OBJECTIVE To prepare an intelligent responsive liposome-hydrogel nanopreparation co-loaded with gambogic acid （GA）， and characterize its antitumor activity in vitro . METHODS GA-ICG-Lip-gel was prepared by ethanol injection and cold dissolution， incorporating GA and the photosensitizer indocyanine green （ICG）. The appearance and microscopic morphology of GA-ICG-Lip-gel were observed， its encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity were measured， and its photothermal conversion performance， photothermal stability， and infrared imaging properties were investigated， along with the determination of its in vitro release profile. Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were used as objects to investigate the effects of GA-ICG-Lip-gel （or with near-infrared light irradiation） on cell viability， migration ability， and the cellular uptake capacity of GA-ICG-Lip-gel. RESULTS GA-ICG-Lip-gel existed in a solution state at room temperature and transformed into a gel state at 37 ℃. Its microstructure was dense with small pores， and its encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were （96.07±0.86） % and （6.28±1.16） %， respectively. After exposure to near-infrared light， the temperature of GA-ICG-Lip-gel rose above 42 ℃， with no significant attenuation observed in the heating curve. The heating efficiency was dependent on both the irradiation time and drug concentration. Compared to media without gelatinase， the cumulative release rate of GA-ICG-Lip-gel increased in media containing gelatinase. In vitro studies showed that GA-ICG-Lip-gel could be efficiently taken up by MCF-7 cells； GA-ICG-Lip-gel significantly inhibited the viability and migration ability of MCF-7 cells （ P ＜0.05）， and this inhibitory effect was further enhanced under near-infrared light irradiation. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully prepares GA-ICG-Lip-gel， which exhibits favorable photothermal conversion properties and temperature/enzyme dual-responsive drug release characteristics， and demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.

Zika virus(ZIKV),a flavivirus transmitted primarily through the bites of Aedes mosquitoes,led to a major public health crisis in the 2015 Brazilian outbreak.The World Health Organization(WHO)subsequently designated the Brazilian ZIKV epi-demic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)in 2016,because of its devastating consequences.Congenital Zika syndrome(CZS),a distinctive constellation of teratogenic effects caused by intrauterine ZIKV infection,is characterized by mi-crocephaly,ocular lesions,cortical calcifications,congenital contractures,and multisystem developmental anomalies.CZS poses sub-stantial risks to neonatal survival and long-term health outcomes.Despite containment efforts,ZIKV remains prevalent across multiple endemic regions,thus underscoring persistent threats to maternal-fetal health.Systematic longitudinal monitoring of CZS cohorts,inte-grated with interdisciplinary approaches bridging clinical assessments and mechanistic studies,is imperative to elucidate the pathogen-esis and advance therapeutic strategies.To inform future investigations and identify novel research directions in CZS pathobiology,this review synthesizes recent advances in three key domains:clinical characterization of CZS manifestations,development of CZS animal models,and breakthroughs in molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV-induced teratogenesis.

AIM:This study explores whether curcumin(Cur)promotes mitophagy to attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice,as well as the possible molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS:A high-fat and high-cholesterol diet was used to replicate the NASH mouse model.Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,high-fat and high-cholesterol model(M)group,M+low-dose Cur(Cur-L)group,and M+high-dose Cur(Cur-H)group,with 8 mice in each group.The weight of 8 mice in each group was recorded weekly.After feeding for 18 weeks,the serum and liver of mice were collected.Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and tumor necrosis factors-α(TNF-α)were measured.Liver index was calculated,and steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis of the liver were observed by HE and Masson staining.Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expression of mi-tophagy-related protein,TNF-α and α-SMA in the liver.(2)HepG2 cells were treated with oleic acid and cholesterol to replicate the hepatocyte injury model,which was divided into NC group,Cur group,M group,and M+Cur group.Small interfering RNA for PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1)knockdown was used to explore the relationship between PINK1-me-diated mitophagy and NASH.Compound C(CC)was used to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)to explore the effect of the AMPK/silent information regulator 1(Sirt1)pathway on mitophagy.The lipid droplets of HepG2 cells were ob-served by oil red O staining,and the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,and AST in cell suspension were detected.RE-SULTS:(1)Compared with M group,treatment with Cur significantly reduced the body weight,liver coefficient,and se-rum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,and TNF-α in NASH mice,while the steatosis and fibrosis in the liver were improved(P<0.05).(2)Different concentrations of Cur could increase or decrease the expression of mitophagy-related proteins in HepG2 cells in a concentration gradient.Compared with the M group,Cur reduced lipid droplets and de-creased TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,and AST levels(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the NC group,the expression levels of mi-tophagy-related proteins in the liver of mice in the M group decreased,and the expression levels of TNF-α and α-SMA pro-teins increased.Different concentrations of Cur intervention promoted the increase of mitophagy-related proteins and the decrease of TNF-α and α-SMA proteins(P<0.05).(4)After Cur intervention,the expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins increased and the expression levels of in TNF-α and α-SMA levels decreased in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and cholesterol(P<0.05).(5)Compared with M group,oleic-acidand cholesterol-induced mitophagy function in HepG2 cells was decreased after PINK1 knockdown(P<0.05).After CC inhibited AMPK,Cur increased the expression of p-AMPK(P<0.01),Sirt1(P<0.01),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(P>0.05),PINK1(P<0.01)and parkin(P<0.01)proteins to some extent.CONCLUSION:Treatment with Cur attenuates liver injury in NASH mice and reduces lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and cholesterol,and the mechanism may be related to promotion of mitophagy,which may involve the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.

Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae is an important marine economic fish species in northern China and is vulnerable to various pathogens during the breeding process.To investigate the viru-lence of Edwardsiella tarda on Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae and elucidate the role of miRNAs in their interaction,we conducted pathological analyses on various tissues of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae larvae pre-and post-infection with Edwardsiella tarda.Subsequently,Illumina high-throughput sequencing was employed to identify and functionally characterize differentially ex-pressed miRNAs in liver and kidney tissues.The results demonstrated that infection with Ed-wardsiella tarda led to ulceration,hemorrhaging,significant hepatomegaly,nephromegaly,and as-cites in the abdominal cavity.Histopathological examination revealed swollen hepatocytes with vac-uolization,minor blood cell infiltration,and enlarged renal corpuscles with signs of cellular lysis.miRNA sequencing analysis indicated that 24 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 45 miR-NAs were significantly downregulated in the liver,while in the kidney,6 miRNAs were upregulat-ed and 58 were downregulated following infection.Functional enrichment analysis revealed signifi-cant enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs in Toll and IMD signaling pathways,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Rap1 signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,and Apelin signaling path-way.These findings suggest the involvement of these miRNAs in host metabolism,pathogen rec-ognition,and immune response in the interaction between Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae and Ed-wardsiella tarda.This research lays a foundation for elucidating the mechanisms underlying bacte-rial disease susceptibility and resistance in Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae.

Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae is an important marine economic fish species in northern China and is vulnerable to various pathogens during the breeding process.To investigate the viru-lence of Edwardsiella tarda on Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae and elucidate the role of miRNAs in their interaction,we conducted pathological analyses on various tissues of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae larvae pre-and post-infection with Edwardsiella tarda.Subsequently,Illumina high-throughput sequencing was employed to identify and functionally characterize differentially ex-pressed miRNAs in liver and kidney tissues.The results demonstrated that infection with Ed-wardsiella tarda led to ulceration,hemorrhaging,significant hepatomegaly,nephromegaly,and as-cites in the abdominal cavity.Histopathological examination revealed swollen hepatocytes with vac-uolization,minor blood cell infiltration,and enlarged renal corpuscles with signs of cellular lysis.miRNA sequencing analysis indicated that 24 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 45 miR-NAs were significantly downregulated in the liver,while in the kidney,6 miRNAs were upregulat-ed and 58 were downregulated following infection.Functional enrichment analysis revealed signifi-cant enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs in Toll and IMD signaling pathways,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Rap1 signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,and Apelin signaling path-way.These findings suggest the involvement of these miRNAs in host metabolism,pathogen rec-ognition,and immune response in the interaction between Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae and Ed-wardsiella tarda.This research lays a foundation for elucidating the mechanisms underlying bacte-rial disease susceptibility and resistance in Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae.

Zika virus(ZIKV),a flavivirus transmitted primarily through the bites of Aedes mosquitoes,led to a major public health crisis in the 2015 Brazilian outbreak.The World Health Organization(WHO)subsequently designated the Brazilian ZIKV epi-demic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)in 2016,because of its devastating consequences.Congenital Zika syndrome(CZS),a distinctive constellation of teratogenic effects caused by intrauterine ZIKV infection,is characterized by mi-crocephaly,ocular lesions,cortical calcifications,congenital contractures,and multisystem developmental anomalies.CZS poses sub-stantial risks to neonatal survival and long-term health outcomes.Despite containment efforts,ZIKV remains prevalent across multiple endemic regions,thus underscoring persistent threats to maternal-fetal health.Systematic longitudinal monitoring of CZS cohorts,inte-grated with interdisciplinary approaches bridging clinical assessments and mechanistic studies,is imperative to elucidate the pathogen-esis and advance therapeutic strategies.To inform future investigations and identify novel research directions in CZS pathobiology,this review synthesizes recent advances in three key domains:clinical characterization of CZS manifestations,development of CZS animal models,and breakthroughs in molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV-induced teratogenesis.

