ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu capsules （SFJD） in alleviating influenza A （H1N1） virus pneumonia and focus on its effect on Toll-like receptor （TLR） signaling pathway in respiratory epithelial cells. MethodsA mouse model of viral pneumonia was established via the A/PR/8/34 （PR8） strain of influenza A virus. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a PR8 infection （PR8） group， and an SFJD group （8.4 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. The day of infection was designated as day 1. The SFJD group was administered intragastrically at a volume of 20 mL·kg^-1 daily， while the normal and PR8 groups were given an equal volume of deionized water. Micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） was performed on day 5， and the mice were dissected to collect their lungs， after which the lung index was calculated to verify the therapeutic effect of SFJD. Single-cell sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in respiratory epithelial cells. Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of TLR， tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 （TRAF6）， and myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） proteins in epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM）-positive cells， and the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR pathway proteins was calculated. Respiratory epithelial cells were then sorted by flow cytometry， and Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR， MyD88， TRAF6， Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β （TRIF）， inhibitor of κB kinase α （IKKα）， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in the sorted epithelial cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in lung tissue. ResultsAt the transcriptional level， SFJD reversed the expression of TLR signaling pathway genes in respiratory epithelial cells， downregulating multiple TLR signaling pathway-related genes （P<0.01）. At the protein level， SFJD significantly reduced the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR3 （P<0.05）， the expression levels of TLR2， TLR3， TLR4， TRIF， TRAF6， IKKα， and NF-κB in epithelial cells（P<0.05， P<0.01）， as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue （P<0.01）. ConclusionSFJD may alleviate viral pneumonia by suppressing the expression of TLR in respiratory epithelial cells and their subsequent signaling cascades.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

OBJECTIVE To explore comprehensive management and potential issues associated with long-term prescriptions medications of psychiatry， in order to provide a reference for the comprehensive management of long-term prescriptions of psychiatry in psychiatric hospitals and other medical institutions’ pharmacies. METHODS Starting from the applicable principles for long-term prescriptions of psychiatry， this study introduced the standardized assessment and precautions before issuing long-term prescriptions， the formulation and adjustment of the drug list， as well as the rational management of the long-term prescriptions. It also analyzed potential issues that may arise in the comprehensive management of long-term prescription medications and proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Prior to initiating long-term prescriptions， a standardized assessment should be conducted on patients from the aspects of their psychiatric condition and long-term potential risk factors， pharmacological treatment plans and other non-pharmacological therapies， physical illnesses. Additionally， healthcare providers should fulfill their obligation to inform patients or their family members. The comprehensive management of long-term prescription medications should be jointly established and improved by multiple departments， and the formulation of drug catalogs should avoid including drugs with potential social harm or medication risks while complying with policy requirements. Furthermore， measures such as adding special identifiers to long-term prescriptions， providing patients with reminders about （No.YGLX202537） prescription expiration， or offering online consultations can also effectively enhance the rationality of medication use under long-term prescriptions. Currently， the implementation of long-term prescriptions in psychiatry remains challenged by inconsistencies in prescription duration， incomplete coverage of diagnostic categories， poor patient adherence， and the risk of deviation in clinical assessments. In this regard， measures such as collaborating with multiple departments to strengthen long-term prescription information management， providing matching pharmaceutical services， ensuring the quality and rationality of long-term prescription implementation， and using modern methods to screen high-risk patients can be taken to improve patient medication compliance and safety.

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution has become one of the global environmental problems, posing a serious threat to the environment and human health. Microbial remediation plays an important role in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated environment. Nevertheless, the stress factors present in the environment polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons limit the effectiveness of microbial remediation. This paper reviews the common stress factors in petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted environment and the response mechanisms of microorganisms to these factors. Furthermore, we introduce the methods to improve microbial tolerance, such as irrational modification, rational modification based on systems biology tools or tolerance mechanisms, and the construction of microbial consortia. The application of these methods is expected to improve the viability and remediation efficiency of microorganisms in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated environment and provide new perspectives and technical support for environmental remediation.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Petroleum/metabolism* ; Hydrocarbons/isolation & purification* ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Environmental Pollutants/isolation & purification* ; Petroleum Pollution

