Objective To investigate the effects of body weight and length of SD rats on the carotid artery balloon injury-induced vascular stenosis model in order to provide a reference for replicating an ideal vascular stenosis mod-el.Methods Male rats were divided into three groups based on body weight and length.The CONQUEROR? SC PTCA balloon catheter was employed,with a fixed balloon inflation volume of 0.2 mL to induce injury in the left common carotid artery,while the right side served as a control.As soon as surgery operation,one rat from each group was selected for Evans Blue dye verification.Fourteen days later,the injured and contra lateral common ca-rotid arteries from remaining rats were harvested for HE staining to check the extent of stenosis.Based on these find-ings,six rats within the optimal range of body weight and length were selected for further validation.Results Rats with body weights ranging from 280 to 380 g(corresponding body lengths of 21.0-26.5 cm)underwent balloon catheter injury,resulting in endothelial detachment and varying degrees of stenosis in the common carotid artery.In rats weighing 280-300 g(body lengths of 21.0-22.5 cm)had severe stenosis or occlusion of the common carotid artery with thrombosis.In rats weighing 320-340 g(body lengths of 23.0-24.5 cm),the internal and external elastic plates of the common carotid artery were ruptured and the vascular morphology was abnormal.Conversely,rats weighing 360-380 g(body lengths of 25.0-26.5 cm)did not show any ruptured elastic laminae or thrombus formation in the common carotid artery,and the extent of vascular stenos in rats with a body weight of 360 g was moderate and uniform.The results of the repeated validation experiments were consistent.Conclusions Rats with a body weight range of 360 g(corresponding body length of 25.0-26.5 cm)are suitable for development of an ideal vascular stenosis model.

Objective To observe the effect of Xiaochaihutang on ammonia-induced edema of astrocytes in rats and explore the mechanism of Xiaochaihutang in the treatment of cerebral edema based on NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of SD rats 1-2 days old.When the cell content was more than 95%,the cells could be subcultured and divided into three groups:Vehicle group(10%blank control group serum,Vehicle),Model group(10%blank control group serum+5 mmol·L-1 ammonium chloride,Model),and Xiaochaihutang group(10%serum+5 mmol·L-1 ammonium chloride,XCHT).The expression of AQP4 was detected by immunofluorescence.The levels of AQP4,GFAP,and TNF-α were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.NF-κB P65 was measured by Western blot.Results ① Ammonium chloride increased the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes(P<0.01)and decreased the expression of GFAP(P<0.05,P<0.01),however,the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes decreased(P<0.01)while GFAP increased(P<0.05)after the intervention of serum containing Xiaochaihutang.② Compared with the Vehicle group,the expression level of TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65 in the Model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while after Xiaochaihutang serum medicated treatment,TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65 content lower(P<0.05).Conclusion Xiaochaihutang can improve the edema of astrocytes induced by ammonia and enhance the activity of astrocytes.Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways,and reduce inflammation medium(especially TNF-α)produced and released.

Objective To investigate the impact of transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells(hAMSCs)on the histopathological change in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods Forty-six female SD rats were randomly divided into the sham surgery group and the hAMSCs transplant group. Pulmonary fibrosis model was induced by 2％ of paraquat intragastric administration(100 mg/kg/rat). hAMSCs were injected through caudal vein(2 × 106 cells/mL/rat). The histopathological changes were observed through microscopy after HE and the immunohistochemical staining. Results General conditions in rats received hAMSCs transplantation were better than those of the model rats. More large area and white fibrosis nidus were observed in bilateral lung of model rats,with less dispersal spot or nidus. The construction of lung tissue was disordered in the model rats. The thickness of alveolar wall was found increased. There were large area interstitial hyperplasia and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrations. The construction of lung tissue was apparently improved. A majority of alveolar wall was monolayer cell. There were only less and small area with interstitial hyperplasia. Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly decreased. The anti-human nucleus specific antibody positive hAMSCs were observed planted and survived in lung interstitial tissue. And few hAMSCs were observed planted in alveolar wall. Conclusion The transplanted hAMSCs can be planted and survived in lung tissue ,and may play a therapeutic role in araquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the relationships among free triiodothyronine( FT3 ), free thyroxine (FT4 ), and thyroid-stimulating hormone( TSH) in both plasma and breast milk of patients with thyroid diseases. Methods A total of 102 female subjects with hyperthyroidism(GD), normal thyroid function(NC), and Hashimoto′s hypothyroidism(HT or hypothyroidism)were enrolled. Their plasma and breast milk were collected for measurement of FT3 and FT4 , and TSH. Meanwhile, 11 infants of patients with hyperthyroidism and another 11 infants of patients with hypothyroidism were selected, blood FT3 , FT4 , and TSH content were determined during lactating period and 2 months after lactation. Results (1) FT3 and FT4 contents in breast milk among 3 groups were different[(1. 48 ± 0. 81), (7. 79 ± 3. 56), and (0. 77 ± 0. 42)pg/ ml; (2. 94 ± 1. 43), (14. 78 ± 7. 40), and (1. 51 ± 0. 40)pg/ ml, P<0. 05], TSH in breast milk was similar between hyperthyroidism and normal groups(P>0. 05). (2) FT3 ratio of breast milk to plasma of the hyperthyroidism group was different to other 2 groups(0. 42 ± 0. 04 vs 0. 35 ± 0. 03, 0. 36 ± 0. 03, P<0. 05), but no difference existed in FT4 and TSH among 3 groups(both P>0. 05). (3)Blood FT3 , FT4 , and TSH contents from infants of patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were different, both during lactating period and 2 months after lactation[(5. 06 ± 1. 76)vs (6. 51 ± 2. 23)pg/ ml, (17. 39 ± 2. 78)vs (19. 87 ± 3. 26)pg/ ml, (1. 34 ± 1. 33)vs (0. 74 ± 0. 78)mIU/ L; (1. 43 ± 0. 74)vs (1. 83 ± 0. 91)pg/ ml, (4. 28 ± 1. 55)vs (5. 00 ± 1. 75)pg/ ml, (6. 48 ± 2. 70) vs (5. 49 ± 2. 39) mIU/ L; all P<0. 05]. (4) FT3 and FT4 contents were positively correlated in plasma and breast milk(all P<0. 05), while TSH contents were positively correlated only in hypothyroidism group(P<0. 05). Conclusion FT3 , FT4 , and TSH in blood and breast milk are correlated.

Pharmacology is the bridge of preclinical and clinical medicine,as well as medical science and pharmaceutical sciences.Guiding students to grasp some memory method will make for inspiring student's thinking and increasing their interest in pharmacology teaching.And it will also help to improve the effect of pharmacology teaching.

Purpose To explore the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis of solitary bronchial papilloma, and its relation with and human papilloma virus infection.Methods Four cases of SBP were studied by routine histologic,immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, together with review of the literature.Results One of four lesions was squamous cell papilloma, with focal malignant change of squamous cell carcinoma with microinvasion. The case was an old woman and the cancer located in central bronchus. Others were mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma, and two cases with features of moderate cytologic atypia. The age ranged from 25 to 73 years (average 54), and tumors were located in the bronchi and segmental bronchi. Papillary arborizing connective tissue stalks were lined by both squamous and glandular epithelium. Four papillomas were exophytic, with one case inverted partly. Four cases were examined for HPV DNA and all were negative.Conclusions SBP in adults is a rare lung neoplasm. Based on uncommon cases association with malignant change, all endobronchial papillomas should be completely excised.