Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of bronchial artery chemoembolization (BACE) combined with anlotinib (BACE+A) versus BACE alone in patients with stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:A total of 94 patients with advanced NSCLC treated at six interventional centers between November 2020 and November 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into the BACE+A group ( n=46) and the BACE alone group ( n=48) based on treatment regimen. Baseline and perioperative clinical data were collected and compared between the two groups. Treatment response was evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) at 1, 6, and 12 months after the first BACE procedure. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare median OS and PFS between groups. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing OS and PFS. Results:The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median OS was significantly longer in the BACE+A group (18.8 months, 95% CI 16.3-21.3) than in the BACE group (13.4 months, 95% CI 11.6-15.2) ( P=0.001). The median PFS was also significantly longer in the BACE+A group (9.0 months, 95% CI 7.3-10.7) compared to the BACE group (6.1 months, 95% CI 4.9-7.3) ( P=0.001). At 6 and 12 months post-first BACE, the ORR (43.5%, 40.0%) and DCR (89.1%, 83.3%) were significantly higher in the BACE+A group than in the BACE group (ORR: 20.8%, 14.8%; DCR: 66.7%, 59.3%) (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression identified treatment with BACE+A ( HR=0.42, 95% CI 0.27-0.72, P=0.002), tumor stage ( HR=1.80, 95% CI 1.05-3.07, P=0.031), presence of pre-existing complications requiring intervention ( HR=2.72, 95% CI 1.65-4.50, P<0.001), and >2 BACE procedures ( HR=0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.68, P=0.003) as independent factors influencing OS. Treatment with BACE+A ( HR=0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.76, P=0.001), tumor stage ( HR=1.72, 95% CI 1.07-2.77, P=0.025), multi-arterial tumor blood supply ( HR=2.76, 95% CI 1.76-4.31, P<0.001), and>2 BACE procedures ( HR=0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.71, P=0.002) were independent factors influencing PFS. There was no significant difference in BACE-related adverse events between the two groups (all P>0.05). Hypertension, fatigue, hand-foot syndrome, and anorexia were common anlotinib-specific adverse reactions in the combination group, but no grade 4 or higher adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions:BACE combined with anlotinib demonstrates superior efficacy compared to BACE alone in treating advanced NSCLC, significantly prolonging OS and PFS. The safety profile is manageable, with adverse events remaining within tolerable limits.

The glymphatic system is an important pathway for fluid drainage and metabolic waste clearance in the central nervous system. Its core mechanism involves the active cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid circulation process mediated by perivascular spaces and aquaporin-4 channels located on astrocytic endfeet. This process is crucial for eliminating neurotoxic substances such as β-amyloid and tau proteins, as well as maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that dynamic changes in the glymphatic system are associated with recovery after ischemic stroke. This article elaborates on the role of the glymphatic system in ischemic stroke and evaluates its potential value as a novel therapeutic target, providing new insights for post-stroke treatment strategies.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of bronchial artery chemoembolization (BACE) combined with anlotinib (BACE+A) versus BACE alone in patients with stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:A total of 94 patients with advanced NSCLC treated at six interventional centers between November 2020 and November 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into the BACE+A group ( n=46) and the BACE alone group ( n=48) based on treatment regimen. Baseline and perioperative clinical data were collected and compared between the two groups. Treatment response was evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) at 1, 6, and 12 months after the first BACE procedure. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare median OS and PFS between groups. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing OS and PFS. Results:The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median OS was significantly longer in the BACE+A group (18.8 months, 95% CI 16.3-21.3) than in the BACE group (13.4 months, 95% CI 11.6-15.2) ( P=0.001). The median PFS was also significantly longer in the BACE+A group (9.0 months, 95% CI 7.3-10.7) compared to the BACE group (6.1 months, 95% CI 4.9-7.3) ( P=0.001). At 6 and 12 months post-first BACE, the ORR (43.5%, 40.0%) and DCR (89.1%, 83.3%) were significantly higher in the BACE+A group than in the BACE group (ORR: 20.8%, 14.8%; DCR: 66.7%, 59.3%) (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression identified treatment with BACE+A ( HR=0.42, 95% CI 0.27-0.72, P=0.002), tumor stage ( HR=1.80, 95% CI 1.05-3.07, P=0.031), presence of pre-existing complications requiring intervention ( HR=2.72, 95% CI 1.65-4.50, P<0.001), and >2 BACE procedures ( HR=0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.68, P=0.003) as independent factors influencing OS. Treatment with BACE+A ( HR=0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.76, P=0.001), tumor stage ( HR=1.72, 95% CI 1.07-2.77, P=0.025), multi-arterial tumor blood supply ( HR=2.76, 95% CI 1.76-4.31, P<0.001), and>2 BACE procedures ( HR=0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.71, P=0.002) were independent factors influencing PFS. There was no significant difference in BACE-related adverse events between the two groups (all P>0.05). Hypertension, fatigue, hand-foot syndrome, and anorexia were common anlotinib-specific adverse reactions in the combination group, but no grade 4 or higher adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions:BACE combined with anlotinib demonstrates superior efficacy compared to BACE alone in treating advanced NSCLC, significantly prolonging OS and PFS. The safety profile is manageable, with adverse events remaining within tolerable limits.

