In the context of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the inheritance of the experiences of famous doctors faces significant challenges due to its complex nonlinear characteristics and dynamic evolution. There are still issues in the current inheritance system， such as the homogenization of talent cultivation models， lack of standardized mentoring practices， and monotonous evaluation method， which hinder the systematic inheritance and innovative development of famous doctors' experiences. Based on a systematic review of the current state of artificial intelligence （AI）-assisted inheritance of famous doctors' experiences， this study explores innovative pathways for deep integration of modern information technologies with famous doctors' experiences from key dimensions， including data authenticity assurance， interdisciplinary collaboration mechanisms， and the establishment of dynamic inheritance standards. It proposes a paradigm shift in the inheritance of TCM famous doctors' experiences in the AI era， aiming to build a new TCM inheritance system of "digital intelligence empowerment and cross-disciplinary innovation"， providing theoretical support and practical pathways for the inheritance of famous doctors' experiences in TCM.

BackgroundArrhythmia and obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） frequently co-occur in clinical and epidemiological settings， yet their shared genetic basis and potential heart-brain axis mechanisms remain unclear. ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the genetic correlation between arrhythmia and OCD， and to elucidate their underlying molecular genetic mechanisms， so as to provide molecular evidence for the "heart-brain axis" to support risk assessment and integrated clinical strategies for these comorbidities. MethodsThe aggregated data from the genome-wide association study （GWAS） of arrhythmia in the UK Biobank （7 207 cases and 477 391 controls） and the GWAS data of OCD released by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium （2 688 cases and 7 037 controls） were integrated， all of which were limited to individuals of European ancestry. The genome-wide genetic correlations were estimated using the linkage disequilibrium score regression （LDSC） and the high-definition likelihood （HDL）. Local genetic correlation analysis was conducted using the local analysis of variance annotation （LAVA）. Multi-trait analysis of GWAS （MTAG） was employed to identify pleiotropic loci. Shared risk genes were identified by combining summary-data based Mendelian randomization （SMR） and transcriptome-wide association study （TWAS）. Functional enrichment analysis was performed based on the functional mapping and annotation （FUMA） platform. ResultsBoth LDSC （r_g=0.248， 95% CI： 0.159–0.336， P=4.82×10^-3） and HDL （r_g=0.294， 95% CI： 0.237–0.351， P=5.87×10^-4） revealed significant positive genetic correlation between arrhythmia and OCD. LAVA identified 23 significantly local correlated regions in the genome （P<2.0×10^-5）. MTAG discovered 11 genome-wide significant pleiotropic SNPs， among which rs12754189 （intron of KCNN3） had potential functional harmfulness （CADD>12.37）. SMR and TWAS jointly identified 20 shared genes， enriched in neural-cardiovascular tissues such as the cerebral cortex， amygdala， and left ventricle， and involved in DNA damage response， RNA metabolism， transcriptional regulation， and FAS signaling pathway （FDR<0.05）. ConclusionArrhythmia and OCD share a common genetic basis. The co-morbidity mechanism may involve the common vulnerability of neurons and cardiac muscle cells in terms of gene expression regulation and stress response， supporting the role of the brain-heart axis in the pathophysiology of both conditions.

