Myopia has become a significant eye health problem, which is thought to result from the complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors. This review focuses on two types of hereditary retinal diseases caused by mutations in photoreceptor genes, including rod-cone cell dystrophy(retinitis pigmentosa)and cone dysfunction syndromes(achromatopsia, blue cone monochromatism and Bornholm eye disease). It systematically explores the intrinsic connection between these diseases and the myopia phenotype, and elaborates on the core mechanisms by which pathogenic genes such as RPGR and OPN1LW/OPN1MW, which cause defects in ciliary structure and protein transport and interfere with the visual signal pathway, jointly induce choroidal thinning and scleral remodeling, ultimately driving the elongation of axial length and the occurrence of myopia. By tracing the association of photoreceptor gene mutations with myopia, this article provides a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the genetic mechanism of myopia and is of great significance for the development of early risk warning and targeted intervention strategies.

Objective To investigate and analyze the occupational stress levels and influencing factors among radiation workers in China, and provide a reference for alleviating occupational stress and promoting mental health. Methods Using the general situation questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire, and radiation protection knowledge questionnaire, a convenience sampling method was adopted to investigate the occupational stress of 243 radiation workers in Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong, and Xinjiang provinces. The independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The average score of Effort-Reward Imbalance was 0.97 ± 0.22, and 100 (41.15%) radiation workers had occupational stress. There were significant differences in the detection rate of occupational stress among radiation workers of different ages, working years in radiation positions, monthly incomes, daily sleep durations, and daily working hours (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified daily working hours as a factor contributing to occupational stress. Conclusion The occupational stress among radiation workers in China is relatively severe. It is recommended to pay attention to the associated risks and implement targeted intervention measures to reduce the impact of occupational stress.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine and other chemical elements in soil, grain and vegetables in different water iodine areas of Xi'an City, and to provide theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of iodine related diseases and water improvement measures.Methods:From September to November 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select three survey villages in Xi'an, namely Yehu Village, Xingbei Village, and Quanzhong Village, where the iodine level of residents' drinking water < 10, 10 - 100, and > 100 μg/L. Drinking water samples were collected from seven survey sites based on the source of domestic drinking water to determine the iodine level of the water. At the same time, soil samples of cultivated land, residents' grains (wheat, corn), and vegetables were collected from survey villages to determine the content of 14 elements including calcium, iron, magnesium, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, selenium, iodine, and fluoride.Results:The iodine level in the water of 7 survey sites in three survey villages was 5.80, 6.40, 25.51, 42.20, 53.90, 111.65, and 177.63 μg/L, respectively. A total of 70 samples of soil, 65 samples of wheat, 76 samples of corn, and 141 samples of vegetables were collected. Among them, the levels of various elements in vegetables and grains were lower than those in the soil. Only calcium and fluoride were higher in vegetables than in grains, while iron, chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, and iodine were lower in vegetables than in grains. According to the range of water iodine level, there were statistically significant differences in the content of calcium, iron, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, mercury, iodine, and fluoride in soils from different water iodine regions ( Fcalcium, iron, chromium, nickel = 42.04, 13.55, 12.22, 11.20, Hcopper, zinc, mercury, iodine, fluoride = 14.27, 9.19, 14.72, 25.14, 16.50, P < 0.05). The comparison of magnesium, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium content in wheat showed statistically significant differences ( Fadmium, selenium = 6.34, 3.31, Hmagnesium, zinc, arsenic = 6.12, 11.55, 6.23, P < 0.05). The comparison of calcium, iron, magnesium, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, iodine, and fluoride content in corn showed statistically significant differences ( Fmagnesium, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, iodine = 18.89, 13.76, 17.86, 24.17, 28.46, 15.96, Hcalcium, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, fluoride = 11.57, 40.53, 26.50, 33.05, 33.73, 36.01, 29.21, P < 0.05). The comparison of calcium, iron, magnesium, chromium, zinc, cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, and selenium content in vegetables showed statistically significant differences ( H = 23.93, 8.12, 10.03, 7.01, 16.09, 18.36, 23.07, 6.51, 27.67, 7.86, P < 0.05). Conclusions:There are significant differences in the distribution of 14 elements in soil, grain, and vegetables in different water iodine regions. In addition to drinking water, precise guidance should also be provided based on the iodine content in soil, grain, and vegetables in different water iodine areas.