Objective:To investigate the phenotypes of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) caused by variants in the CREBBP or EP300 gene, and the correlation between genotype and phenotype.Methods:This case series study was performed on pediatric patients who were referred to the Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics between January 2013 and July 2022. Both point variant and copy number deletion in CREBBP or EP300 gene were detected by whole exome sequencing, chromosomal microarray analysis, or copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq). The variant categories were summarized and phenotype numbers were re-visited for RSTS patients. Based on variant types, the patients were divided into different groups (point variant or copy number deletion, EP300 or CREBBP point variant, and loss of function or missense variant). Phenotype counts between different groups were compared using the rank-sum test of two independent samples.Results:A total of 21 RSTS patients were recruited, including 12 males and 9 females, with ages ranging from 1 month to 14 years and 2 months. Among them, 67% (14/21) had point variants, and 33% (7/21) had copy number deletions. Out of these, 20 variants (95%) were de novo. Among 20 patients finishing phenotype count during re-visit, 95% (19/20) of the patients exhibited developmental delays before the age of 2 years. Additionally, 80% (16/20) of the patients had distinctive facial features. Considering phenotype count, no statistically significant difference was found between point variant (14 cases) and copy number deletion (6 cases) (5.0 (3.0, 7.0) vs. 5.0 (2.5, 5.3), Z=0.75, P=0.452), CREBBP (10 cases) and EP300 gene (4 cases) point variant (5.0 (3.8, 7.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0, 6.0), Z=1.14, P=0.253), and loss of function (9 cases) and missense (5 cases) variant (6.0 (4.5, 7.0) vs. 3.0 (2.5, 5.5), Z=1.54, P=0.121). Conclusions:Patients with RSTS primarily exhibit developmental delays in early childhood. Specific facial features serve as suggested signs of genetic testing. However, no significant genotype-phenotype correlation is found.

Objective To determine the infectiousness of the respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)18537 strain of subtype B in different host cell lines and evaluate its pathogenicity and pathological damage in various animal models.Methods The cytopathic features,viral plaque morphology,viral protein expression,and in vitro proliferation efficiency were assessed to determine the basic biological characteristics of such infections.Nasal drops were used to infect 10-month-old BALB/c mice and 6-week-old cotton mice.The viral load in lung tissue after infection was detected,and the pathological injury was analyzed to assess the pathogenicity.Results The RSV 18537 strain of subtype B strain induced polynuclear fusion in Hep-2 cells,and typical viral plaques were formed in BHK-21 cells.In addition,viral proteins could be detected in Hep-2 and A549 cells.In BALB/c and cotton mice infected with nasal drops,viral nucleic acids were detectable in lung tissue on day 5 post-infection.This dose caused mild thickening of alveolar walls with scattered lymphocytes and neutrophil infiltration.Conclusion The RSV 18537 strain of subtype B can be effectively proliferated in Hep-2 and A549 cells while infecting BALB/c mice and cotton mice,resulting in pathological injury to lung tissue.The 18537 strain of RSV subtype B is less contagious than the A2 strain of subtype A both in cells and animals.