This paper discussed the differentiation and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting （CINV） in traditional Chinese medicine， based on the theory of "yin qi descends， while all yang qi ascends” from Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）. The core pathogenesis of CINV is attributed to chemotherapy-induced injury to the middle jiao （焦）， resulting in the separation of yin and yang and loss of their mutual communication. Acute and explosive CINV is often characterized by "all yang qi ascends"， with stomach yang constraint transforming into fire， and qi counterflow leading to vomiting， which can be treated by unblocking stomach yang， draining fire and scattering the counterflow， with Huoxiang Zhengqi Powder （藿香正气散） and medicinals of clearing function. For delayed cases， which are often due to "yin qi descends"， and the accumulation of turbid yin obstructs and constrains the deficient yang， the treatment should focus on promoting qi flow to eliminate turbidity， unblocking and boosting yang qi， and Chengqi-series Formulas （承气类方） or Xiao Banxia Decoction （小半夏汤） can be considered. Refractory and anticipated cases usually involve stomach-kidney deficiency and zang-fu （脏腑） organs disharmony， making yin and yang difficult to restore balance， for which the treatment should focus on nourishing both the stomach and kidneys and harmonize the zang-fu organs， with formulas such as Fuzi Lizhong Decoction （附子理中汤） or Xiaoyao Powder （逍遥散） modified as appropriate.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Objective To construct a trajectory model for the changes in body roundness index(BRI)of elderly people in China from 2011 to 2018 based on the data derived from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),and analyze the influencing factors of different BRI trajectories.Methods Based on the longitudinal cohort data from the CLHLS platform,group-based trajectory model(GBTM)analysis was used to construct longitudinal change trajectories of 3 waves of BRI(2011,2014,and 2018)that meet our research criteria.Unordered multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of different BRI trajectories.Results A total of 2 512 valid samples were included in the analysis.The BRI trajectory of Chinese elderly people fitted by GBTM was optimally grouped into low-,medium-,and high-level growth trajectory models.There were statistically significant differences among different BRI trajectory groups in gender,length of education,resident place,living with spouse,retirement pension,sleep quality,smoking history,drinking history,continuous exercise,frequency of fruit consumption,frequency of salt-preserved vegetables consumption,and"fruit+protein"dietary patterns(P<0.05).Disordered multiclass logistic regression analysis found that,using the low-level growth trajectory model as a reference,males and those with a history of smoking were less likely to exhibit moderate to high growth levels of BRI trajectories;Elderly people with retirement pensions were more likely to exhibit a moderate to high growth level of BRI trajectory;People with a history of alcohol consumption were more likely to exhibit a moderate steady growth level of BRI trajectory;People with longer than 10 years of education were less likely to exhibit a high level of growth in the BRI trajectory,while urban residents and those who frequently consumed fruits and salted vegetables were more likely to exhibit a high level of growth in the BRI trajectory.Conclusion The trajectory of BRI changes among elderly people in China from 2011 to 2018 can be divided into 3 groups,which are influenced by multiple factors such as gender,resident place,and length of education.It is necessary to pay attention to and make measures in advance to improve the quality of life in the elderly.Countermeasures It is advisable to incorporate BRI as a core indicator in elderly health monitoring systems,establish a dynamic management mechanism for high-risk populations,and implement precision-targeted lifestyle interventions and health guidance.

Microwave thermochemotherapy (MTC) has been applied to treat lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), but a deeper understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms and molecular biology is needed. To address this, we used single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to highlight the pivotal role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) among tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic response to MTC. MNDA⁺ TANs with anti-tumor activity (N1-phenotype) are found to be abundantly infiltrated by MTC with benefit of increased blood perfusion, and these TANs are characterized by enhanced cytotoxicity, ameliorated hypoxia, and upregulated IL1B, activating T&NK cells and fibroblasts via IL1B-IL1R. In this highly anti-tumor immunogenic and hypoxia-reversed microenvironment under MTC, fibroblasts accumulated in the tumor front (TF) can recruit N1-TANs via CXCL2-CXCR2 and clear N2-TANs (pro-tumor phenotype) via CXCL12-CXCR4, which results in the aggregation of N1-TANs and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. In addition, we construct an N1-TANs marker, MX2, which positively correlates with better prognosis in LSCC patients, and employ deep learning techniques to predict expression of MX2 from hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained images so as to conveniently guide decision making in clinical practice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the N1-TANs/fibroblasts defense wall formed in response to MTC effectively combat LSCC.
Humans ; Neutrophils/metabolism* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Lip Neoplasms/genetics* ; Hyperthermia, Induced/methods* ; Microwaves/therapeutic use* ; Transcriptome ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology* ; Tumor Microenvironment

Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic and endocrine organ in the body.As the basic unit of skeletal muscle,muscle fiber has high plasticity.Skeletal muscle fibers are mainly divided into oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers,and muscle fibers type is an important factor affecting the contraction and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle.Understanding the molecular mechanism regulating skeletal muscle fiber type conversion is of great significance for regulating skeletal muscle-related diseases.Mitochondria is the energy factory of cell life activities,and the characteristics of mitochondria,namely the content,shape and distribution of mitochondria,are closely related to the function of mitochondria.The mitochon-drial characteristics of various types of muscle fiber are different,which is related to the difference of en-ergy metabolism of different muscle fiber types.Mitochondrial homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium process,which is usually regulated by mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mito-chondrial autophagy and other processes.These processes not only affect the morphology and quantity of mitochondria,but also affect the metabolic balance of glucose and fatty acids in the body.Many studies have also shown that mitochondria-mediated changes in the substrates of energy metabolism of skeletal muscle affect the type conversion process of skeletal muscle fiber.Exercise is a non-drug treatment that can generally promote the formation of oxidized muscle fibers by maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondri-al homeostasis.In this paper,the mitochondrial characteristics of different types of skeletal muscle fibers and the role of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in regulating muscle fiber type conversion were re-viewed.On this basis,the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial involvement in PGC1α,Ca2+and ROS signaling pathways mediated by fiber type conversion of skeletal muscle was summarized.Mitochondria are the energy factories of skeletal muscle,and targeted intervention through understanding their regulato-ry mechanism may be a new direction for the treatment of skeletal muscle-related diseases in the future.

