Spinal surgical site infection (SSI), especially deep SSI after internal fixation is difficult in treatment, with long course of disease and poor prognosis. At present, there are many controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, with unsatisfactory overall efficacy of its diagnosis and treatment. Besides, no diagnosis and treatment guideline based on evidence-based medicine has been in existence. To this end, the Spinal Infection Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Spinal Infection Group of the Spinal Surgery Branch of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association jointly organized relevant experts to formulate Evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of surgical site infection in spinal trauma ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 10 recommendations were proposed on the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, so as to provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI.

Spinal surgical site infection (SSI), especially deep SSI after internal fixation is difficult in treatment, with long course of disease and poor prognosis. At present, there are many controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, with unsatisfactory overall efficacy of its diagnosis and treatment. Besides, no diagnosis and treatment guideline based on evidence-based medicine has been in existence. To this end, the Spinal Infection Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Spinal Infection Group of the Spinal Surgery Branch of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association jointly organized relevant experts to formulate Evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of surgical site infection in spinal trauma ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 10 recommendations were proposed on the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, so as to provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 (RRM1) gene silencing on drug resistance of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/R. METHODS: We established a paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7/R) by exposing the cells to high-concentration paclitaxel in a short time. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting RRM1 were designed to silence RRM1 expression in human breast cancer MCF-7/R cells. MTT assay was used to detect the IC values and the sensitivity to paclitaxel in the cells with or without siRNA transfection. The changes in the proliferative activity of MCF7 and MCF-7/R cells following RRM1 gene silencing were evaluated using EdU assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes. We assessed the effect of RRM1 gene silencing and paclitaxel on the tumor growth in a nude mouse model bearing subcutaneous xenografts with or without siRNA transfection. RESULTS: We detected significantly higher expressions of RRM1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the drug-resistant MCF- 7/R cells than in the parental MCF-7 cells ( < 0.01). Transfection with the specific siRNAs significantly reduced the expression of RRM1 in MCF-7/R cells ( < 0.05), which showed a significantly lower IC value of paclitaxel than the cells transfected with the negative control siRNA ( < 0.05). RRM1 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation ( < 0.01) and enhanced the apoptosis-inducing effect of paclitaxel in MCF-7/R cells ( < 0.001); RRM1 silencing also resulted in obviously reduced Akt phosphorylation, suppressed Bcl-2 expression and promoted the expression of p53 protein in MCF-7/R cells. In the tumor-bearing nude mice, the volume of subcutaneously transplanted tumors was significantly smaller in MCF-7/R/siRNA+ PTX group than in the other groups ( < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RRM1 gene silencing can reverse paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/R by promoting cell apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Paclitaxel ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Ribonucleotide Reductases ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins

Objective To analyze the epidemic status of principal human parasites, so as to provide scientific evidence for making prevention countermeasures for Guangdong Province in the future. Methods In 2015, a survey was performed according to the scheme of "The 3rd National Survey of Principal Human Parasites"as well as the incidence of parasites disease in Guangdong Province,the residents at 48 investiation sites in counties were surveyed. The survey of the soil-transmitted nematodes (Ascariasis, Ancylostoma, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis) and intestinal protozoa were performed based on the ecological regions and stratified by economic and geographic situation.The survey of food borne Clonorchis sinensis was performed along with the soil-transmitted nematodes in rural areas, and it was performed by the sample method of random cluster in cities and towns.The residents in each investigation site as the object, the ovum of the soil-transmitted nematodes, Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths were examed by the modified Kato-Katz method, test tube filter paper was used to identify Hookwormspecies, and the intestinal protozoa was checked by direct smear method. The transparent tape anal swabs method for children aged 3 - 6 years to check Enterobius vermicularis. Results Totally 12 401 residents of 48 survey sites from 22 counties were surveyed, and the total infection rate of intestinal parasites was 8.29%(1 028/12 401). The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 3.39% (420/12 401),in which the infection rate of Ascariasis, Ancylostoma, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis were 0.52% (64/12 401), 1.89%(234/12 401),0.46%(57/12 401),and 0.52%(65/12 401),respectively.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 4.90%(608/12 401). Nine hundred and sixty-seven children were tested for eggs of Enterobius vermicularis with the infection rate of 12.41% (120/967). The number of hook larva culture was 153, among them, 140 were hookworm larvae of America and no duodenal hookworm larvae and other nematode species were found.Totally 9 309 residents were tested for intestinal protozoa infection,and the infection rate was 0.31%(29/9 309). Conclusion In Guangdong Province, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes is decreasing while the infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis is still high, and the control work of parasites still should be strengthened especially for food borne parasitic diseases.

