BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） carries a considerable disability burden. Intolerance of uncertainty （IU） is associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms， yet its neural underpinnings remain unclear. The cerebellum has been implicated in uncertainty processing and demonstrates structural and functional abnormalities in OCD， but direct evidence linking its spontaneous activity to the relationship between IU and obsessive-compulsive symptoms is still lacking. ObjectiveTo explore the pathway through which spontaneous cerebellar neural activity mediates the relationship between IU and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients， with the aim of providing a new perspective for understanding the neural mechanisms of OCD. MethodsA total of 51 patients with OCD who visited the Mental Health Center outpatient clinic of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from November 2022 to November 2024 and met the diagnostic criteria for OCD according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. During the same period， 43 community-based volunteers matched for gender and age were enrolled as the control group. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from two groups. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation （ALFF） analysis was used to compare whole-brain spontaneous neural activity between two groups. Clinical assessments were conducted using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale （Y-BOCS） and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 （IUS-12）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine correlations between cerebellar ALFF values and scale scores in OCD patients. Using IU as the independent variable， obsessive-compulsive symptoms as the dependent variable， and ALFF values from between-group difference brain regions as the mediator， Process 4.0 for SPSS 24.0 （model 4） was used to examine the mediating role of these ALFF values between IU and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The Bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect. ResultsA total of 47 OCD patients and 40 controls completed this study. Compared with the control group， the OCD group showed decreased ALFF values in the right cerebellar Crus Ⅱ （t=-5.254， FWE-corrected P<0.01）. Correlation analysis revealed that ALFF value in the right cerebellar Crus Ⅱ was negatively correlated with Y-BOCS total score （r=-0.851）， compulsive behavior subscale score （r=-0.647）， IUS-12 total scores （r=-0.617）， and prospective IU subscale scores （r=-0.717） in OCD group （P<0.01）. Prospective IU subscale scores were positively correlated with Y-BOCS total scores （r=0.811） and compulsive behavior subscale score （r=0.535） （P<0.01）. Mediation analysis showed that ALFF value in the right cerebellar Crus Ⅱ region partially mediated the effect of prospective IU on obsessive-compulsive behavior， with a mediation effect of 0.064 （95% CI： 0.004–0.136）， accounting for 24.57% of the total effect. ConclusionPatients with OCD showed reduced spontaneous neural activity in the right cerebellar Crus Ⅱ region， which was significantly associated with IU and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This region partially mediated the effect of IU on compulsive behaviors. ［Funded by Basic Conditions and Innovation Platform Construction Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2023 （number， 2022YXGCJS001）］

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） is a common neuropsychiatric illness and is listed as one of the top ten disabling conditions causing loss of income and reduced quality of life. Psychological distress is an important cause of anhedonia in OCD patients， and is closely related to psychosomatic symptoms. Therefore， exploring the role of anhedonia in the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms is of great significance for optimizing clinical psychological treatment protocols for OCD patients. ObjectiveTo explore the role of anhedonia in the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms in OCD patients， with the aim of providing references for managing psychosomatic symptoms in patients. MethodsA total of 90 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for OCD according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）， and who visited the Mental Health Center outpatient clinic of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2023 to November 2024 were selected as the study objects. The instruments and techniques used for the evaluation were： Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale （DARS）， 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale （K10） and Psychosomatic Symptom Scale （PSSS）. Model 4 of the Process for SPSS 26.0 was used to test the mediating role of anhedonia in the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms， with Bootstrapping used to assess the significance of mediating effect. ResultsA total of 84 patients （93.33%） completed the valid questionnaire. K10 score was positively correlated with PSSS total score， psychological symptom score and physical symptom score （r=0.559， 0.460， 0.551， P<0.01）. K10 score was negatively correlated with DARS total score （r=-0.527， P<0.01）. The total score of DARS was negatively correlated with PSSS total score （r=-0.497， P<0.01）. Anhedonia mediated the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms， with an indirect effect value was 0.148 （95% CI： 0.042~0.278）， accounting for 26.48% of the total effect. ConclusionPsychological distress can affect the psychosomatic symptoms in OCD patients both directly and indirectly via anhedonia.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological, etiological and genetic characteristics of influenza virus in Shandong Province during 2023-2024.Methods:The surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) in sentinel hospitals in Shandong from 2023 to 2024 were collected and analyzed. The isolated influenza strains with hemagglutination titers ≥8 were selected for antigenicity analysis, drug susceptibility test, gene sequencing and evolutionary analysis.Results:From 2023 to 2024, the positive rate of influenza virus in Shandong was 8.51% (23 663/277 995), the highest positive rate was in the age group of 5-14 years (15.78%, 6 073/38 478), and the highest positive rate was in the 49 th week (35.86%, 2 264/6 313). Both antigenicity analysis and evolutionary analysis showed that the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype and B(Victoria) strain had good matching effect and close evolutionary distance with the 2023-2024 surveillance year vaccine strain. The A(H3N2) subtype strain did not have a high matching effect with the 2023-2024 vaccine strain and had a long evolutionary distance, but had a close evolutionary distance with the 2024-2025 vaccine strain. Drug susceptibility test showed that oseltamivir sensitivity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strain decreased greatly, and the amino acid site mutation of neuraminidase was H275Y. Conclusions:In the 2023-2024 surveillance year, the peak of influenza virus epidemic in Shandong was mainly occurred in winter and spring, and the age group of 5-14 years was the focus of prevention and control. The dominant strain was subtype A(H3N2), which had poor matching effect with the vaccine strain in the 2023-2024 surveillance year. One A(H1N1)pdm09 resistant strain was found in the drug resistance monitoring work. Follow-up prevention and control work should be strengthen the surveillance for the epidemiological characteristics, genetic variation and drug resistance of influenza viruses, timely understand the epidemic trend and mutation of influenza viruses, timely discover drug-resistant strains of influenza viruses, promote influenza vaccination, and improve of influenza prevention and control.

Objective To use chromosome microarray analysis(CMA)technology to detect and analyze spontaneous abortion tissues,and explore the genetic factors that contribute to the occurrence of spontaneous abortion.Methods The abortion tissues of totally 1 038 patients with spontaneous abortion who came to the hospital for treatment from January 1,2019 to December 31,2021 were collected.CMA technology was used to detect the tissues,and the results were analyzed for genetic etiology.Results Among 1 038 cases of spontane-ous abortion patients,901 cases were qualified for sampling and 901 cases were actually tested.There were 443 cases of chromosomal abnormalities and(or)copy number variations(CNV)with unknown significance de-tected by CMA,with an abnormality rate of 49.17％.There were 41 cases of pathogenic CNV,accounting for 9.26％of the total abnormalities.There were statistically significant differences in the total chromosome ab-normality rate(x2=17.37)and chromosome number abnormality rate(x2=26.43)of aborted fetuses among different age groups of pregnant women(P＜0.001).There were statistically significant differences in the to-tal chromosome abnormality rate(x2=19.63)and chromosome number abnormality rate(x2=22.66)of dif-ferent miscarriage tissues during pregnancy(P＜0.001).Conclusion The application of CMA technology to detect the miscarriage tissue of patients with spontaneous abortion can improve the detection rate of chromo-somal abnormalities in miscarriage embryos,discover potential genetic factors,and provide genetic guidance for patients' next pregnancy.

