Objective To analyze the infection status and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus(HPV)in males in Yichang Central People's Hospital,Hubei Province.Methods Clinical data of 922 males who visited Yichang Central People's Hospital and underwent HPV nucleic acid testing from July 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected and ana-lyzed.Results Among 922 males,347 cases were HPV positive,and the positive rate was 37.64％(the positive rate of single in-fection was 25.60％,and the positive rate of multiple infections was 12.04％).A total of 25 subtypes of HPV were detected,and the positive constituent ratios from high to low were HPV6,11,52,16,44,58,etc.The positive constituent ratios of low-risk,intermediate-risk and high-risk HPV types were 54.19％,3.90％and 41.91％respectively,and the difference was statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05).For comparison among age groups,the positive rates of HPV infection,multiple infection,simple low-risk infection,and mixed infection of high-risk,medium-risk,and low-risk types were all higher in the≥65 years old group(all P＜0.05).The positive rate of simple high-risk HPV infection was relatively high in the 45-54 age group(P＜0.05).For comparison within age groups,the positive rates of single HPV infection in the 25-34 age group,the 35-44 age group,and the 45-54 age group were all higher than those of multiple infections(all P＜0.05).The positive rate of simple high-risk HPV in-fection was higher in the 45-54 age group,and the positive rate of simple low-risk HPV infection was higher in the other age groups(all P＜0.05).The positive rate of HPV in patients with warts was 67.32％,and the main subtypes were HPV6,11,16,44.The positive rate of HPV in patients with urinary tract infection was 25.61％,and the main subtypes were HPV6,52,58,16.The positive rate of HPV in fertility examination was 41.94％,and the main subtypes were HPV52 and 58.The positive rate of HPV in health examination was 19.02％,and the main subtypes were HPV52,16 and 51.Conclusion HPV infection in males in our hospital is mainly a single infection.HPV6,11,52,16,44 and 58 were the most common.Low-risk HPV has a rela-tively high proportion of infections.The positive rate of HPV infection is relatively high among the middle-aged and elderly groups.Warts,rashes and balanitis were mainly simple low-risk HPV infection.Urinary tract infection,fertility examination and physical examination were mainly high-risk HPV infection.

Objective To analyze the infection status and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus(HPV)in males in Yichang Central People's Hospital,Hubei Province.Methods Clinical data of 922 males who visited Yichang Central People's Hospital and underwent HPV nucleic acid testing from July 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected and ana-lyzed.Results Among 922 males,347 cases were HPV positive,and the positive rate was 37.64％(the positive rate of single in-fection was 25.60％,and the positive rate of multiple infections was 12.04％).A total of 25 subtypes of HPV were detected,and the positive constituent ratios from high to low were HPV6,11,52,16,44,58,etc.The positive constituent ratios of low-risk,intermediate-risk and high-risk HPV types were 54.19％,3.90％and 41.91％respectively,and the difference was statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05).For comparison among age groups,the positive rates of HPV infection,multiple infection,simple low-risk infection,and mixed infection of high-risk,medium-risk,and low-risk types were all higher in the≥65 years old group(all P＜0.05).The positive rate of simple high-risk HPV infection was relatively high in the 45-54 age group(P＜0.05).For comparison within age groups,the positive rates of single HPV infection in the 25-34 age group,the 35-44 age group,and the 45-54 age group were all higher than those of multiple infections(all P＜0.05).The positive rate of simple high-risk HPV in-fection was higher in the 45-54 age group,and the positive rate of simple low-risk HPV infection was higher in the other age groups(all P＜0.05).The positive rate of HPV in patients with warts was 67.32％,and the main subtypes were HPV6,11,16,44.The positive rate of HPV in patients with urinary tract infection was 25.61％,and the main subtypes were HPV6,52,58,16.The positive rate of HPV in fertility examination was 41.94％,and the main subtypes were HPV52 and 58.The positive rate of HPV in health examination was 19.02％,and the main subtypes were HPV52,16 and 51.Conclusion HPV infection in males in our hospital is mainly a single infection.HPV6,11,52,16,44 and 58 were the most common.Low-risk HPV has a rela-tively high proportion of infections.The positive rate of HPV infection is relatively high among the middle-aged and elderly groups.Warts,rashes and balanitis were mainly simple low-risk HPV infection.Urinary tract infection,fertility examination and physical examination were mainly high-risk HPV infection.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens among the population in the region,and provide reference for epidemic prevention and control.Methods A total of 11 065 patients who visited the hospital from March 2023 to February 2024 due to respiratory infections and underwent nucleic acid testing for 13 respiratory pathogens were selected.The infection status and epidemio-logical characteristics of pathogens in people with different genders,and ages,and in different seasons were an-alyzed.Results The total positive rate of nucleic acid detection of 13 respiratory pathogens in 11 065 patients was 57.05%,and the infections were mainly caused by single pathogen and two pathogens.The positive rate of males was 56.53%,the positive rate of females was 57.73%,and there was no statistically significant difference in positive rates between males and females(P>0.05).The positive rates of infant group(79.20%),preschool group(79.57%),and adolescent group(70.18%)were significantly higher than those of middle-aged and young group(35.61%)and elderly group(32.26%,P<0.05).The positive rates in spring,summer,autumn,and winter were 43.34%,49.91%,64.69%,and 59.80%,respectively,with statisti-cally significant differences(P<0.05),and the positive rates were higher in autumn and winter.The top five positive rates of 13 respiratory pathogens were mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),human rhinovirus(HRV),in-fluenza A virus(Flu A),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),human metapneumovirus nucleic acid(HMPV).Conclusion Respiratory pathogen infections in the region are mainly caused by single pathogen and two pathogens.The high-risk population for infection is infants,preschool children,and adolescents.The high inci-dence seasons for infection are autumn and winter.The pathogens with high incidence of infection are MP,HRV,Flu A,RSV,HMPV,etc.

