors associated with mortality by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 170 patients with SCAP were included in the study. The age of SCAP was 20-93(65.75±15.23) years old, and the proportion of SCAP in the elderly was 58.82%(100/170). In-hospital mortality of non-elderly SCAP was 24.3%(17/70), and the in-hospital mortality of elderly SCAP was 28%(28/100). Compared with non-elderly group, patients in elderly group had higher severity score and more complications on admission, but the symptoms of fever and respiratory rate at admission were less obvious. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with in-hospital mortality of non-elderly SCAP were pneumonia severity index(PSI) score(P=0.016,OR=1.022, 95%CI1.004-1.041) and invasive mechanical ventilation(P=0.037,OR=4.543, 95%CI1.092-18.898) on admission, and the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly SCAP were sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA) score(P=0.006,OR=1.240, 95%CI1.063-1.446) and combined with coronary artery disease on admission(P=0.037,OR=2.834, 95%CI1.066-7.534). Conclusion In-hospital mortality for SCAP is high. PSI score and invasive mechanical ventilation are risk factors for in-hospital mortality of non-elderly patients with SCAP, and SOFA score and combined with coronary artery disease on admission are risk factors for in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with SCAP.

Objective:To explore the research hotspots and effective promotion paths of post market surveillance and supervise of medical consumables with non-active medical devices.Methods:Data mining methods were used to collect related journal literatures and documents from the websites of China regulatory institutions and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),order sub item data of medical device adverse event reports,extract the MeSH element words of literatures and documents,perform bibliometric analysis and visual display.Results:The number of medical devices adverse event reports in China has been increasing year by year,reaching 694 866 in 2022,in the four statistical years from 2019 to 2022,the number of reports on non-active medical devices and IVD reagents also showed a parallel increasing trend,accounting for about 65.00% of the total number of adverse event reports on medical devices in the year.The bibliometric analysis of journal literature shows that research in this field has received varying degrees of participation from regulatory institutions,universities,medical institutions,and enterprises.Regulatory institutions have contributed 46 articles,accounting for 56.79% of the total number of articles,followed by 28 articles from universities.The co-occurrence analysis shows that hot topic is focused in 5 clusters:quality management,risk management,international experiences discussion and adverse event surveillance and re-evaluation and real-world research.China regulatory institutions attach great importance to post market surveillance and supervise,and have issued more than 20 relevant documents since 2006,focusing on specific topics and gradually deepening around safety and effectiveness.Conclusion:The post market surveillance and supervise of medical devices,especially medical consumables based on non-active medical devices,need to be promoted synchronously in three dimensions:regulatory institutions,medical institutions,and enterprises.Universities,research institutes,and industry organizations should work in coordinating to strengthen the collection,identification,and active surveillance of risk signals based on adverse event surveillance,safety evaluation based on risk management,and conducting real-world research,research and develop risk control and corrective and preventive measures.

