Oncolytic virus is a unique anti-tumor immunotherapy that can specifically infect and lyse tumor cells,while inducing and activating the body's own anti-tumor immune response to attack tumors.So far,three oncolytic viruses have been approved for marketing.In 2005,China first approved recombinant human adenovirus type 5(H101/Oncorine)combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer patients.In 2015,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved herpes simplex virus type I(T-VEC)for the treatment of recurrent melanoma after primary surgery,T-VEC was subsequently approved in Europe.In 2021,Japan's Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare approved third-generation recombinant herpes simplex virus type I(Delytact/G47Δ)for the treatment of malignant glioma.Although the approval of H101 in China marks a breakthrough in the development of oncolytic viruses,compared to T-VEC and Delytact,H101 has not significantly impacted the treatment of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.This may be due to its inability to provide a complete tumor response as a monotherapy,and the fact that most nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in China undergo radiotherapy,making it difficult for them to benefit from chemotherapy combined with H101.Therefore,this treatment regimen still needs improvement.In recent years,with the maturity of genetic engineering technology,oncolytic viruses have been continuously improved and refined.This review summarizes the clinical research progress of oncolytic viruses and discusses their characteristics and development prospects.

Oncolytic virus is a unique anti-tumor immunotherapy that can specifically infect and lyse tumor cells,while inducing and activating the body's own anti-tumor immune response to attack tumors.So far,three oncolytic viruses have been approved for marketing.In 2005,China first approved recombinant human adenovirus type 5(H101/Oncorine)combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer patients.In 2015,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved herpes simplex virus type I(T-VEC)for the treatment of recurrent melanoma after primary surgery,T-VEC was subsequently approved in Europe.In 2021,Japan's Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare approved third-generation recombinant herpes simplex virus type I(Delytact/G47Δ)for the treatment of malignant glioma.Although the approval of H101 in China marks a breakthrough in the development of oncolytic viruses,compared to T-VEC and Delytact,H101 has not significantly impacted the treatment of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.This may be due to its inability to provide a complete tumor response as a monotherapy,and the fact that most nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in China undergo radiotherapy,making it difficult for them to benefit from chemotherapy combined with H101.Therefore,this treatment regimen still needs improvement.In recent years,with the maturity of genetic engineering technology,oncolytic viruses have been continuously improved and refined.This review summarizes the clinical research progress of oncolytic viruses and discusses their characteristics and development prospects.

Led by Zheng Shusen, Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) from Zhejiang University, the first multi-center cooperation project of liver transplantation for metastatic liver cancer in China, gathering 28 liver transplantation centers nationwide, was launched in Shanghai. All participating experts conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions regarding four topics including inclusion criteria of liver transplantation for metastatic liver cancer, the risk assessment and prognostic evaluation of liver transplantation for metastatic liver cancer, perioperative medication of liver transplantation for metastatic liver cancer, and the implementation details of multi-center cooperation project. Questionnaires were distributed to reach consensus and pinpoint the directions, aiming to carry out high-quality and standardized clinical researches on liver transplantation for metastatic liver cancer in China.

