To assess the efficacy and safety of using energy devices as treatment for radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (RHC) and to determine the most suitable energy source, settings and techniques based on laser-tissue interaction. A search of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was conducted uptil February 2024 to identify studies on use of energy devices for RHC.Additionally, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization’s ICTRP (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched for ongoing studies. We identified 10 studies fulfilling the search criteria using modalities including Nd:YAG laser, argon plasma coagulation, 980-nm diode laser, and potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser. Across studies (n=137), majority (n=116, 84.7%) of RHC patients achieved hematuria resolution after one treatment session, with mean/median hematuria-free intervals of 11 to 16 months. Six patients (4.4%) were unresponsive and underwent cystectomy/urinary diversion. Total adverse events occurred in patients (30/139, 21.6%), including storage symptoms, recurrent hematuria, bladder stones and urinary retention, among others. Typical laser settings involved low power (<40 W), with either a pulse duration of 2–3 seconds or 10–40 milliseconds; some used continuous wave mode. Other standard practises include selective coagulation employed in a “painting” fashion and non-contact mode (3–5 mm). The treatment endpoints were hemostasis, involution of telangiectatic vessels and formation of pale well-circumscribed mucosal ulcer. Energy devices have considerable efficacy and safety to treat RHC patients and can be considered for refractory RHC and as an adjunct after initial management. The various properties of KTP laser confers an advantage over other energy devices.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROSTATE VOLUME MEASUREMENT USING TRANSABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND, TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND, AND MRI: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY Introduction: Prostate volume (PV) measurement is crucial for managing prostate conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Its range can be measured using different imaging modalities like transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate, which were compared in this study. Methods: A single tertiary centre retrospective observational analysis was conducted on PV measurements obtained through TAUS, TRUS, and MRI prostate from the same patients prior to biopsy. The mean of PV from each imaging modality was analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey post hoc test, with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Only 311 out of 718 patients who underwent TRUS biopsy from January 2018 until December 2022 were eligible for this study based on the inclusion criteria. The median age and PSA were 71 years old and 7.5 ng/mL, respectively. No significant difference was found across the means of the imaging modality and PV measurement among the imaging modalities (F = 0.713, p = 0.49). The Tukey post hoc test also revealed no significant difference between each modality, namely TAUS-TRUS (p = 0.45), MRI-TRUS (p = 0.79), and TAUS-MRI (p = 0.85). Conclusion: This study demonstrated no statistically significant relationship in prostate volume measurements from the three different imaging modalities, namely TAUS, TRUS, and MRI.