A young female patient with acne and elevated testosterone level underwent plasma steroid hormones testing and found a significant increase in aldosterone. We excluded testing interference and verified the absence of hypertension, hypokalemia, and adrenal occupancy, as well as primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. During follow-up, a temporal correlation was found between aldosterone levels and the use of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets. It was observed that the combination of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol could lead to the increase of aldosterone level and the concentration ratio of aldosterone to direct renin through different mechanisms. Drospirenone exerts an antagonistic effect on mineralocorticoid receptor to prevent the development of hypertension or hypokalemia. In clinical practice, it is necessary to pay attention to the effect of this drug on screening markers for primary aldosteronism. In the laboratory examination, when female patients with no symptoms of hypertension and hypokalemia but with elevated aldosterone levels are encountered, it can be verified whether they have a history of use of compound estrogen-progestin such as drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets, and appropriate tips are provided in the report.

Due to traditional professional divisions, the practice of endoscopy by gastro-intestinal surgeons in China remains controversial. However, with the evolution of treatment philo-sophies, medical technology, and equipment advancements, a trend of integration between tradi-tional surgery and endoscopy is emerging. Gastrointestinal surgeons performing endoscopy can maxi-mize patient benefits, and they naturally possess advantages in conducting endoscopic procedures. It is recommended to further establish entry thresholds for surgeons to perform endoscopy, provide standardized endoscopic training for surgeons, and coordinate efforts at the administrative depart-ment. With the support of artificial intelligence, more patients can receive minimally invasive, indivi-dualized, and precise treatments.