Objective:To evaluate the preoperative localization value of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle tattooing (EUS-FNT) for laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in pancreatic lesions with a maximum diameter ≤3 cm.Methods:From November 2017 to October 2022, at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, the data of patients with pancreatic lesions ≤3 cm who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Eight patients who underwent EUS-FNT assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy were included in the fine needle tattooing (FNT) combined laparoscopic group. And 14 patients who underwent simple laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy were taken as the simple laparoscopic group. The success rate and complications of EUS-FNT were observed. The differences in operation time, surgery-related complications and complete resection rate of lesions between the two groups were compared. Mann-Whitney U test and descriptive analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:In the FNT combined laparoscopic group, the lesions of 4 cases were located in the pancreatic body and 4 cases in the pancreatic tail. In the simple laparoscopic group, the lesions of 4 cases were located in the pancreatic body and 10 cases in the pancreatic tail. There was a significant difference in lesion size between the two groups (14.5 mm (10.8 mm, 16.5 mm) vs. 27.0 mm (23.5 mm, 30.0 mm), Z=-3.09, P=0.001). In the FNT combined laparoscopic group, EUS-FNT was successfully performed in all 8 patients. The average time of laparoscopy after EUS-FNT was (98.4±8.8) min. The marks were clearly visible under the laparoscopic field of view, and no complications such as abdominal hemorrhage and hematoma were observed. Laparoscopic pancreaticocaudectomy was performed in 5 cases and pancreaticocaudectomy plus splenectomy in 3 cases. The median operation time was 192.5 min (176.3 min, 203.8 min). The amount of intraoperative bleeding was large in 2 patients and blood transfusion was needed. The lesions were one-time completely resected in all 8 patients. The postoperative pathology were 6 cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, 1 case of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and 1 case of solid pseudopapilloma. In the simple laparoscopic group, laparoscopic pancreaticocaudectomy was performed in 2 cases and pancreaticocaudectomy plus splenectomy in 12 cases. The median operation time was 202.5 min (192.8 min, 235.0 min), which was longer than that of FNT combined laparoscopic group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The amount of intraoperative bleeding was large in 2 patients and blood transfusion was needed. In 1 patient with pancreatic body lesions, no lesion was found in the specimen examination after the first pancreatectomy, and the lesions were completely resected after the second partial pancreatectomy. Active abdominal hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient on the second day after operation, and underwent interventional embolization for hemostasis. Two weeks after surgery, 1 patient was found to have a encapsulated fluid with a long diameter of 6 cm around the pancreas by computed tomography re-examination 2 weeks after surgery. The postoperative pathology were 5 cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, 2 cases of IPMN, 1 case of solid pseudopapilloma, 1 case of pancreatic cyst with glandular low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 1 case of ectopic spleen, and 4 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conclusion:EUS-FNT can effectively localize small pancreatic lesions before laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, shorten the operation time and improve the complete resection rate under laparoscopy.

Colorectal cancer has been one of the leading malignancies with a high incidence and a great mortality in the world, Liver is the most common site of metastases.For nonresectable colorectal liver metastases(nrCRLM), no palliative therapy brings any change of terminal death.With limited sample sizes but long enough follow-ups, a series of clinical trials have confirmed that selected nrCRLM patients may be cured by liver transplantation(LT). However, there are great challenges of donor shortage, recipient criteria and high recurrence rate after LT.For promoting the curative effect and quality control, the authors elaborated upon various major issues of LT for nrCRLM, including non-resectability of colorectal liver metastases, chemotherapy-associated liver injuries, prognostic factors, surgical approaches and post-transplant therapies.

Background::Pancreatitis is a common disease of the digestive system. Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons for gastrointestinal hospital admission, and chronic pancreatitis significantly reduces quality of life. However, national epidemiological data on pancreatitis in China are lacking. This study aimed to quantify the disease burden of pancreatitis in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods::This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 dataset. Age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the disease burden of pancreatitis, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to indicate the average change in age-standardized rates. We also described the trend of pancreatitis-related mortality and DALYs, which are attributable to alcohol use by age and sex.Results::From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and age-standardized DALYs of pancreatitis in China decreased by 10.90, 1.50, 0.49, and 15.54 per 100,000, respectively, with EAPCs of -1.35 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: -1.67, -1.02) and -0.37 (95% UI: -0.43, -0.31), -2.01 (95% UI: -2.07, -1.94) and -2.32 (95% UI: -2.37, -2.28), respectively. Recently, the numbers of incident and prevalent cases have risen, with estimates of 380,018 (95% UI: 308,669-462,767) and 493,765 (95% UI: 416,705-578,675), respectively, in 2019. Among men, the disease burden of pancreatitis was more severe than among women, and with variances in the distribution among different age groups. Age-standardized DALYs caused by alcohol-related pancreatitis have gradually worsened in the past decade, accounting for 34.09% of the total in 2019.Conclusions::The disease burden of pancreatitis in China has declined in the past 30 years, but the exacerbation of population aging poses a challenge to prevention and control of pancreatitis. Alcohol use has gradually become an important factor in the disease burden of pancreatitis in recent years.