Objective:To analyze the respiratory virus infection status and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Shandong Province during the 2020 -2021 influenza surveillance year. Methods:According to the National Influenza Surveillance Plan (2017 version), throat swab samples of ILI cases were collected from 14 surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shandong Province. Nucleic acid was extracted from all samples. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect six common viruses, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (ADV). Subsequently, the obtained detection results were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 386 specimens were collected, with a detection rate of 24.22% (578). Six viruses were detected, with detection rates of 6.75% (162 cases) for HMPV, 5.87% (140 cases) for RSV, 3.56% (85 cases) for HPIV3, 3.14% (75 cases) for HPIV2, 2.98% (71 cases) for HPIV1, and 2.77% (66 cases) for ADV. There was no significant difference in detection rates between genders, but a notable variation among different age groups ( P<0.001). The highest detection rate was observed in individuals aged 0-4 years (31.94%), followed by those aged≥60 years (26.06%). The prevalence of six viruses showed a monthly variation, with the detection rate of HMPV being higher in December and HPIV1 being higher in February. HPIV2, HPIV3, RSV, and ADV had higher detection rates in November. The co-detection rate of multiple viruses was 0.80%, with RSV being the most common pathogen involved in co-detection, primarily in individuals aged 0-4 years. Conclusion:The detection of six multiple pathogens in ILI cases in Shandong Province is dominated by HMPV, RSV and HPIV3. The prevalence of respiratory viruses varies by age and time.

This study investigated the epidemic status of H3N2 influenza virus and the genetic evolution characteristics of hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA)of H3N2 subtype influenza viruses isolated in Shandong Province during 2023-2024,to understand their compatibility with vaccine strains and drug resistance status.A total of 25 H3N2 subtype influenza virus strains were randomly selected from the strains isolated by the influenza surveillance network laboratory.The HA and NA genes were sequenced with the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO as a reference.Monitoring of sensitivity to oseltamivir and zanamivir was conducted through neuraminidase inhibition experiments.The H3N2 influenza viruses in Shandong Province belonged to the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 clade.Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the HA1 and NA genes were closely related to the WHO-recommended vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 for the current season,with homology rates of 97.8%-98.2%and 98.9%-99.3%,respectively.Amino acid sequence analysis indicated 22 amino acid sequence variations in the HA1 protein,and antigenic drift was detected in 8 strains.A glycosylation site was added at position 94 of the HA protein in all 25 strains.Variations occurred in the NA antigenic determinants of some strains.Neuraminidase inhibition experiments indicated that all tested influenza viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.Some differences in HA and NA proteins were observed between the monitored strains and vaccine strains.Continued monitoring of the molecular evolution characteristics of influenza viruses is necessary to understand the risk of influenza outbreaks,and their effects on the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and therapeutic drugs.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological, etiological and genetic characteristics of influenza virus in Shandong Province during 2023-2024.Methods:The surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) in sentinel hospitals in Shandong from 2023 to 2024 were collected and analyzed. The isolated influenza strains with hemagglutination titers ≥8 were selected for antigenicity analysis, drug susceptibility test, gene sequencing and evolutionary analysis.Results:From 2023 to 2024, the positive rate of influenza virus in Shandong was 8.51% (23 663/277 995), the highest positive rate was in the age group of 5-14 years (15.78%, 6 073/38 478), and the highest positive rate was in the 49 th week (35.86%, 2 264/6 313). Both antigenicity analysis and evolutionary analysis showed that the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype and B(Victoria) strain had good matching effect and close evolutionary distance with the 2023-2024 surveillance year vaccine strain. The A(H3N2) subtype strain did not have a high matching effect with the 2023-2024 vaccine strain and had a long evolutionary distance, but had a close evolutionary distance with the 2024-2025 vaccine strain. Drug susceptibility test showed that oseltamivir sensitivity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strain decreased greatly, and the amino acid site mutation of neuraminidase was H275Y. Conclusions:In the 2023-2024 surveillance year, the peak of influenza virus epidemic in Shandong was mainly occurred in winter and spring, and the age group of 5-14 years was the focus of prevention and control. The dominant strain was subtype A(H3N2), which had poor matching effect with the vaccine strain in the 2023-2024 surveillance year. One A(H1N1)pdm09 resistant strain was found in the drug resistance monitoring work. Follow-up prevention and control work should be strengthen the surveillance for the epidemiological characteristics, genetic variation and drug resistance of influenza viruses, timely understand the epidemic trend and mutation of influenza viruses, timely discover drug-resistant strains of influenza viruses, promote influenza vaccination, and improve of influenza prevention and control.