Objective To develop a Psychological Birth Trauma Assessment Scale and to test its reliability and validity.Methods Through literature review,semi-structured interview,expert conference,Delphi expert enquiry and preliminary investigation,a pre-test scale was formed.From March to May 2023,postpartum women from 38 hospitals of different levels in 15 provinces(Jiangsu,Anhui,Zhejiang,Fujian,Tibet,and Shanghai,etc.)were conveniently selected for investigation.The sample size of the first-round survey was 547,which was used for reliability and validity test.The sample size of the second-round survey was 550,which was used for confirmatory factor analysis.Results The psychological birth trauma assessment scale consisted of 2 parts,with a total of 29 items in 6 dimensions.The intrapartum feeling part included 4 dimensions,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 63.992％,and the postpartum effect part included 2 dimensions,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 68.208％.The content validity index of the scale was 0.947,and the content validity index of each item was 0.809～1.000.The total score of the scale and the scores of each dimension were significantly negatively correlated with the total score of the calibration scale(r=-0.784～-0.533,P＜0.001).The total Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.941,and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.883.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the main evaluation indicators were all within the acceptable range.Conclusion The Psychological Birth Trauma Assessment Scale has good reliability and validity,and it can be used as an assessment tool for the degree of maternal psychological birth trauma.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with complex etiology. The pathogenesis of this disease， due to a combination of factors， is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Among them， intestinal mucosal barrier damage is the basic pathological change of UC. As a non-destructive response of cells， autophagy regulates intestinal mucosal immunity， inflammation， oxidative stress， and bacterial homeostasis through degradation and reabsorption to actively repair damaged intestinal mucosal barrier， exerting a key role in the occurrence and development of UC. The disease is mainly treated clinically with aminosalicylic acid preparations， glucocorticoids， and immunosuppressants. Western medicine treatment of the disease has a fast onset of effect， and the short-term efficacy is definite， but the long-term application is easy to be accompanied by more adverse reactions. Moreover， some drugs are expensive， bringing great physical and mental pain and economic burden to patients. Therefore， it is urgent to explore new therapies with stable efficacy and mild adverse effects. In recent years， a large number of studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate autophagy of the intestinal mucosa with multiple targets and effects and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier function， thereby inhibiting the development of UC. Many experiments have shown that the active ingredient or monomers and compound formulas of Chinese medicine can improve the immunity of the intestinal mucosa， inflammation， oxidative stress， and flora by regulating the level of autophagy to maintain the normal function of the intestinal mucosal barrier to effectively intervene in UC， providing a new measure for the prevention and treatment of UC. However， there is a lack of systematic review of Chinese medicine in regulating the level of autophagy in the intestinal mucosa for the prevention and treatment of UC. Therefore， based on the current research on UC， autophagy process， and Chinese medicine treatment， this article reviewed the relationship of autophagy and its key target proteins with UC to clarify the key role of autophagy in UC production and systematically summarized Chinese medicines targeting the regulation of autophagy to treat UC in recent years to provide new ideas for the treatment and drug development of UC.

Gastric cancer （GC） is a digestive tract tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissues of the gastric mucosa， seriously affecting the life and health of patients， and its mortality rate ranks the third among malignancies. Although medical technology has made great progress in recent years， the progression of GC still cannot be effectively controlled by surgery， chemotherapy， and targeted therapy. The pathogenesis of GC is extremely complex and is closely related to the tumor microenvironment， chronic inflammation， and immune escape， among which the reduction of tumor cell apoptosis is one of the important mechanisms for the occurrence and development of GC. Apoptosis refers to the process of spontaneous termination of cell life caused by genes under specific physiological or pathological conditions， which is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the internal environment. Researchers have found that in the GC state， mitochondrial endogenous apoptosis， endoplasmic reticulum stress， external death receptors， and other apoptosis pathways are regulated by multiple signaling pathways and genes， which together lead to the decline of GC cell apoptosis rate and thus promote the progression of GC. Chinese medicine is advantageous and characterized by multiple components， multiple targets， synergistic effect， and few adverse reactions. A large number of studies have shown that polysaccharide components， as effective components of Chinese medicine， have biological activities such as cancer inhibition， blood sugar control， anti-inflammation， antioxidant damage， and anti-virus， and can effectively inhibit the deterioration of GC by inducing cell apoptosis， gradually becoming a hot spot in GC drug research and development. However， systematic reviews on the apoptosis of GC induced by Chinese medicine polysaccharides are rarely reported. Therefore， this paper analyzed and summarized the studies of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in promoting apoptosis and interfering with GC， in order to provide a theoretical basis for the basic research， new drug development， and clinical application of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the intervention of GC.