Objective: To explore the safety of liver transplantation recipients with Rh blood group mismatchming. Methods: From May 2005 to December 2018, 1 546 cases of liver transplantation in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among these cases, 5 cases of Rh blood group mismatched were Rh(-) recipients receiving Rh(+ ) donor liver. For each Rh blood group mismatched liver transplantation, 5 patients received the same Rh blood group liver allograft were matched according to a certain principle and were defined as Rh-mismatch group and Rh-match group respectively. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and creatinine(SCr)were compared between two groups at Days 7 & 14 post-operation. Serum total bilirubin(TB), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)were compared between two groups at Month 1, 6 & 12 post-operation. Hemoglobin (Hb)were compared between two groups Month 1, 3 & 6 post-operation. The rates of infection, vascular complications and acute rejection was also compared. Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)was used for detecting the production of anti-RhD antibody in patients in Rh-mismatch group at Month 1, 6 & 12 post-operation. Results: At the mentioned time, no significant inter-group difference existed in serum ALT, AST, SCr, TB, GGT and blood Hb levels(all P>0.05); Also, no significant difference existed in the incidence of infection, vascular complications or acute rejection(all P>0.05). In Rhmismatch group, 4 recipients received Rh(+ )RBC transfusion during perioperative period and no hemolytic anemia occurred after operation. Rh(D) antibody was negative at all timepoints. Conclusions Taking into account the rarity of Rh-negative blood group in Chinese, it is safe and feasible to carry out Rh blood group mismatched liver transplantation when donor or recipient with the same Rh blood group is not available.

Objective To analyze the situation of table tennis competitions in emergency public health events, find the possible weak links in the emergency rescue and care work, put forward the hospital in response to emergency public health emergency preparedness plan, health emergency drills and emergency rescue personnel training and so on targeted reference views. Methods A total of four public health emergencies such as traffic accident, mass food poisoning, fire and bird flu were selected as the theme of the competition to simulate the emergency rescue process after the emergency,the examination of each team is divided into pre-hospital disposal and hospital disposal links. Results The score of Crash in Batches was 225.13 ± 8.38, followed by Fire accident 222.78 ± 16.57, Avian Influenza 210.32 ± 11.19, Group Food poisoning 204.80 ± 6.77, the difference was statistically significant (F=8.706,P=0.000). The scores of pre-hospital treatment in all four subjects were109.04±4.80, 108.62±10.12, 98.24±6.95, 101.14± 8.85,lower than those in hospital, which were 116.09±4.79, 114.16±7.61, 106.56±5.31, 109.18±4.24, the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.130--2.338,P＜0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions On the different topics exposed in the desktop exercise competition and the differences between the pre-hospital treatment and the hospital disposal, the nursing managers should strengthen the training and practice of public health emergencies with different themes, and pay attention to the pre-hospital emergency public health emergencies training and rehearsal,the emergency response plans for public health emergencies were revised and improved through the health emergency drills.

Objective To explore the real life experience of family caregivers among mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients during health care so as to provide a reference for reducing family caregivers burden.Methods From March 2017 to March 2018,we selected 18 family caregivers of community MCI patients in Department of Neurology,rehabilitation and memory outpatient at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University as subjects by purposive sampling.Semi-structured interview,a phenomenological approach of qualitative research,was used to collect data,and Colazzi analysis was used to sort out,analyze data and refine theme.Results A total of four themes in real life experience of family caregivers of community MCI patients were extracted including family caregivers lacking knowledge about disease (fear,worry and stigma),family caregivers being with high pressure during health care,compromising and confronting actively,expecting to seek more social supports (eager to learn disease-related knowledge,hope to get relatives' understanding and help,gain community supports and environmental supports).Conclusions Community MCI health care brings negative influences on life of family caregivers.Medical staff,family members and community organization need to provide multi-path support to reduce mental pressure and social economic burden of family caregivers of community MCI patients so as to improve their quality of life.

The understanding of anatomical structures and their adjacent relationship is the founda-tion and key to the development of surgical skills and clinical thinking. In clinical teaching for residents and graduate students , we took the advantage of donor operations in organ transplantation and showed abdominal anal operations anatomical features and relationships through different view angles and compre-hensive ways. This new teaching approach was designed in accordance with processes of organ donation, procurement and back-table operation. The main contents included anatomy of abdominal wall layers, rela-tionships among abdominal organs, locations and courses of important structure, as well as medical human-istic education. In the context of organ donation becoming more and more popular and standardized after the cardiac death of Chinese citizens, this teaching approach is worth exploring.