This study investigated the epidemic status of H3N2 influenza virus and the genetic evolution characteristics of hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA)of H3N2 subtype influenza viruses isolated in Shandong Province during 2023-2024,to understand their compatibility with vaccine strains and drug resistance status.A total of 25 H3N2 subtype influenza virus strains were randomly selected from the strains isolated by the influenza surveillance network laboratory.The HA and NA genes were sequenced with the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO as a reference.Monitoring of sensitivity to oseltamivir and zanamivir was conducted through neuraminidase inhibition experiments.The H3N2 influenza viruses in Shandong Province belonged to the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 clade.Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the HA1 and NA genes were closely related to the WHO-recommended vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 for the current season,with homology rates of 97.8%-98.2%and 98.9%-99.3%,respectively.Amino acid sequence analysis indicated 22 amino acid sequence variations in the HA1 protein,and antigenic drift was detected in 8 strains.A glycosylation site was added at position 94 of the HA protein in all 25 strains.Variations occurred in the NA antigenic determinants of some strains.Neuraminidase inhibition experiments indicated that all tested influenza viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.Some differences in HA and NA proteins were observed between the monitored strains and vaccine strains.Continued monitoring of the molecular evolution characteristics of influenza viruses is necessary to understand the risk of influenza outbreaks,and their effects on the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and therapeutic drugs.

Objective:To analyze the respiratory virus infection status and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Shandong Province during the 2020 -2021 influenza surveillance year. Methods:According to the National Influenza Surveillance Plan (2017 version), throat swab samples of ILI cases were collected from 14 surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shandong Province. Nucleic acid was extracted from all samples. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect six common viruses, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (ADV). Subsequently, the obtained detection results were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 386 specimens were collected, with a detection rate of 24.22% (578). Six viruses were detected, with detection rates of 6.75% (162 cases) for HMPV, 5.87% (140 cases) for RSV, 3.56% (85 cases) for HPIV3, 3.14% (75 cases) for HPIV2, 2.98% (71 cases) for HPIV1, and 2.77% (66 cases) for ADV. There was no significant difference in detection rates between genders, but a notable variation among different age groups ( P<0.001). The highest detection rate was observed in individuals aged 0-4 years (31.94%), followed by those aged≥60 years (26.06%). The prevalence of six viruses showed a monthly variation, with the detection rate of HMPV being higher in December and HPIV1 being higher in February. HPIV2, HPIV3, RSV, and ADV had higher detection rates in November. The co-detection rate of multiple viruses was 0.80%, with RSV being the most common pathogen involved in co-detection, primarily in individuals aged 0-4 years. Conclusion:The detection of six multiple pathogens in ILI cases in Shandong Province is dominated by HMPV, RSV and HPIV3. The prevalence of respiratory viruses varies by age and time.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of working memory (WM) in the cortisol-awakening response (CAR) and multiple object tracking (MOT) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:92 children with ADHD (ADHD group) and 94 typically developing children (control group) were selected from January 2022 to October 2022. Salivary cortisol levels were detected and analyzed in all children at four time points after awakening. Children's WM and MOT performance were assessed by the 1-back and MOT paradigms, respectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used for t-test and Pearson correlation analysis of the data, and plug-in PROCESS model 4 of SPSS 26.0 was used for mediated effects analysis. Results:(1) ADHD group showed significantly lower CAR, 1-back accuracy and MOT performance((30.97±5.63), (81.33±10.64) %, (2.36±0.37)) than the control group((32.41±3.48), (91.19±7.12) %, (2.62±0.28))( t=-2.09, -7.22, -5.31, all P<0.05). (2) Pearson analysis showed that CAR was positively correlated with 1-back accuracy ( r=0.293, P<0.01) and MOT performance ( r=0.740, P<0.01). 1-back accuracy was positively correlated with MOT performance ( r=0.368, P<0.01). (3) WM partially mediated the effect of CAR on MOT in children with ADHD, accounting for 6.13% (0.003/0.049) of the total effect. Conclusion:Children with ADHD have deficits in MOT.WM plays a mediating role between CAR and MOT performance in children with ADHD.