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of fluoropezil on embryo-fetal developmental toxicity and toxicokinetics in rabbits,and provide reference for clinical medication.METHODS According to the sequence of pregnancy,pregnant rabbits were divided into five groups:vehicle control group(1%hydroxy-propyl methylcellulose+1.5%polyethylene glycol 400 aqueous solution),positive control group(cyclo-phosphamide 18 mg·kg-1),and fluoropezil(3.6,9.0 and 22.5 mg·kg-1)groups.The vehicle control group and the fluoropezil groups were ig administrated on the 6th to 18th day of gestation(GD6-18)while the positive control group was ig given cyclophosphamide on GD6-20.The pregnant rabbits were sacri-ficed on GD28,and the embryo-fetal development was detected.Sex hormone levels of pregnant rabbits on GD5,GD18 and GD28 were detected by ELISA method.Blood samples with toxokinetics were collected for concomitant toxic generation at the first and last administration,and drug concentrations in fetal,placenta and amniotic fluid were detected with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).RESULTS Fluoropezil 3.6,9.0 and 22.5 mg·kg-1 had no significant effect on body mass,mass gain,food consumption,pregnancy outcomes,fetal appearance,viscera,skeletal and physical growth and development of pregnant rabbits.Only on GD18 or GD28,the levels of follicle stimulating hormone,estra-diol and progesterone in each dose group fluctuated to some extent.The combined toxokinetics results indicated that fluoropezil could cross the placental barrier of the rabbits,but did not accumulate in preg-nant rabbits or fetuses.Fetal mass,crown-rump length and uterus mass in the cyclophosphamide group were lower than those in the vehicle control group.The appearance and bone of the cyclophos-phamide group were positive.CONCLUSION The no observed adverse effect level(NOAEL)of fluoro-pezil toxicity on rabbit embryo-fetal development is 22.5 mg·kg-1,which is 125 times of the effective dose.At the dosage level of 22.5 mg·kg-1,Cmax is 1093 μg·L-1,and AUC(0-24 h)6650 μg·h·L-1 on GD18.

Objective:To observe any effect of supplementing basic swallowing training with balloon catheter dilation on the swallowing function of tracheostomy patients with pontine hemorrhage.Methods:A total of 40 pontine hemorrhage patients with tracheostomy and swallowing disorders were divided randomly into an observation group and a control group, each of 20. Both groups were given nutritional neurodrugs and basic swallowing training, but the observation group also received 25 minutes of balloon catheter dilation, five times a week for 6 weeks. Before and after the 6 weeks of treatment one swallowing therapist evaluated the feeding ability and leakage-aspiration status of each subject assigning functional oral intake (FOIS) ratings and Rosenbek Leakage/Aspiration Rating Scale (PAS) ratings double-blinded. The Watian water swallowing test was also applied.Results:After the treatment the average FOIS and PAS scores of both groups had improved significantly, with those of the observation group then significantly better than among the control group on average. The total treatment effectiveness rate was 70% in the observation group, significantly better than the 30% in the control group.Conclusion:Supplementing swallowing training with balloon catheter dilation can better improve the swallowing of patients recovering from a tracheotomy after pontine hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint and content determination of five components in Ranunculus sceleratus L.. METHODS The separation was developed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB C18 chromatographic (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)column by gradient elution with methanol(A)-0.1 % phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B) as mobile phase to establish HPLC fingerprint of Ranunculus sceleratus L.. Combined with similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, the quality of 13 batches of Ranunculus sceleratus L. was evaluated. RESULTS Thirteen batches of Ranunculus sceleratus L. samples were calibrated with 20 common peaks, of which 5 common peaks were identified, and the similarity ranged from 0.874 to 0.984. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis were basically the same, indicating that there might be differences in the content of chemical components of Ranunculus sceleratus L. in different regions. Protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, hyperoside and isoquercitrin were determined in thirteen batches of Ranunculus sceleratus L., and their contents were 0.016−0.035, 0.010−0.070, 0.010−0.029, 0.016−0.051, 0.028−0.086 mg·g–1, respectively. CONCLUSION The established HPLC fingerprint and content determination method is simple, stable, and reliable, which can be used for qualitative analysis and provide reference to quality evaluation and resource utilization of Ranunculus sceleratus L..

