Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features, risk factors, and prognosis of childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis (TAK) with pulmonary artery involvement.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 107 pediatric patients who were initially diagnosed with childhood-onset TAK at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Capital Center for Children′s Health, Capital Medical Universiy, from January 2010 to December 2024. Clinical data, including demographic information, imaging features, treatment regimens, and prognosis were collected. Patients were divided into with and without pulmonary artery involvement groups. Intergroup comparisons were performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for pulmonary artery involvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis with Log-Rank testing was used for survival analyze.Results:Among 107 children with TAK, 26 were male, 81 were female, with a diagnosis age of 88 (5, 137) months. Sixteen cases were in the pulmonary artery involvement group and 91 cases in the non-pulmonary artery involvement group. The pulmonary artery involvement group was predominantly female (14 cases), with a diagnosis age of 39 (4, 104) months. The pulmonary artery involvement group had higher incidence rates of fatigue,pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure,superior mesenteric artery involvement,as well as higher neutrophil counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (all P<0.05). Hemoglobin was lower in the pulmonary artery involvement group ( P<0.05). Imaging findings revealed that all 16 children in the pulmonary artery involvement group showed signs of pulmonary arterial wall thickening. Other manifestations included dilation in 2 cases, stenosis in 2 cases, and occlusion in 1 case. Unilateral involvement (12 cases) was more common, and the right pulmonary artery (10 cases) was more frequently affected. Independent risk factors for pulmonary artery involvement in childhood-onset TAK patients included superior mesenteric artery involvement ( OR=5.58, 95% CI 1.41-22.10, P=0.014) and elevated CRP levels ( OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, P=0.027). During a follow-up of 3.9 (1.4,8.1) years, 2 patients with pulmonary artery involvement (all with pulmonary hypertension), among the survivors in the pulmonary artery involvement group, 2 cases still exhibited persistent pulmonary artery dilation, and one case had pulmonary artery occlusion; and 6 patients (6.6%) without pulmonary artery involvement died. Patients with pulmonary artery involvement had significantly lower survival rates compared to those without involvement ( P=0.024). Conclusions:Childhood-onset TAK with pulmonary artery involvement has an insidious clinical presentation, and can progress to pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery occlusion, and a significantly reduced survival rate. Patients with mesenteric artery involvement or elevated CRP have higher risks of pulmonary artery involvement, requiring close pulmonary vascular monitoring and early intervention to improve prognosis.

Objective To systematically analyze the current status of judicial adjudication in medical-injury cases involving shortened survival,identify core issues in forensic identification and adjudication,and propose targeted improvements.Methods We searched China Judgments Online for 88 effective judgments and conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses across four dimensions:patient baseline characteristics,forensic identification procedures,trial process,and adjudicative outcomes.Results The judicial support rate for shortened survival claims was 25％.Marked practice divergences were observed:only 28.4％of cases explicitly cited authoritative survival statistics as the scientific basis for opinions;four compensation-calculation approaches were identified with inconsistent standards;the second-instance reversal rate reached 20％.Conclusion It is necessary to develop a unified technical specification for forensic identification of shortened survival,establish scientifically grounded compensation-calculation models,and strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration mechanisms to enhance the credibility of adjudication.

Objective To systematically analyze the current status of judicial adjudication in medical-injury cases involving shortened survival,identify core issues in forensic identification and adjudication,and propose targeted improvements.Methods We searched China Judgments Online for 88 effective judgments and conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses across four dimensions:patient baseline characteristics,forensic identification procedures,trial process,and adjudicative outcomes.Results The judicial support rate for shortened survival claims was 25％.Marked practice divergences were observed:only 28.4％of cases explicitly cited authoritative survival statistics as the scientific basis for opinions;four compensation-calculation approaches were identified with inconsistent standards;the second-instance reversal rate reached 20％.Conclusion It is necessary to develop a unified technical specification for forensic identification of shortened survival,establish scientifically grounded compensation-calculation models,and strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration mechanisms to enhance the credibility of adjudication.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features, risk factors, and prognosis of childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis (TAK) with pulmonary artery involvement.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 107 pediatric patients who were initially diagnosed with childhood-onset TAK at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Capital Center for Children′s Health, Capital Medical Universiy, from January 2010 to December 2024. Clinical data, including demographic information, imaging features, treatment regimens, and prognosis were collected. Patients were divided into with and without pulmonary artery involvement groups. Intergroup comparisons were performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for pulmonary artery involvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis with Log-Rank testing was used for survival analyze.Results:Among 107 children with TAK, 26 were male, 81 were female, with a diagnosis age of 88 (5, 137) months. Sixteen cases were in the pulmonary artery involvement group and 91 cases in the non-pulmonary artery involvement group. The pulmonary artery involvement group was predominantly female (14 cases), with a diagnosis age of 39 (4, 104) months. The pulmonary artery involvement group had higher incidence rates of fatigue,pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure,superior mesenteric artery involvement,as well as higher neutrophil counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (all P<0.05). Hemoglobin was lower in the pulmonary artery involvement group ( P<0.05). Imaging findings revealed that all 16 children in the pulmonary artery involvement group showed signs of pulmonary arterial wall thickening. Other manifestations included dilation in 2 cases, stenosis in 2 cases, and occlusion in 1 case. Unilateral involvement (12 cases) was more common, and the right pulmonary artery (10 cases) was more frequently affected. Independent risk factors for pulmonary artery involvement in childhood-onset TAK patients included superior mesenteric artery involvement ( OR=5.58, 95% CI 1.41-22.10, P=0.014) and elevated CRP levels ( OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, P=0.027). During a follow-up of 3.9 (1.4,8.1) years, 2 patients with pulmonary artery involvement (all with pulmonary hypertension), among the survivors in the pulmonary artery involvement group, 2 cases still exhibited persistent pulmonary artery dilation, and one case had pulmonary artery occlusion; and 6 patients (6.6%) without pulmonary artery involvement died. Patients with pulmonary artery involvement had significantly lower survival rates compared to those without involvement ( P=0.024). Conclusions:Childhood-onset TAK with pulmonary artery involvement has an insidious clinical presentation, and can progress to pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery occlusion, and a significantly reduced survival rate. Patients with mesenteric artery involvement or elevated CRP have higher risks of pulmonary artery involvement, requiring close pulmonary vascular monitoring and early intervention to improve prognosis.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Background: There is an urgent need to find reliable and rapid bovine tuberculosis (bTB) diagnostics in response to the rising prevalence of bTB worldwide. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes components of bTB and initiates antigen-presenting cells to mediate humoral immunity. Evaluating the affinity of antigens with TLR2 can form the basis of a new method for the diagnosis of bTB based on humoral immunity. Objectives: To develop a reliable and rapid strategy to improve diagnostic tools for bTB. Methods: In this study, we expressed and purified the sixteen bTB-specific recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The two antigenic proteins, MPT70 and MPT83, which were most valuable for serological diagnosis of bTB were screened. Molecular docking technology was used to analyze the affinity of MPT70, MPT83, dominant epitope peptide of MPT70 (M1), and dominant epitope peptide MPT83 (M2) with TLR2, combined with the detection results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the molecular docking effect. Results: The results showed that interaction surface Cα-atom root mean square deviation of proteins (M1, M2, MPT70, MPT83)-TLR2 protein are less than 2.5 A, showing a high affinity.It is verified by clinical serum samples that MPT70, MPT83, MPT70-MPT83 showed good diagnostic potential for the detection of anti-bTB IgG and M1, M2 can replace the whole protein as the detection antigen. Conclusions Molecular docking to evaluate the affinity of bTB protein and TLR2 combined with ELISA provides new insights for the diagnosis of bTB.