Sec61β, a subunit of the Sec61 translocon complex, is not essential in yeast and commonly used as a marker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In higher eukaryotes, such as Drosophila, deletion of Sec61β causes lethality, but its physiological role is unclear. Here, we show that Sec61β interacts directly with microtubules. Overexpression of Sec61β containing small epitope tags, but not a RFP tag, induces dramatic bundling of the ER and microtubule. A basic region in the cytosolic domain of Sec61β is critical for microtubule association. Depletion of Sec61β induces ER stress in both mammalian cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, and subsequent restoration of ER homeostasis correlates with the microtubule binding ability of Sec61β. Loss of Sec61β causes increased mobility of translocon complexes and reduced level of membrane-bound ribosomes. These results suggest that Sec61β may stabilize protein translocation by linking translocon complex to microtubule and provide insight into the physiological function of ER-microtubule interaction.
Animals ; COS Cells ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Microtubules ; metabolism ; SEC Translocation Channels ; deficiency ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of alprostadil in the treatment of diabetes complicating chronic kid‐ney disease to provide reference for clinical treatment .Methods 84 cases of diabetes complicating chronic kidney disease in this hospital from September 2013 to January 2015 were selected and divided into the observation group(44 cases) and the control group (40 cases) according to the voluntary principle .The control group used the epalrestat treatment ,while the observation group was combined with using alprostadil on the basis of control group .The effective rate ,serum creatinine ,blood urea nitrogen(BUN) ,uri‐nary albumin excretion rate ,C‐reactive protein(CRP) ,IL‐6 levels and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups .Re‐sults The effective rate of the observation group was 93 .18% ,which was significantly higher than 80 .00% in the control group , the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4 .251 ,P=0 .005);the CRP and IL‐6 levels after treatment in the observation group were improved ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);the CRP and IL‐6 levels after treatment in the observation group[(0 .45 ± 0 .05)mg/L ,[(0 .72 ± 0 .11)μg/L] were significantly superior than[(1 .05 ± 0 .14)mg/L ,(1 .25 ± 0 .24)μg/L] in the control group ,the differences were statistically significant(P<0 .05);BUN ,urinary albumin excretion rate ,TNF‐αand endogenous creatinine clearance rate after treatment in the observation group were (6 .41 ± 1 .12)mmol/L ,(41 .12 ± 4 .46)μg/min ,(75 .54 ± 6 .64)ng/L and (92 .94 ± 8 .24)% ,which in the control group were (7 .39 ± 1 .05)mmol/L ,(91 .48 ± 7 .31)mmol/L ,(111 .42 ± 7 .69)ng/L and (81 .55 ± 9 .54)% respectively ,the improvement in the observation group was better than the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);the occurrence rate of adverse reactions was 18 .18% in the observation group and 17 .50% in the control group ,showing the difference was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Alprostadil in treating diabetes complicating chronic kidney disease has better effect ,conduces to improve the level of urinary albumin and inflammatory with high safety ,and is worthy of clinical promotion and application .