Inhibiting the death receptor 3(DR3)signaling pathway in group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)pre-sents a promising approach for promoting mucosal repair in individuals with ulcerative colitis(UC).Paeoniflorin,a prominent component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,has demonstrated the ability to restore barrier function in UC mice,but the precise mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to delve into whether paeoniflorin may promote intestinal mucosal repair in chronic colitis by inhibiting DR3 signaling in ILC3s.C57BL/6 mice were subjected to random allocation into 7 distinct groups,namely the control group,the 2％dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)group,the paeoniflorin groups(25,50,and 100 mg/kg),the anti-tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A(anti-TL1A)antibody group,and the IgG group.We detected the expression of DR3 signaling pathway proteins and the proportion of ILC3s in the mouse colon using Western blot and flow cytometry,respectively.Meanwhile,DR3-overexpressing MNK-3 cells and 2％ DSS-induced Rag1-/-mice were used for verification.The results showed that paeoniflorin alleviated DSS-induced chronic colitis and repaired the intestinal mucosal barrier.Simultaneously,paeoniflorin inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s and regulated the content of cytokines(interleukin-17A,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,and interleukin-22).Alternatively,paeoniflorin directly inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s to repair mucosal damage indepen-dently of the adaptive immune system.We additionally confirmed that paeoniflorin-conditioned me-dium(CM)restored the expression of tight junctions in Caco-2 cells via coculture.In conclusion,paeoniflorin ameliorates chronic colitis by enhancing the intestinal barrier in an ILC3-dependent manner,and its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the DR3 signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the clinical phenotypes and mutation types of children with X-linked Alport syndrome(XLAS)with mutations in COL4A5 gene,and to explore the relationship between children with XLAS and nephrotic syndrome nephritic type.Methods Thirty-two children with COL4A5 gene mutations detected by second-generation sequencing and finally diagnosed with Alport syndrome at Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated with Jinan University and the First People's Hospital of Guangzhou between April 2016 and April 2023 were included,and their clinicopathological features and gene mutation characteristics were retrospectively analyzed.Results The mean age of onset of disease in children with XLAS was(3.68±2.07)years old,the mean age at diagnosis(6.56±2.95)years old,12 cases(37.5%)started with isolated hematuria,8 cases(25%)started with hematuria and proteinuria,12 cases(37.5%)started with nephrotic syndrome nephritic phenotype,and the positive family history of the children was found in 11 cases(34.4%),ocular lesions were found in 3 cases(9.37%),ear lesions in 6 cases(18.75%),and 7 cases(21.87%)were found to have developed chronic kidney disease(CKD)in the later follow-up.21 children underwent renal tissue puncture biopsy,and electron microscopy showed thinning of the basement membrane(diffuse or segmental)in 13 cases(61.9%),and uneven thickness of the basement membrane in 8 cases(38.09%);light microscopy showed thinning of the basement membrane in 13 cases(61.9%);light microscopy showed thinning of the basement membrane in 8 cases(38.09%);and light microscopy showed thinning of the basement membrane in 3 cases(11.5%).(38.09%);light microscopy:focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)in 2 cases(9.52%),mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(Ms PGN)in 11 cases(52.38%),and minimal change disease(MCD)in 8 cases(38.09%).The type of mutation was categorized as missense mutation in 12 cases(37.5%),shear site mutation in 9 cases(28.12%),nonsense mutation in 6 cases(18.75%),deletion mutation in 3 cases(9.37%),and code shift mutation in 2 cases(6.25%).Genetic mutations were present in 22 cases(68.75%);spontaneous mutations were present in 10 cases(27.02%).Conclusions Children with XLAS have atypical clinical manifestations and pathologic features in the early stage of the disease,and the progress is slow,and some of them are easy to be misdiagnosed as nephrotic syndrome nephritis type in the early stage,so it is important to improve the genetic test for this disease as early as possible,and to make reason-able drug choices to predict the prognosis scientifically.

Objective:The characteristics of women with false elevated testosterone were analyze and the literature was reviewed to provide reference for clinical laboratory identification of false elevated testosterone.Methods:The characteristics of three patients with false elevated testosterone in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed retrospectively, and the results of different detection platforms and methods for the determination of testosterone levels were compared. International and domestic literatures related to false elevation of testosterone and detection methods of testosterone were searched for a comprehensive analysis from PUBMED and CNKI.Results:The levels of testosterone in 3 female patients were elevated by immunoassay and normal by mass spectrometry. They were excluded from the diagnosis of hyperandrogenemia. A total of 38 literatures related to testosterone detection were retrieved, of which 9 case reports of pseudohyperandrogenemia, among which 12 cases of pseudohyperandrogenemia were reported in 2 domestic literatures in 2021. All cases were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Previous studies have clearly indicated that the result of routine immunoassay in clinical laboratory for the determination of female testosterone have poor correlation with the results of LC-MS/MS, with varying degrees of deviation.Conclusions:Immunoassay tests for female testosterone is susceptible to interference and lead to elevated false results. It is suggested that clinical laboratories evaluate the detection methods used and establish a identification program, and confirm samples with suspected pseudoelevated testosterone elevation using other immune platforms or LC-MS/MS.