Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized by progressive alveolar bone resorption and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been used in the treatment of various immune-inflammatory diseases due to its excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Here, we investigated for the first time the therapeutic effect of DMF on periodontitis. In vivo studies showed that DMF significantly inhibited periodontal destruction, enhanced mitophagy, and decreased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio. In vitro studies showed that DMF inhibited macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages and promoted polarization toward M2 macrophages, with improved mitochondrial function, inhibited oxidative stress, and increased mitophagy in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, DMF increased intracellular mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM) levels to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, promoted mitophagy, and modulated macrophage polarization, whereas TUFM knockdown decreased the protective effect of DMF. Finally, mechanistic studies showed that DMF increased intracellular TUFM levels by protecting TUFM from degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway. Our results demonstrate for the first time that DMF protects mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress through TUFM-mediated mitophagy in macrophages, resulting in a shift in the balance of macrophage polarization, thereby attenuating periodontitis. Importantly, this study provides new insights into the prevention of periodontitis.
Dimethyl Fumarate/pharmacology* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Mice ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Periodontitis/prevention & control* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Mitochondria/drug effects*

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To investigate and analyze the dietary nutritional status of cadets in a military academy，and provide a point of reference for a balanced diet for the cadets.Methods:The physical condition of the cadets was measured by body mass index（BMI）. The dietary survey was carried out by weighing food method，then the daily intakes of food and nutrients per person，and the supply ratio of calorigenic nutrients were calculated. The blood biochemical indexes such as fasting blood glucose，uric acid，and total cholesterol were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional status of the cadets.Results:The average BMI score of the cadets was 22.1±1.7，and the cadets with the normal BMI accounted for 83.2%. The daily calorie intake of each cadet was 12.13 MJ，including 19.24% from proteins，45.94% from fats，and 34.82% from carbohydrates. The dietary structure featured high protein，high fat，and low carbohydrate. The intakes of grain，fish and shrimp，soybean，vegetables，fruits，edible mushrooms，and dried vegetables were insufficient，while the intake of poultry was excessive. The intake of vitamin B 1 was slightly insufficient，while the intakes of vitamin E and nicotinic acid were excessive. The intakes of sodium，phosphorus，iron，and selenium were too high，while the intakes of magnesium，calcium，and zinc were slightly insufficient. Among the cadets，0.76% of them had low fasting blood glucose，36.36% of them had hyperuricemia，and 7.58% and 3.03% of them had HDL-C and LDL-C at critical levels of excessiveness，respectively. Conclusion:The cadets have a variety of daily food intakes that provide them with enough calorie intakes，but the diet is not quite balanced due to improper intakes of some nutrients，therefore，the dietary nutrition education should be strengthened among the cadets.

To investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics and endoscopic treatment efficacy of cap polyposis, data of 14 patients (56 polyps) who were histologically diagnosed as having cap polyposis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2017 to February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Of the 14 patients, 8 were males and 6 were females. The age ranged from 14 to 74 years, including 7 cases of <60 years old and 7 cases of ≥60 years old. 7 patients (50.0%) had clinical manifestations. Four cases had multiple polyps and 10 cases (71.4%) had single polyps. There were 42 polyps (75.0%) located in the rectum, 13 (23.2%) in the sigmoid colon and 1 in the transverse colon. According to the classification of Yamada, 44 polyps (78.6%) were type Ⅰ, 3 polyps were type Ⅱ, 5 polyps were type Ⅲ and 4 polyps were type Ⅳ. Under endoscopy, there were 41 polyps (73.2%) with obvious white cap-like coverings on the surface and 23 polyps with obvious hyperemia and redness on the mucosa, 8 of which were both visible. Two cases were treated with ESD and 12 cases were treated with EMR, all of which were completely excised. No bleeding, perforation, infection or other complications occurred during and after operation. The clinical symptoms of 7 patients were relieved. During the follow-up period, 11 cases (78.6%) completed colonoscopy, and no polyp recurrence was found. In conclusion, there is no gender or age difference in patients of cap polyposis. It is usually single and located in the rectum and sigmoid colon with Yamada type Ⅰ. The surface of lesions is mostly covered with white cap. Patients may have no obvious clinical symptoms. Treatment of ESD and EMR is safe and effective for cap polyposis.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the dietary nutritional status of cadets in a military academy，and provide a point of reference for a balanced diet for the cadets.Methods:The physical condition of the cadets was measured by body mass index（BMI）. The dietary survey was carried out by weighing food method，then the daily intakes of food and nutrients per person，and the supply ratio of calorigenic nutrients were calculated. The blood biochemical indexes such as fasting blood glucose，uric acid，and total cholesterol were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional status of the cadets.Results:The average BMI score of the cadets was 22.1±1.7，and the cadets with the normal BMI accounted for 83.2%. The daily calorie intake of each cadet was 12.13 MJ，including 19.24% from proteins，45.94% from fats，and 34.82% from carbohydrates. The dietary structure featured high protein，high fat，and low carbohydrate. The intakes of grain，fish and shrimp，soybean，vegetables，fruits，edible mushrooms，and dried vegetables were insufficient，while the intake of poultry was excessive. The intake of vitamin B 1 was slightly insufficient，while the intakes of vitamin E and nicotinic acid were excessive. The intakes of sodium，phosphorus，iron，and selenium were too high，while the intakes of magnesium，calcium，and zinc were slightly insufficient. Among the cadets，0.76% of them had low fasting blood glucose，36.36% of them had hyperuricemia，and 7.58% and 3.03% of them had HDL-C and LDL-C at critical levels of excessiveness，respectively. Conclusion:The cadets have a variety of daily food intakes that provide them with enough calorie intakes，but the diet is not quite balanced due to improper intakes of some nutrients，therefore，the dietary nutrition education should be strengthened among the cadets.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the rationality of TLC identification method （3） of （R，S）-epigoitrin in Isatis indigotica stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （partⅠ） （later abbreviated as pharmacopeia）， and make some improvements. METHODS： Three batches I. indigotica were collected and prepared into decoction pieces according to the processing method of I. indigotica in pharmacopoeia. TLC identification of （R，S）-goitrin in I. indigotica decoction piece and medicinal material were conducted according to identification method （3） in pharmacopeia （80％ ethanol as solvent for sample treatment， ultrasound extraction）； the rationality of pharmacopoeia method was investigated. Then the method was improved by changing the extraction solvent and pretreatment method （method one： using water as solvent， ultrasound extraction； method two： soaking in water for 1 h， then adding into methanol， ultrasound extraction； method three： the sample was wetted and then dried， using 80％ methanol as solvent， ultrasound extraction） of samples， and the optimal method was verified. According to the optimal method， the TLC identification of （R，S）-goitrin was detected by using chromatographic plates from different manufacturers， under the conditions of low temperature and low humidity （7 ℃， relative humidity 48％） and high temperature and high humidity （35 ℃， relative humidity 75％） respectively，to investigate the durability of the method. RESULTS： According to the method of pharmacopeia， in the chromatograms of decoction pieces， the same color spots appeared at the corresponding chromatographic positions of reference substance， but no corresponding spots appeared in the medicinal material chromatograms. After the samples were treated by three improvement methods， in medicinal material chromatograms， the same color spots appeared in the corresponding chromatographic positions of reference substances. There were single chromatographic spot after medicinal materials were treated with method one， and there were more spots after medicinal materials were treated with method two and three， and method two consumed less time than method three. The results of validation tests and method durability tests  showed that after the treatment of I. indigotica and its decoction pieces according to method two， the same color spots appeared in the corresponding positions of the decoction pieces and the medicinal materials chromatograms as those of the control. CONCLUSIONS： The improved TLC identification method is effective， the chromatographic spots are clear， and the repeatability is good.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin in 3 processed products of Rheum officinale. METHODS： RP-HPLC method was established. The determination was performed on Thermo ScientificTM Hypersil GOLD Dim column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 278 nm， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear range of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin were 0.126 2-1.262 0 μg（r＝0.999 9）， 0.036 2-0.362 0  μg（r＝0.999 9） and 0.177 9-1.779 4 μg（r＝0.999 8）， respectively. Quantitative limits were 25.4， 28.2， 62.5 ng， and detection limits were 6.2， 3.6， 11.8 ng， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， repeatability and durability tests were all less than 3％. The recoveries ranged from 94.64％-102.71％（RSD＝2.74％， n＝9）， 95.35％-102.49％（RSD＝2.44％， n＝9）， 93.56％-103.66％（RSD＝3.27％， n＝9）. The determination results showed that the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in prepared R. officinale were higher， and the order of both were prepared R. officinale＞steamed R. officinale＞raw R. officinale. The content of catechin in raw R. officinale was higher， and the order of it was raw R. officinale＞ steamed R. officinale＞prepared R. officinale. CONCLUSIONS： The method is sensitive， reliable and reproducible. It can be used to determine the contents of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechins in 3 processed products of R. officinale simultaneously.