Objective To explore the application of artificial intelligence quantitative analysis in the prognostic assessment of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease(CTD-ILD).Methods A total of 67 patients with CTD-ILD were retrospectively selected.All subjects underwent high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)scanning and were categorized into three groups,namely mild,moderate and severe groups,based on the results of pulmonary function tests.The survival rates of patients in each group were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and analysis of variance.The univariate analysis was employed to assess the rela-tionships between artificial intelligence parameters and patient prognosis.Significant results were then incorporated into a multifacto-rial Cox regression model to construct the most accurate predictive model.Results A significant difference in survival rate was observed among the three groups(P<0.05).Univariate analysis revealed that the volume and percentage of lung infection in deceased patients were significantly greater than those in surviving patients,while the lung volume in deceased patients was significantly smaller than that in surviving patients.The analysis showed left lung volume and the percentage of lesion components CT value≤-750 HU as risk factors for prognosis,and the combination of these two factors as the most effective predictive model.Conclusion The artificial intelligence analysis system for lung lesions provides a new systematic and quantitative method for the prognostic assessment of CTD-ILD patients,which can be used for the prognostic assessment and follow-up of CTD-ILD patients.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of nasal pleomorphic adenoma and to share clinical insights into its diagnosis and treatment.Methods:This was a case series study. Clinical data of 12 patients with nasal pleomorphic adenoma, confirmed by histopathology, admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2014 to 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. This cohort included 3 males and 9 females, aged 12-84 years old. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, imaging features, pathological features, treatment methods and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 12 patients with nasal pleomorphic adenoma, the most common symptom was nasal obstruction (8 cases), and the most common site was nasal septum (7 cases). Of the 12 patients, 9 had benign tumors, and 3 had malignant tumors. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 10 months to 9 years. One benign case recurred at 5 years after surgery and was left untreated after recurrence. The remaining 11 cases had shown no recurrence to date.Conclusions:Nasal pleomorphic adenoma is rare in clinical practice, typically occurring in the nasal septum. The primary symptom is nasal obstruction. Diagnosis is primarily based on histopathology, and surgical resection is the primary treatment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Mongolian medicine Sendeng-4 based on qualitative and quantitative analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition， in order to provide the reference for its quality control. METHODS The chemical components in Sendeng-4 were analyzed qualitatively by HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS. The contents of 16 components （methyl gallate， ethyl gallate， epicatechin， dihydromyricetin， genipin-1-O-β-D-gentiobioside， caffeic acid， catechin， corilagin， deacetylasperulosidic acid methyl ester， rutin， geniposide， luteolin， myricetin， quercetin， ferulic acid， and toosendanin） in 15 batches of Sendeng-4 （sample S1-S15） were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were conducted and variable importance projection （VIP） value greater than 1 was used as the index to screen the differential components. RESULTS A total of 73 chemical components were identified in Sendeng-4， including 20 flavonoids， 16 tannins， 14 organic acids， etc. According to the quantitative analysis， the results exhibited that the average contentsthe of above 16 components in 15 batches of Sendeng-4 were 3.683-7.730， 2.391-6.952， 2 275.538-4 377.491， 2 699.188-3 537.924， 858.266-1 377.393， 3.366-11.003， 140.624-315.683，414.629-978.334， 285.501-1 510.457， 27.799-48.325， 3 625.415-6 309.563， 0.506-0.656， 442.337-649.283， 47.093-59.736， 12.942-15.822， 127.738-326.649 μg/g， respectively. According to the results of CA and PCA， 15 batches of samples could be clustered into two categories: S1-S3， S5-S6， S9-S10 and S13 were clustered into one category； S4， S7-S8， S11-S12， S14-S15 were clustered into one category. VIP values of geniposide， epicatechin， deacetylasperulosidic acid methyl ester and genipin-1-O- β-D-gentiobioside were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and HPLC-MS/MS techniques are employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Sendeng-4. Through chemical pattern recognition analysis， four differential components are identified: geniposide， epicatechin， deacetylasperulosidic acid methyl ester， and genipin-1-O-β-D-gentiobioside.

Objective : To investigate the antagonistic activity of Lactococcus garvieae SHAMU-LG6 against Staphy- lococcus . Methods : VITEK 2 GP identification card , Microflex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer and 16S rDNA amplification sequencing were used to identify the strain species . The antagonistic activity of L. garvieae SHAMU- LG6 against different Staphylococcus was detected by Oxford cup method for bacterial inhibition ; the antimicrobial active components were preliminarily isolated and purified by adsorption on XAD16 nonionic macroporous resin , gradient ethanol elution and rotary evaporation drying. Results : L. garvieae SHAMU-LG6 exhibited potent antago- nistic effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-susceptible S. aureus , S. epidermidis , S. saprophyticus , S. lugdunensis , S. hominis , S. capitis and S. warneri , with inhibitory indices of 3 . 3 , 3 . 0 , 4. 3 , 2. 0 , 4. 0 , 3 . 5 , 3 . 8 , and 3 . 5 , respectively. The antimicrobial active components produced by L. garvieae SHAMU-LG6 were mainly present in 70% and 80% ethanol eluates . Conclusion L. garvieae SHAMU-LG6 ex- hibits a potent antagonistic effect on Staphylococcus , and the antimicrobial active components produced by it are ex- pected to be a lead compound for the development of novel antimicrobial agents .