Objective To establish reference intervals for serum soluble transferrin receptor(sTfR)and sTfR/log ser-um ferritin index(sTfR/lgSF)in apparently healthy adults in the Wuhan area,so as to provide reference for clinical diagno-sis and treatment of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia.Methods A total of 273 individuals from the Wuhan Aisa General Hospital,including health examination participants and blood donors,were selected to measure sTfR,other iron metabolism indicators and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP).The sTfR/lgSF values were calculated and reference intervals for sTfR and sTfR/lgSF were established using the percentile method(P2.5 to P97.5).Spearman correlation anal-ysis was used to evaluate the relationships between sTfR,sTfR/lgSF,and other iron metabolism indicators,as well as hsCRP.Results The sTfR levels(M,mg/L)between males and females(1.01 vs 1.07)were not statistically significant(P＞0.05),but the sTfR/lgSF levels if males were significantly lower than those in females(0.45 vs 0.62)(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in sTfR(M,mg/L)and sTfR/lgSF(M)among different age groups,with values of 1.07 vs 1.02 vs 1.00 and 0.52 vs 0.53 vs 0.51,respectively(P＞0.05).The reference interval for STfR was(0.72-1.68)mg/L,the sTfR/lgSF reference interval was(0.31-0.88)for males,and(0.37-1.19)for females.Correlation analysis showed no correlation between sTfR,sTfR/lgSF and hsCRP(r=0.043,P＞0.05;r=-0.064,P＞0.05),while serum ferritin(SF),serum iron(SI),transferrin saturation(TSAT)were correlated with hsCRP(r=0.128,P＜0.05;r=-0.195,P＜0.01;r=-0.173,P＜0.01).There was no correlation between sTfR and SF(r=-0.115,P＞0.05),while sTfR/lgSF was significantly correlated with and SF(r=-0.685,P＜0.01).Conclusion Preliminary reference intervals for serum sTfR and sTfR/lgSF in apparently healthy adults in the Wuhan has been established.sTfR and sTfR/lgSF are not affected by inflammatory factors and are significant for identifying iron deficiency in anemia patients with elevated serum ferritin caused by inflammation.

ObjectiveTo explore the recognition of oral breath odor map of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） patients with dampness-heat syndrome by electronic nose technique. MethodsPatients with chronic gastritis were recruited， including 60 cases in CAG group of dampness-heat syndrome， 50 cases in CAG group of non-dampness-heat syndrome， 60 cases in chronic non-atrophic gastritis （CNAG） group of dampness-heat syndrome， 50 cases in CNAG group of non-dampness-heat syndrome， and 30 cases of healthy volunteers were selected to set up the health control group. Ten cases in the CAG dampness-heat group and 50 cases in the CAG non-dampness-heat group were selected to form the CAG group， and 10 cases in CNAG dampness-heat group and 50 cases in CNAG non-dampness-heat group were selected to form the CNAG group. In addition to the health control group， the remaining patients were tested for Helicobacter pylori （Hp）； the electronic nose （GISXM-MQWA01） was used to collect the oral breath odor of all the participants to draw the mapping， and amplitudes and slopes of each curve （including curves A， B， C， D， E， F， G， H， I， J） of the oral odor mapping of health control group， CAG group， CNAG group， CAG dampness-heat group， CAG non-dampness-heat group， and CNAG dampness-heat group was compared. The modified transformer model was used to classify the odor mapping characteristics， and the confusion matrix method was used to evaluate the classification model， with metrics including accuracy and area under ROC curve （AUC）. ResultsThe Hp positivity rate in CAG dampness-heat group was 80.00% （48/60）， CAG non-dampness-heat group was 62.00% （31/50）， CNAG dampness-heat group was 46.67% （28/60）， and CNAG non-dampness-heat group was 42.00% （21/50）； the difference in Hp positivity rate between CAG dampness-heat group and CAG non-dampness-heat group was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. The amplitudes of response curves A， B， C， D， F， G， and I， and slopes of A and F in the odor mapping of the CAG group were lower than those in health control group， while the amplitude and slope of curve E were higher than those in the health control group and CNAG group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； The amplitude of the response curves A， B， C， D， F， G， and I， and slopes of A， D， and F in the CNAG group were lower than those in the health control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The amplitude of response curve D and slope of response curve J in the odor mapping of the CAG dampness-heat group were higher than those in CNAG dampness-heat group， the amplitude of curve F was lower than that in CAG non-dampness-heat group， and the amplitude of curve H and slopes of curve A， H， and J were higher than those in CAG non-dampness-heat group （P＜0.05）. The recognition accuracy of CAG group and health control group reached 77.78%， AUC = 0.88； the recognition accuracy of CAG group and CNAG group was 69.44%， AUC = 0.61； the recognition accuracy of CAG dampness-heat group and CAG non-dampness-heat group reached 75.8%， AUC=0.70. ConclusionElectronic nose technology can make a more accurate identification of the oral breath odor in CAG patients with dampness-heat syndrome， with a decrease in the amplitude of the curve F and an increase in the amplitude of the curve H and in the slopes of the curves A， H， and J may as the characteristics of their odor mapping.