Objective To explore the application value and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and multi-band mucosectomy (EMBM) in the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion.Methods Seventy-two cases of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion that underwent endoscopic therapy from January 2010 to April 2016 in the Wuhan Central Hospital were registered for the study.The patients in the ESD group (60 cases) received ESD,while the patients in the EMBM group (12 cases) received EMBM.Retrospective analyses were made on such indicators as surgical time and treatment results,pathological diagnosis,incidence rates of long and short-term complications,and therapeutic efficacy.Results Pathological results indicated that there were 28 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (LGIN) precancerous lesion,16 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (HGIN) precancerous lesion and 16 cases of early esophageal cancer (EEC).The lengths of the foci were 2-6 cm,with an average length of (3.2 ±0.6)cm and the average surgical time was(82.1 ±7.5)min.Pathological detection showed that in the EMBM group there were 3 cases of LGIN,4 cases of HGIN and 5 cases of EEC.The lengths of the foci were 3-10 cm,with an average length of(4.8 ± 0.8) cm and the average surgical time was (35.0 ± 5.1) min.The rate of retrosternal pain after surgery was 41.7％ (30/72),the rate of hemorrhage was 1.4％ (1/72),and the rates of perforation,esophageal stricture,abdominal pain and fever were respectively 1.4％ (1/72),5.6％ (4/72),11.1％ (8/72) and 11.1％ (8/72).Pathological detection indicated that in the ESD group complete resection in the cases of LGIN was 96.4％ (27/28),complete resection in the cases of HGIN was 93.8％ (15/16) and complete resection in the cases of EEC was 100％ (16/16).Pathological detection after surgery indicated that the incision edges of the foci were all negative.In the ESD group,there were no cases with lesions penetrating into the muscular layer of mucosa and further into the submucous layer,while there were 2 cases in the EMBM group with lesions penetrating into the submucous layer.Examination by gastroscopy in 62 cases 2 months after surgery revealed that the healing rate of the wound surface was 100％ (62/62),and there was only 1 case that had residual incomplete healing.Fifty-eight cases had gastroscopy 6 months after surgery,and detection results indicated that there was only 1 case that had local recurrence,and 56 cases had gastroscopy 12 months after surgery,and detection results revealed that there was no case of local recurrence.16.7％ of the patients(2/72)that had residual foci or local recurrence were all the patients from the EMBM group.Conclusions ESD and EMBM were safe and effective therapeutic methods for the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion.ESD could completely remove foci with just one incision,with the advantages of easy pathological detection,low rates of recurrence and complication,and low injury,while EMBM on the other hand was a more prompt,safe and effective method for the treatment of lesion with broad foci,however it could not provide complete pathologic data.

Objective To explore the application value and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and multi-band mucosectomy (EMBM) in the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion.Methods Seventy-two cases of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion that underwent endoscopic therapy from January 2010 to April 2016 in the Wuhan Central Hospital were registered for the study.The patients in the ESD group (60 cases) received ESD,while the patients in the EMBM group (12 cases) received EMBM.Retrospective analyses were made on such indicators as surgical time and treatment results,pathological diagnosis,incidence rates of long and short-term complications,and therapeutic efficacy.Results Pathological results indicated that there were 28 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (LGIN) precancerous lesion,16 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (HGIN) precancerous lesion and 16 cases of early esophageal cancer (EEC).The lengths of the foci were 2-6 cm,with an average length of (3.2 ±0.6)cm and the average surgical time was(82.1 ±7.5)min.Pathological detection showed that in the EMBM group there were 3 cases of LGIN,4 cases of HGIN and 5 cases of EEC.The lengths of the foci were 3-10 cm,with an average length of(4.8 ± 0.8) cm and the average surgical time was (35.0 ± 5.1) min.The rate of retrosternal pain after surgery was 41.7％ (30/72),the rate of hemorrhage was 1.4％ (1/72),and the rates of perforation,esophageal stricture,abdominal pain and fever were respectively 1.4％ (1/72),5.6％ (4/72),11.1％ (8/72) and 11.1％ (8/72).Pathological detection indicated that in the ESD group complete resection in the cases of LGIN was 96.4％ (27/28),complete resection in the cases of HGIN was 93.8％ (15/16) and complete resection in the cases of EEC was 100％ (16/16).Pathological detection after surgery indicated that the incision edges of the foci were all negative.In the ESD group,there were no cases with lesions penetrating into the muscular layer of mucosa and further into the submucous layer,while there were 2 cases in the EMBM group with lesions penetrating into the submucous layer.Examination by gastroscopy in 62 cases 2 months after surgery revealed that the healing rate of the wound surface was 100％ (62/62),and there was only 1 case that had residual incomplete healing.Fifty-eight cases had gastroscopy 6 months after surgery,and detection results indicated that there was only 1 case that had local recurrence,and 56 cases had gastroscopy 12 months after surgery,and detection results revealed that there was no case of local recurrence.16.7％ of the patients(2/72)that had residual foci or local recurrence were all the patients from the EMBM group.Conclusions ESD and EMBM were safe and effective therapeutic methods for the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion.ESD could completely remove foci with just one incision,with the advantages of easy pathological detection,low rates of recurrence and complication,and low injury,while EMBM on the other hand was a more prompt,safe and effective method for the treatment of lesion with broad foci,however it could not provide complete pathologic data.

Objective To establish the molecular weight distribution of anti-HBV placenta transfer factor injection (PSTF) by electrophoresis, HPLC and MS.Methods Using the methods of SDS-PAGE, HPSEC, MALDI-TOF-MS to test the molecular of PSTF.Results The Molecular was 8000 Da by SDS-PAGE.There were 5026.67,6783.44,7496.42,8736.55 Da components in PSTF by HPSEC.The main component molecular was 2972 Da and the maximum molecular component was 8194 Da.Conclusion HPSEC is simple and rapid to determine the maximum component molecular of PSTF.