Objective To investigate clinical effect of fluvastatin in the treatment of early diabetic nephropa-thy,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods 90 patients with diabetic nephropathy were selected,the patients were divided into observation group(50 cases)and control group(40 cases).Conventional hypoglycemic ther-apy used in the control group,and valsartan treatment also used.The observation group received fluvastatin on the basis of treatment of control group.The efficacy,urinary albumin excretion rate,inflammatory markers,serum creatinine and other indicators and adverse reactions were compared.Results The effective rate of the observation group was 90.00%,which was significantly higher than 75.00% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.325,P <0.05).After treatment,the BUN,UAER,TC,TG,LDL of the observation group were (6.54 ± 1.24)mmol/L,(40.43 ±4.21)μg/min,(3.81 ±0.47)mmol/L,(2.51 ±0.34)mmol/L,(2.41 ±0.64)mmol/L, the improvement was better than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.547,5.225, 5.457,4.957,5.339,all P <0.05).After treatment,the CRP,IL -6,IL -18,TNF -αin the observation group and control group were significantly improved compared with before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 ).After treatment,the CRP,IL -6,IL -18,TNF -αlevels of the observation group were (4.14 ± 0.87)mg/L,(88.17 ±8.54)pg/mL,(139.64 ±9.48)ng/L,(40.17 ±5.22)ng/L,the improvement was better than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =6.914,6.357,5.847,7.054,all P <0.05 ). Conclusion Fluvastatin in the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy has good effect,which will help to improve inflammatory cytokines and proteinuria and protect renal function,it is worthy of clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo establish a model bearing human lung cancer xenograft with bone metastasis in mice with normal immune function.

METHODSForty female C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups, including a control group and 3 immunosuppression groups treated with low, moderate, and high doses of dexamethasone (50, 100, and 150 mg, respectively). Four days after immune suppression, the mice were subjected to percutaneous injection of1.0×10(9) L(-1) A549 cells into the tibial plateau, and the bone defects were assessed radiographically 28 days after modeling. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the tumor tissues and bone tissue damages.

RESULTSIn each of the 4 groups one mouse died during tumor cell injection. Only 1 mouse showed tumor formation in low-dose immunosuppression group, as compared to 7 and 4 in moderate- and high-dose immunosuppression groups. X-ray and microCT scan showed significant tibial bone destruction in moderate- and high-dose groups. The moderate- and high-dose groups showed similar ALP activities but both were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONImmunosuppression with a moderate dose of dexamethasone results in longer survival time of the human lung cancer xenograft-bearing model mice as well as a higher tumor formation rate.

Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation

Objective To establish a model bearing human lung cancer xenograft with bone metastasis in mice with normal immune function. Methods Forty female C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups, including a control group and 3 immunosuppression groups treated with low, moderate, and high doses of dexamethasone (50, 100, and 150 mg, respectively). Four days after immune suppression, the mice were subjected to percutaneous injection of1.0 × 109 L-1 A549 cells into the tibial plateau, and the bone defects were assessed radiographically 28 days after modeling. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the tumor tissues and bone tissue damages. Results In each of the 4 groups one mouse died during tumor cell injection. Only 1 mouse showed tumor formation in low-dose immunosuppression group, as compared to 7 and 4 in moderate- and high-dose immunosuppression groups. X-ray and microCT scan showed significant tibial bone destruction in moderate- and high-dose groups. The moderate- and high-dose groups showed similar ALP activities but both were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Immunosuppression with a moderate dose of dexamethasone results in longer survival time of the human lung cancer xenograft-bearing model mice as well as a higher tumor formation rate.

Objective To establish a model bearing human lung cancer xenograft with bone metastasis in mice with normal immune function. Methods Forty female C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups, including a control group and 3 immunosuppression groups treated with low, moderate, and high doses of dexamethasone (50, 100, and 150 mg, respectively). Four days after immune suppression, the mice were subjected to percutaneous injection of1.0 × 109 L-1 A549 cells into the tibial plateau, and the bone defects were assessed radiographically 28 days after modeling. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the tumor tissues and bone tissue damages. Results In each of the 4 groups one mouse died during tumor cell injection. Only 1 mouse showed tumor formation in low-dose immunosuppression group, as compared to 7 and 4 in moderate- and high-dose immunosuppression groups. X-ray and microCT scan showed significant tibial bone destruction in moderate- and high-dose groups. The moderate- and high-dose groups showed similar ALP activities but both were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Immunosuppression with a moderate dose of dexamethasone results in longer survival time of the human lung cancer xenograft-bearing model mice as well as a higher tumor formation rate.