Objective:To retrieve and obtain relevant evidence at home and abroad on the prevention and management of chylous leakage after thyroid cancer surgery, and provide reference for clinical practice.Methods:Based on the 6S pyramid model system, evidence related to the prevention and management of chylous leakage after thyroid cancer surgery in the databases of UpToDate, BMJ best practice, Guidelines International Network (GIN), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), PubMed, EMbase, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other databases, including guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews, evidence summary, clinical decisions, and position statements. The retrieval time was from database establishment to June 1st 2024.Results:A total of 16 articles were included, including 5 guidelines, 9 expert consensus, and 2 systematic reviews. The 30 best pieces of evidence were summarized from 6 aspects: preoperative evaluation and preparation, intraoperative prevention, diagnosis, diet and nutrition management, monitoring and treatment, and health education.Conclusions:This study summarized relevant evidence and provides reference for medical staff to formulate intervention measures and management plans for chyle leakage after thyroid cancer surgery.

Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma（SCT）is a rare condition，but the prognosis of fetuses diagnosed with SCT prenatally is generally poor，with a mortality rate of 13% to 50%. The primary causes of death include fetal hydrops and high?output heart failure，while other causes include tumor rupture，hemorrhage，preterm labor，dystocia，or malignant teratoma invasion of surrounding tissues. For large tumors，especially those with rich blood supply or rapid growth，intrauterine treatment should be considered to prevent arteriovenous shunting，reduce tumor size，and reverse fetal heart failure and hydrops. This approach aims to allow the fetus to grow safely to a viable gestational age，after which the tumor can be completely removed by secondary surgery following cesarean delivery or natural childbirth. Currently，there are five main intrauterine treatment strategies：①Ultrasound?guided cystic teratoma aspiration：single or multiple aspirations，intrauterine continuous drainage，or prenatal aspiration；②Ultrasound?guided alcohol sclerotherapy；③Open fetal surgery；④Laser ablation：fetoscopic?guided ablation of feeding vessels of the teratoma，or ultrasound?guided laser ablation；⑤ Ultrasound?guided radiofrequency ablation（RFA）.According to the literature，the latter two minimally invasive intrauterine treatment methods show better outcomes for teratomas containing solid components and are gradually becoming the mainstream treatment options.

Objective:To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and 24-h urinary calcium excretion (24-h UCaE) and hypercalciuria in Chinese adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to March 2023 in nine cities in China and included 1 239 residents. Demographic characteristics were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations, fasting blood samples were assessed for bone metabolism indicators, and 24-h urine samples were used to determine the 24-h UCaE. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and 24-h UCaE and bone metabolism indexes. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D and hypercalciuria was analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model combined with restricted cubic spline modeling.Results:The mean participant age was (47.9±18.1) years, of which 453 (36.6%) were male. The percentages of vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency were 7.6% (94/1 239), 29.0% (359/1 239), and 63.4% (786/1 239), respectively. The multiple linear regression model showed that after adjusting for the covariates the 24-h UCaE gradually increased with higher levels of 25(OH)D ( P overall <0.001, P nonlinear <0.001). The logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the vitamin D deficient group, the OR for the prevalence of hypercalciuria in the vitamin D sufficient and vitamin D insufficient groups were 3.290 (95% CI 1.745 to 6.202) and 3.742 (95% CI 2.458 to 5.697), respectively. The results of the restricted cubic spline modeling showed a positive nonlinear relationship between 25(OH)D and the prevalence of hypercalciuria ( P overall <0.001, P nonlinear <0.001). The prevalence of hypercalciuria increased when 25(OH)D was >17.00 μg/L and peaked at 26.71 μg/L, after which there was a decreasing trend in the prevalence of hypercalciuria with increasing 25(OH)D. Conclusion:Associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and urinary calcium excretion and the prevalence of hypercalciuria were observed in the Chinese adult population.