Objective To establish a model for estimating the eye lens dose of the first operator in interventional therapy based on the Monte Carlo simulation, and to provide a scientific basis for the rapid and accurate evaluation of the eye lens dose for radiation workers in interventional therapy. Methods Based on the MIRD phantom and eye model for adult Chinese males, the MCNPX program was used to establish the physical model to calculate the spatial distribution of radiation field and eye lens dose for the first operator. A GR200 Type A LiF (Mg, Cu, P) thermoluminescence dosimeter was used for experimental measurement to verify the simulation results. Results Monte Carlo simulation and experimental measurements showed that the spatial distribution of radiation field was symmetrical. Compared with the measured doses, the errors of the simulated eye lens dose of the first operator were between −8.3% and 7.3%. The dose of the left eye lens was higher than that of the right eye. Conclusion The Monte Carlo model constructed in this study initially realizes the simulation of eye lens dose of the first operator in interventional therapy. In the future, the model will be further optimized based on irradiation parameters such as exposure time, tube voltage, tube current, and projection direction used in clinic practice, so as to more accurately evaluate the eye lens dose of interventional therapy staff.

Objective:To investigate the pharmacokinetics of cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed following intrathecal injection chemotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from lung adenocarcinoma and provide a basis for clinical intrathecal injection chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 21 patients with lung adenocarcinoma LM who underwent pemetrexed intrathecal injection chemotherapy via Ommaya capsule at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Aiffilitated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from November 2019 to November 2022 were collected, and divided into 30, 40 and 50 mg groups ( n=10, n=4, n=7) according to pemetrexed dose. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the first intrathecal injection chemotherapy, and day 8 of each cycle for three groups. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, to clarify the drug-related pharmacokinetic parameters, and to compare the differences in pemetrexed concentration among groups. Finally, cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed concentration changes were observed and compared after different intrathecal injection chemotherapy cycles. Results:There were statistically significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations of patients in three groups at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the first intrathecal injection chemotherapy (30 mg group: F=20.56, P<0.001; 40 mg group: F=27.06, P<0.001; 50 mg group: F=28.63, P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences in the concentration of cerebrospinal fluid drugs in each dose group at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 h compared to 0 h after intrathecal injection chemotherapy (all P<0.05). Compared to the 30 mg group, cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations in the 50 mg group increased at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after intrathecal injection chemotherapy, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Pharmacokinetic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed showed that area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 0-∞ of the 30, 40 and 50 mg groups were (5 696.12±283.32), (7 886.29±396.57), and (14 202.70±440.19) h·mg/L, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=1 159.00, P<0.001) ; AUC 0-∞ increased in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 and 40 mg groups (both P<0.05) ; AUC 0-∞ increased in the 40 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). The half-lives of three groups were (8.75±0.23), (11.29±0.59) and (16.42±1.23) h, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=206.80, P<0.001) ; half-life was longer in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 and 40 mg groups (both P<0.05) ; half-life was longer in the 40 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). The peak time of three groups were (1.55±0.10), (1.00±0.01), (1.43±0.11) h, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=48.11, P<0.001) ; the peak time was shorter in the 40 and 50 mg groups compared to the 30 mg group (both P<0.05). Clearance of three groups were (7.02±2.46), (5.80±1.25) and (3.66±1.32) L/h, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=6.02, P=0.009) ; clearance was decreased in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). The peak concentration of three groups were (540.45±32.25), (820.75±46.47) and (1 014.78±64.96) mg/L, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=207.70, P<0.001) ; peak concentration increased in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 and 40 mg groups (both P<0.05) ; peak concentration increased in the 40 