Objective: Balb/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) were used to investigate the metabolic changes in cecal luminal content. Methods: A total of 13 female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into Case group(n=7) and control(Ctrl) group(n=6). Animals in Case group were infected with RSV by using intranasal method, while mice in Ctrl group were treated with DMEM medium. Mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal administration of 10% chloral hydrate and the cecal luminal contents were harvested under sterile conditions. Metabolite concentrations were measured by UPLC-QTOF/MS system. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were used to identify differential metabolites between Case and Ctrl groups. Results: The overall base peak chromatogram between Case and Ctrl groups had a clear disparity, and PCA and OPLS-DA analysis showed obviously discrepancy based overall metabolomic profile. L-serine, 2-ketobutyric acid, Oleic acid and Chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate were enriched in Case group, whereas L-methionine, L-tyrosine and Nicotinic acid were depleted. Pathway analysis showed lysine degradation, Cysteine and methionine metabolism were enriched. Conclusion Lung injury induced by RSV infection may cause the endogenous metabolism disorder of cecal contents.

Stargardt disease (STGD) is one of the most prevalent inherited macular dystrophy, and most often occurs in child or adolescence. Irreversible vision loss is observed in almost all cases. Type 1 (STGD1) is one of the most common type. It is an autosomal recessive condition, caused by mutations in the Abca4 gene. In recent years, encouraging progress has been made in the treatment of STGD1. C20-D3-retinyl acetate (ALK- 001), fenretinide and ICR-14967 (A1120) as visual cycle modulators, StarGen as gene supplementation therapies, and the stem cell transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells are the most promising therapies. With the development of studies and clinical trials, the clinical application of various treatments of STGD1 are expected in the near feature, which are expected to save the vision of most patients.

Objective:To summarize the experiences in the construction of Clinical Research Unite (CRU) at a hospital level, provide reference for CRU construction in the Chinese hospitals.Methods:The CRU construction should take clinical research project management as working priority, strengthen clinical research team building, improve process management, as well as improve project performance and output.Results:During the CRU construction period, the number and level of clinical research projects have been improved in various disciplines. The sample database and disease specific data have been accumulated. The CRU mode helps the high-quality development of clinical researches in hospital.Conclusions:The way our hospital take in the construction of CRU was a good example, and it may truly improve the quality and capacity of clinical researches.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary blinding fundus diseases caused by abnormalities in photoreceptors of the retina.RP is highly heterogeneous in hereditary and cdinical phenotypes.It can be divided into simple type RP and syndrome type RP.The main inheritance patterns are autosomal dominant,autosomal recessive inheritance and X-linked inheritance.With the popularization and clinical application of gene sequencing technology,more and more disease-causing genes have been discovered,and these genes are mainly expressed in photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelial cell.ln-depth understanding of RP pathogenic genes not only provides a theoretical basis for RP diagnosis and genetic counseling,but also provides guidance for RP gene therapy.

Objective To explore the value of cMRI and MRS in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of single brain metastases and localized high grade gliomas.Methods The cMRI (T1WI,T2WI and contrast-enhanced MRI)and MRS data of 23 cases with single brain metastases and in 28 cases with high grade gliomas confirmed by pathology were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results cMRI:①There were no significant differences of T1WI,T2WI and constrast-enhanced MRI between single brain metastases and high-grade gliomas.②Enhanced images of single brain metastases and localized high-grade gliomas showed that there was a significant difference in the peritumoral edema area:the nodular or ring enhancement were found in single brain metastases,the outer outline of ring enhancement was smooth,and there was no enhancement at the peripheral edema area;Irregular patchy or ring enhancement were found in localized high-grade glioma tumor,both of the outer and inner edges of the ring enhancement rough,a little patchy enhancement at the peripheral edema area were found in 1 6 patients,and there was no enhancement of the edema area in the other 1 2 patients.MRS:①There were no significant differences of the tumor parenchyma in the peaks of NAA,Cr,Cho and central Lac between single brain metastases and localized high grade gliomas.②A significant difference of the peripheral edema area were observed between them.The peaks of NAA,Cr,Cho at the edema area in all single brain metastases patients were normal.But in all high-grade glioma patients,the NAA and Cr peaks were decreased,while the Cho peaks were increased.Conclusion The morphological manifestations of single brain metastases are similar to localized high grade gliomas.An obvious difference of cMRI and MRS lines exists in the peritumoral edema area between them,which could be used for differential diagnosis.