Objective To evaluate the potential of the BIBP-H fluorescent probe in the detection of the oxidative stress levels after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIRI).Methods In vitro,the potential of BIBP-H probe was in detection of oxidative stress was first assessed with fluorescence imaging in rat neuroblastoma(B104)cells after L-glutamic acid stimulation.And then,the effects of edaravone and dexborneol(EDA)and glutathione(GSH)pretreatment on the fluorescence intensity were evaluated.Later,a totally of 28 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups:transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)group,EDA+tMCAO group,GSH+tMCAO group,and sham group.After 1.5 h ischemia and 12 h reperfusion,the mice were treated with BIBP-H via tail vein injection.In vivo,ex vivo,and tissue fluorescence imaging were utilized to evaluate the probe's cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).Results ① BIBP-H probe did not exhibit fluorescence signals in cultured B104 cells,but showed red fluorescence in B104 cells treated with L-glutamic acid.The signals significantly decreased when pretreated with EDA or GSH.② Both the sham-operated mice intravenously injected with the BIBP-H probe and the tMCAO mice without injection of the probe showed negative results in in vivo fluorescence imaging.③ tMCAO mice treated with BIBP-H exhibited red fluorescence signals in the ischemic hemisphere in vivo,with significantly reduced fluorescence intensity after EDA or GSH infusion during reperfusion ④ The fluorescence area examined with BIBP-H was consistent the cerebral infarction area detected with triphenyltertrazolium.Conclusions The BIBP-H probe effectively monitored oxidative stress levels both in vivo and in vitro,demonstrating its potential in CIRI detection.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the prenatal echocardiographic features of fetuses diagnosed with Ebstein anomaly (EA), identify prognostic factors affect the fetal and neonatal mortality, and evaluate the clinical value of the Simpson Andrews Sharland prognostic score (SAS prognostic score).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 37 fetuses diagnosed with EA via prenatal and postnatal echocardiography at Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from June 2012 to June 2024. The echocardiographic features of EA patients were summarized. According to the patients′ survival statuses during the fetal and neonatal periods, they were divided into survival group and death group for a comparative analysis of key echocardiographic parameters, as well as SAS prognostic score. Also, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the predictive abilities of various indicators. Finally, based on the medium-and long-term prognostic outcomes of EA cases, the predictive value of the SAS system was evaluated. The t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test were used for group comparison. Results:Regarding the 37 EA cases, the gestational age at the initial diagnosis was (29±4) weeks. All of EA fetuses exhibited echocardiographic characterized by tricuspid regurgitation (TR) originating below the native tricuspid annulus with the severity varied, accompanied by manifestations such as right atrial enlargement. Of all cases, 5 cases (14%) died prenatally, and 32 cases (86%) were born alive. Postnatally, 4 cases died preoperatively, 1 case died postoperatively, and 27 cases survived. Compared with the survival group, the death group had a significantly higher average SAS prognostic score (6.9±1.1 vs. 2.0±1.5, t=9.17, P<0.001), right atrium (RA) to left atrium (LA) transverse diameter ratio (2.0±0.5 vs. 1.3±0.2, t=4.87, P=0.001) and TR area to RA area ratio (0.8±0.2 vs. 0.4±0.2, t=5.27, P<0.001). According to the ROC analysis, the optimal predictive value indicators are RA to LA transverse diameter ratio (AUC=0.93, 95% CI 0.81-1.00) and the TR area-to-RA area ratio (AUC=0.93, 95% CI 0.85-1.00); the optimal cut-point values were 1.5 and 0.5, respectively. Of 32 born alive cases, 21 cases (66%) didn′t undergo surgery, 2 cases (6%) underwent bidirectional Glenn surgery, and one case (3%) underwent tricuspid valvuloplasty. All 17 cases with SAS score≤2 survived, while all 9 cases with SAS score≥6 died. Among the 11 cases with a score from 3 to 5, 8 cases achieved a biventricular outcome. Conclusions:The typical echocardiographic feature of EA fetuses is that the originating point of TR is below the native tricuspid annulus and the severity can vary. The SAS score is essential for tiered prognosis. When the SAS is 3-5, dynamic monitoring for TR and RA enlargement should be employed to help guide prenatal intervention and reduce fetal and neonatal mortality.