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations were dynamically monitored after 4 cycles of intrathecal injection chemotherapy, in which cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed concentrations in 30 mg group were (13.76±4.79), (11.41±7.08), (9.41±2.59) and (7.86±4.02) mg/L, respectively; 40 mg group were (14.45±6.59), (12.87±15.73), (11.24±2.48) and (9.09±3.38) mg/L, respectively; 50 mg group were (12.94±10.34), (9.72±7.62), (8.15±8.17) and (4.34±4.21) mg/L, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations among different intrathecal injection chemotherapy cycles in 30 mg group ( F=4.04, P=0.016), and the cerebrospinal fluid drug concentration decreased in cycles 3 and 4 compared to cycle 1 (both P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations among different treatment cycles in 40 and 50 mg groups ( F=0.28, P=0.837; F=3.57, P=0.066) . Conclusion:Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method can effectively detect the pemetrexed concentration in cerebrospinal fluid; dynamic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed concentration can provide a basis for the dosage and the treatment cycle of intrathecal injection chemotherapy in LM patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the effect of CHI3L1 on the biological function of chondrocytes and its role in lumbar facet joint degeneration.Methods:The human lumbar facet joint articular cartilage were collected, and the relative mRNA expression of CHI3L1 gene detected by quantitative fluorescence PCR. Then explored the correlation between joint degeneration and gender, age and relative mRNA expression of CHI3L1. Human chondrocytes were cultured in vitro. The effects of CHI3L1 on chondrocyte proliferation, cycling, and apoptosis, as well as expression of related inflammatory factors, were investigated. The mechanism by which CHI3L1 regulates the degeneration of articular cartilage was investigated using the signal transduction pathway protein chip.Results:There was a positive correlation between the grade of degeneration in lumbar facet joint and the relative expression of CHI3L1 gene mRNA ( r=0.76, P<0.001). There was no correlation with the patient's gender ( r=-0.12, P=0.500). A positive correlation between the age of patients and the relative expression of CHI3L1 gene mRNA was found ( r=0.47, P=0.005). Compared with the non-degenerative group, the expression of CHI3L1 gene mRNA significantly increased in the degenerative group, and the expression of CHI3L1 gradually increased with the aggravation in the grade of degeneration ( F=18.90, P<0.001). Compared with the non-degenerative group, the chondrocytes in the CHI3L1 group had significantly lower proliferation at 48 h (OD 490/fold=7.132), 72 h (OD 490/fold=4.803), 96 h (OD 490/fold=2.431) and 120 h (OD 490/fold=0.009). The ratio of chondrocytes in G1 phase, S phase and G2/M phase were 85.03%±3.05%, 12.78%±2.29% and 0.90%±0.76% in the CHI3L1 group, and 73.93%±2.73%, 22.81%±1.93% and 0.99%±0.87% in control group, respectively. There were significant differences in the percentage of chondrocytes in G1 phase ( t=4.70, P<0.001) and S phase ( t=5.80, P<0.001) between the two groups. The percentages of apoptosis in chondrocyte in CHI3L1 group and control group were 8.64%±0.76% and 5.68%±1.13%, which has a statistically difference ( t=4.47, P<0.001). The expression of IL-6 in chondrocytes of CHI3L1 group was 49.60±0.01 pg/ml, which was higher than that of 47.88±0.01 pg/ml in the control group ( t=132.70, P<0.001). The expression of TNF-α was 95.93±0.02 pg/ml, which was higher than 90.69±0.02 pg/ml in the control group ( t=376.10, P<0.001). There was significant difference in expression of IL-6 in chondrocytes between the CHI3L1 group and the control group ( t=132.72, P<0.001). The expression of TNF-α ( t=376.10, P<0.001) was statistically difference. Protein chip detected 53 proteins with significant differences in expression and 43 proteins with significant differences in protein phosphorylation levels. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify 16 signaling pathways in which the above different proteins might be involved, including ErbB, PI3K, Akt, Ras, JAK, STAT3, MAPK pathway. In the MAPK pathway, the expression of MAPK1 and RAF1 proteins was higher in the chondrocytes of the CHI3L1 group than in the control group (1.094±0.00 vs. 0.814±0.00, 0.988±0.00 vs. 0.786±0.00; t=103.16, P<0.001; t=54.32, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the expression of MAPK1 and RAF1 proteins was significantly increased in the chondrocytes of the CHI3L1 group. Conclusion:The expression of CHI3L1 is corrected to articular cartilage degeneration. CHI3L1 is able to inhibit the proliferation of articular chondrocytes, which regulated the cycling of chondrocytes from G1 phase to S phase, promote the apoptosis of chondrocytes, and promote the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in chondrocytes. Regulation of chondrocytes biological function through the MAPK pathway, which is a potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lumbar joint degeneration.