Objective:To construct and evaluate the predictive performance of a multiphase ultrasound radiomics model for microvascular invasion（MVI）in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）.Methods:A total of 126 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC were retrospectively enrolled from 4 medical centers between May 2018 and July 2025，including the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University，Shanxi Province Third People's Hospital，Changzhi People's Hospital，and the Organ Transplant Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. A total of 630 ultrasound images of the lesions in different phases were collected，from which 1 561 radiomic features were extracted. The patients from medical institutions in Shanxi Province were chosen as the training set（ n=91），and the patients from the Organ Transplant Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were chosen as the validation set（ n=35）. In the training set，37.4%（34/91）patients presented MVI（+），whereas in the validation set，54.3%（19/35）patients presented MVI（+）. Radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound images，and features related to the MVI（+）were selected through dimensionality reduction analysis. Five multiple machine learning algorithms were used to construct predictive models，which were then evaluated using an external validation set. The Radscore was calculated，and a nomogram was constructed combining Radscore with ultrasound and clinical characteristics to predict MVI. Results:The model combining radiomics features from the portal venous phase and the delay phase showed the best predictive performance in both the training and validation sets，with area under curve（AUC）values of 0.835 and 0.727，respectively. The prediction model developed using radiomics Radscore and clinical indicators could be represented and presented as a nomogram.Conclusions:The radiomics model based on multi-phase ultrasound offers a novel approach for non-invasive preoperative prediction of MVI in liver cancer. Furthermore，its integration with clinical features aids in optimizing clinical treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of the classic prescription Xinyi Powder in the treatment of allergic rhinitis with lung deficiency related cold.METHODS A total of 189 patients who met the inclusion criteria of al-lergic rhinitis with lung deficiency related cold in the otolaryngology clinic of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from Janu-ary 2023 to July 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group(n=126)and the control group(n=63).The control group was treated with oral loratadine,and the experimental group took Xinyi Powder.Before and after treatment,the TNSS,TNNSS scores and TCM syndrome scores of the two groups of patients were compared to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy.The changes in the patients'quality of life were evaluated in multiple dimensions using nasal VAS and RQLQ scores.The changes in serum IL-4,IL-5,IgE,SP and CGRP expression levels were detected by ELISA.RESULTS After 14 days of treatment,the TNSS,TNNSS,VAS,RQLQ scores and TCM syndrome scores of the two groups of patients were reduced(P<0.01);the experi-mental group was better than the control group in improving the concomitant symptoms such as nasal congestion,runny nose,postnasal drip,and itchy eyes(P<0.05,P<0.01),and it could also significantly improve the symptoms of fear of wind and cold,spontaneous sweating,shortness of breath,and cough with thin sputum(P<0.01),and the total RQLQ score was significantly better than the con-trol group(P<0.01).After treatment,the serum IL-4,IL-5,IgE,SP,and CGRP levels of the two groups of patients were signifi-cantly reduced(P<0.01),and there was no statistical difference between the two groups.CONCLUSION Xinyi Powder can signifi-cantly alleviate the nasal symptoms and systemic concomitant symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis of lung deficiency and cold type,and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.It may play a therapeutic role by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and neuropeptides and regulating neuroimmunity.