The transcription factor nuclear factor of kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is expressed in brown adipocytes, but its role remains largely unknown in the cells. This issue was addressed in current study by examining NF-κB in brown adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. NF-κB activity was increased by differentiation of brown adipocytes through elevation of p65 (RelA) expression. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was induced by the cold stimulation with an elevation in S276 phosphorylation of p65 protein. Inactivation of NF-κB in brown adipocytes made the knockout mice [uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1)-CreER-p65^f/f, U-p65-KO] intolerant to the cold environment. The brown adipocytes exhibited an increase in apoptosis, a decrease in cristae density and uncoupling activity in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of p65-KO mice. The alterations became severer after cold exposure of the KO mice. The brown adipocytes of mice with NF-κB activation (p65 overexpression, p65-OE) exhibited a set of opposite alterations with a reduction in apoptosis, an increase in cristae density and uncoupling activity. In mechanism, NF-κB inhibited expression of the adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) in the control of apoptosis. Data suggest that NF-κB activity is increased in brown adipocytes by differentiation and cold stimulation to protect the cells from apoptosis through down-regulation of ANT2 expression.

OBJECTIVE：To pre pare Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified docetaxel magnetic nanoparticles （GA-DTX-NGO/IONP- NPs），and to evaluate its physicochemical properties. METHODS ：Magnetic nano graphene oxide （NGO/IONP）was chosen as the anti-tumor drug carrier ，docetaxel（DTX）as the model drug and glycyrrhetinic acid （GA）as the target molecule. Firstly ，NGO/ IONP was synthesized by hydrothermal method and GA-CS was synthesized by amidation reaction. Fourier IR spectrometer ，DSC and vibration sample magnetic measuring instrument were used to characterize NGO/IONP and GA-CS. GA-DTX-NGO/IONP-NPs Huperzine A in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alleviates Aβ -induced 1-42 treatment of Alzheimer ’s disease and vascular dementia ：a neurotoxicity via downregulation of p 38 and JNK MAPK meta-analysis[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med ， signaling pathways[J]. Neurochem Int ，2018. DOI ：10. 2014. DOI ：10.1155/2014/363985. 1016/j.neuint.2018.09.005. were prepared by the ion gelation method. TEM and particle size analyzer were used to observe and determine the morphology ， particle size and Zeta potential of GA-DTX-NGO/IONP-NPs ；the ultrafiltration-centrifugation method was used to determine encapsulation efficiency and drug loading amount ；the magnetic properties were investigated by investigating the state with or without external magnetic field ；the photothermal conversion test was carried out with laser irradiation of 808 nm. RESULTS ：NGO/ IONP and GA-CS were successfully synthesized ，and NGO/IONP exhibited superparamagnetism characteristics. GA-DTX-NGO/ IONP-NPs were spherical under TEM ，the particle size was （262.8±4.23）nm and the Zeta potential was （13.6±1.51）mV. The encapsulation rate and drug loading amount were （94.29±0.50）％ and（17.12±0.12）％，respectively. GA-DTX-NGO/IONP-NPs were black in appearance and evenly dispersed. Under the external magnetic field ，the magnetic nanoparticles could move directionally，showing good magnetic properties. GA-DTX-NGO/IONP-NPs showed a good concentration- and time-dependent photothermal conversion effect under 808 nm laser irradiation. CONCLUSIONS ：GA-DTX-NGO/IONP-NPs are successfully prepared. This study could provide some theoretical basis for the combined treatment of magnetic heating-chemotherapy for liver tumors.