Objective:To investigate the clinical pathological features of primary pulmonary and tracheal glomus tumors.Methods:The clinical and pathological features of 11 cases (4 cases from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China and 7 cases from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China) of respiratory glomus tumor diagnosed from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed, and reviewed in light of the relevant literature.Results:In the 11 cases, there were 5 males and 6 females, with the onset ages of 29?66 years (median age of 43). Six tumors were located in the lung, and 5 in the trachea. The tumor diameters ranged 1.0?7.5 cm, with the average diameter of 2.6 cm. At low magnification, the tumors were diffuse or lobulated in shape. The tumor cells composed of sheets of oval to short spindle cells, with sharply defined cell border and prominent branching thin-walled vessels. Among the 4 benign glomus tumors, one was classified as benign symplastic glomus tumor owing to the hyperchromatic or degeneration nuclei. Two cases were classified as glomus tumors of uncertain malignant potential, on the account of cellular atypia and rare atypical mitotic figures. Five cases were classified as malignant glomus tumors, owing to the tumor necrosis, vascular invasion, marked nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli and brisk mitoses (2-20/10HPF) including pathological mitotic figures. The tumor cells showed strong immunostaining for SMA, vimentin, type Ⅳ collagen and caldesmon to different extents, while CD34, cytokeratin and S-100 stains were negative. One of the cases was positive for desmin, and one case positive for synaptophysin. Follow-up information was available in 8 patients with the duration ranging from 6 to 95 months. At the end of the follow-up, 6 patients were alive without recurrence or metastasis, and two of the patients with malignant glomus tumors died.Conclusions:Primary pulmonary and tracheal glomus tumors is rare. Among the reported cases, malignant glomus tumor is the most frequent, followed by benign glomus tumors and uncertain malignant potential glomus tumors. Glomus tumors show sheet-like growth pattern and clusters of round epithelioid cells with numerous vascular spaces. They can be easily misdiagnosed as carcinoid tumor. The final diagnosis should be combined with immunohistochemical staining, such as SMA, caldesmon and vimentin.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of superb microvascular imaging ( SM I ) , advanced dynamic flow ( ADF ) and color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFI) in breast microcarcinoma ,and to compare the correlation coefficients between these three indicators and postoperative pathological tumor microvascular density ( M VD ) . Methods A total of 85 patients ( 87 lesions ) with BI‐RADS 4 and the maximum diameter≤1 cm were selected ,of which ,46 lesions were benign ( benign group) and 41 lesions were malignant( malignant group) . All the patients and the corresponding lesions were examined by SM I , ADF and CDFI . Blood flow grading was performed on the images using Adler grade of blood flow ,and the difference of blood flow among the 3 methods was compared . T he expression level of M VD in pathological tumor tissues was detected and analyzed for its correlation with Adler classification by three detection techniques . Results T he areas under the ROC curve( AUR) of CDFI ,ADF and SM I were 0 .694 ,0 .705 and 0 .776 respectively based on the gold standard with pathological diagnosis . T he sensitivity ,specificity , positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,and accuracy of CDFI were 78 .0% ,54 .3% ,60 .4% , 73 .5% ,and 65 .5% , respectively ; those of ADF were 75 .6% , 60 .9% , 63 .3% , 73 .7% and 67 .8% , respectively ; and those of SM I were 78 .0% ,69 .6% ,69 .6% ,78 .0% and 73 .6% ,respectively . T he Adler grades of CDFI , ADF and SM I were positively correlated with M VD ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) , w hich the highest correlation coefficient between SM I and M VD ( r ＝0 .430 , P ＜0 .001 ) . Conclusions SM I is superior to ADF and CDFI in detecting the abundance of breast microcarcinoma , and has the highest correlation coefficient among those 3 detection techniques with tumor pathological M VD ,which indicates that SM I may be used for differential diagnosis of breast microcarcinoma and indirectly evaluate the prognosis of patients .