Objective:To investigate the current status of clinical practice of optical surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) technology in China.Methods:A survey questionnaire was designed based on a similar investigation conducted by the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology in collaboration with the American Association of Physicists in Medicine on SGRT. The questionnaire covered aspects such as the installation, implementation, commissioning, quality assurance, clinical application, challenges, and cost considerations of SGRT systems. An online questionnaire was distributed to 49 institutions in China that have installed or are in the process of installing SGRT systems. Data were summarized and analyzed using Excel and SPSS 29 software.Results:Among the 49 institutions, 96% had at least one SGRT system. In terms of commissioning, quality assurance and implementation, it was mainly operated by physicists (94%) and technicians (82%), the cycle of test items for quality assurance was only achieved by the highest percentage of units with end-to-end test items for the annual inspection (50%). Eighty-six percent of the institutions used phantoms provided by suppliers, and 53% followed supplier recommendations or guidelines. For the installation of the first SGRT system, 37% of the institutions reported that initial staff training required more than 48 hours, while 73% found the training content easy to understand. Regarding the clinical application of SGRT technology, the majority of the institutions (53%) had used it for 1-3 years, with breast radiotherapy being the most commonly used treatment site. The primary scenario of SGRT application was intra-fraction motion monitoring / patient monitoring (69%). Furthermore, 47% of the institutions combined SGRT with open-face masks, and 71% used visual feedback devices for breath-hold or free-breathing gating. In terms of treatment thresholds, the median thresholds for monitoring and positioning were the same for breast, abdominopelvic (non- stereotactic body radiation therapy), and head-and-neck (non-brain stereotactic radiosurgery) treatments but varied for other sites.Conclusions:Although SGRT technology requires a relatively long initial training period, it is generally well accepted in terms of training and operation. Clinically, SGRT has been widely applied in breast radiotherapy, playing a crucial role in patient monitoring and intra-fraction motion management. However, most institutions have had limited clinical experience with the technology, highlighting the need for continuous technical supervision and improvement. The establishment of standardized protocols is necessary to ensure broader clinical adoption and long-term effectiveness.

Objective:To analyze the effect of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) on the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells and explore its regulatory role in the miR-455-3p/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway.Methods:The expression levels of lncRNA SNHG16 and miR-455-3p in human normal cervical epithelial cells H8, human cervical cancer cells SiHa, and radioresistant cervical cancer cells SiHa-R were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. SiHa-R cells were transfected separately, and then given a single dose of 4 Gy X-ray irradiation and continued to be cultured for subsequent experiments. The cells in each group were named siRNA-NC, siRNA-SNHG16 (interfering lncRNA SNHG16), NC mimic, miR-455-3p mimic (overexpressing miR-455-3p), siRNA-SNHG16+inhibitor NC, and siRNA-SNHG16+miR-455-3p inhibitor groups, respectively. The survival fraction of SiHa-R cells was detected by clone formation assay. The apoptosis rate of SiHa-R cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptotic proteins [cysteine-containing aspartate-specific protease (Caspase)-3, Caspase-9, Bax] and NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins [NF-κB p65, phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65, p-IκB (inhibitory protein of NF-κB)] were measured by Western blot. The targeting relationship between lncRNA SNHG16 and miR-455-3p was determined by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Comparison among different groups was conducted by one-way ANOVA, and paired comparison was carried out by LSD t-test. Comparison between two groups was performed by t-test. Results:Compared with H8 cells, the expression levels of lncRNA SNHG16 were increased in SiHa and SiHa-R cells, and SiHa-R cells had a higher level than SiHa cells. The expression levels of miR-455-3p were decreased in SiHa and SiHa-R cells, and SiHa-R cells had a lower level than SiHa cells (all P<0.001). Compared with the siRNA-NC group, the survival fraction of SiHa-R cells in the siRNA-SNHG16 group was decreased, the radiosensitization ratio (SER) was 1.571 (>1), the apoptosis rate and levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bax proteins were increased, while the levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκB proteins were decreased (all P<0.001). lncRNA SNHG16 could target miR-455-3p. Compared with the NC mimic group, miR-455-3p level in the miR-455-3p mimic group was increased, cell survival fraction was decreased, the SER was 1.826 (>1), the apoptosis rate and the levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax proteins were increased, and the levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκB proteins were decreased (all P<0.001). Inhibition of miR-455-3p expression could weaken the effect of interfering with lncRNA SNHG16 expression on SiHa-R cell apoptosis, radiotherapy sensitivity, and NF-κB signaling pathway (all P<0.001). Conclusions:Interference with lncRNA SNHG16 expression could induce the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells and enhance their radiation sensitivity by regulating the miR-455-3p/NF-κB signaling pathway.