AIM:To investigate myopia status and analyze the influence factors in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 504 primary and secondary school students in Wulong district, and all students underwent myopia screen and questionnaire survey, statistics and analyses the data.RESULTS:Totally 2 431 students were participated in this study, and 1 217 students with myopia were screened out, the prevalence rate of myopia was 50.06%, awareness rate of myopia was 64.59%, glasses wearing rate of myopia was 51.85%. The prevalence of myopia increased with age and grade(P<0.05), the prevalence of myopia in male(46.97%)was lower than in female(53.18%), and the prevalence of myopia in township(47.06%)was lower than in urban area(52.11%; all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that outdoor activities were protective factor for myopia, while female, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth were risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of myopia was higher in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing, awareness rate of myopia and glasses wearing rate of myopia were lower, and the genesis of myopia is highly relevant to outdoor activities, gender, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with measles containing vaccine (MCV) in Zibo City from 2018-2022, and to provide reference data for evaluating the safety of the immunization strategy adjustment. Methods AEFI surveillance data related to MCV in Zibo City from 2018 to 2022 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Immunization Planning System and Shandong Provincial Vaccination Information System. The AEFI reports and epidemic characteristics after adjusting the immunization strategy about MCV were compared. Results Before adjusting immunization strategy of MCV in Zibo City (January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2020), 114 cases of AEFI were reported in the first dose of measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MR), with a reported incidence rate of 131.50/100 000. After adjusting the immunization strategy (June 1, 2020- December 31, 2022), 156 cases of AEFI were reported in the first dose of MMR, with a reported incidence of 162.97/100,000. There was no statistically significant difference in the reported incidence of AEFI (χ²=3.049, P=0.081). AEFI cases were mainly characterized by general reactions, and the reported incidence rate of MR (88.82/100,000) was lower than that of MMR (137.90/100,000) (χ²=9.576, P=0.002). Their most common clinical manifestation was fever, with 71 cases reported (81.90/100 000) and 114 cases reported (119.10/100 000), respectively. The reported incidence of abnormal reactions in MR (42.68/100 000) was higher than that in MMR (22.98/100,000) (χ²=5.458, P=0.019). Among them, allergic rash was the most common, with 16 and 11 cases reported, respectively, and the reported incidence rates were 18.46/100 000 and 11.49/100 000, respectively. The proportion of reported cases in the age group ≥ 1 year old was higher in MMR than in MR (χ²=41.089, P<0.001). The proportion of reported cases in the first quarter was higher in MR than in MMR (29.82%, 17.95%), while the proportion in the third quarter was higher in MMR than in MR (34.64%, 17.54%) (χ²=14.197, P=0.003). Conclusion After adjusting the MCV immunization strategy in Zibo City, the report on AEFI is within the expected range, and no adverse changes have been found in the epidemic characteristics of MCV related AEFI.

Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of Zhiqiao gancao decoction （ZQGCD） on pathological angiogenesis of degenerative intervertebral disc. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） inhibitor （YC-1） group [2 mg/（kg·d）， tail vein injection]， and ZQGCD low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [3.06， 6.12， 12.24 g/（kg·d）]， with 8 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， lumbar disc degeneration model of rat was constructed in all other groups. After modeling， they were given relevant medicine once a day， for consecutive 3 weeks. After the last medication， pathological changes and angiogenesis of the intervertebral disc tissue in rats were observed； the levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] and the expressions of angiogenesis-related proteins [HIF-1α， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， VEGF receptor 2 （VEGFR2）， angiotensin 1（Ang 1）， Ang 2] in the com intervertebral disc tissue in rats were all determined. In cell experiment， the primary nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured from rats， and cellular degeneration was induced using 50 ng/mL TNF-α. The cells were divided into blank control group （10% blank control serum）， TNF-α group （10% blank control serum）， YC-1 group （10% blank control serum+0.2 mmol/L YC-1）， and 5%， 10%， 15% drug-containing serum group （5%， 10%， 15% drug-containing serum）. After 24 hours of intervention， the nucleus pulposus cells were co-cultured with HUVEC. The expressions of Collagen Ⅱ， matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3） in nucleus pulposus cells were detected. HUVEC proliferation， migration and tube forming ability were detected， and the expression levels of the HIF-1α/VEGF/Ang signal axis and angiogenesis- related proteins （add MMP-2， MMP-9） in HUVEC were detected. RESULTS Animal experiments had shown that compared with model group， the positive expression of CD31 in the intervertebral disc tissues of rats in each drug group was down-regulated （P＜ 0.05）， the levels of inflammatory factors and angiogenesis-related proteins were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and the pathological changes in the intervertebral disc were alleviated. Cell experiments had shown that compared with TNF-α group， the expression of Collagen Ⅱ in nucleus pulposus cells of all drug groups was significantly up-regulated （P＜0.05）， and the expression of MMP-3 was significantly down-regulated （P＜0.05）； the proliferation， migration and tubulogenesis of HUVEC were significantly weakened （P＜0.05）. The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α， VEGF， Ang 2 as well as the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins （except for the expression of Ang 2 mRNA and HIF-1α， VEGFR2， Ang 2 protein in 5% drug- containing serum group） were significantly down-regulated （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ZQGCD may inhibit the HIF-1α/VEGF/ Ang signal axis to weaken the angiogenic ability of vascular endothelial cells， improve pathological angiogenesis in the intervertebral disc， and delay the degeneration of the intervertebral disc.

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+lOL)has become the main treatment for cataracts due to small incision and fast recovery. Phacoemulsification can damage the conjunctiva, cornea and other ocular surface tissues, causing local inflammation, which in turn leads to eye dryness and discomfort after surgery. According to studies, patients who suffer from phacoemulsification most experience dry eye syndrome within 24 h, which gradually worsens and reaches its peak in the following 1 wk, seriously affecting their quality of life. The review aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of preoperative patient physical conditions and local ocular status, intraoperative maneuvers and postoperative treatments on postoperative dry eye, with the expectation of formulating scientific and effective preventive measures for potential dry eye patients after phacoemulsification, and providing a theoretical basis for postoperative dry eye treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) technology for intravenous gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear using three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) sequence. Methods The patients received gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using ACS and united compressed sensing (uCS) 3D-FLAIR at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January to November 2024 were prospectively enrolled. The repetition time was 16 000 ms, and acquisition time was 6 min 40 s and 10 min 24 s in ACS 3D-FLAIR and uCS 3D-FLAIR, respectively. The images on the two sequences were evaluated independently by two radiologists. The image quality of the two sequences was subjectively evaluated and compared. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared between the two sequences. The grading consistencies using two sequences and between the two doctors were analyzed. Results There was no statistically difference in subjective score of image quality between the two sequences. SNR and CNR of the ACS 3D-FLAIR sequence were significantly higher than those of the uCS 3D-FLAIR sequence (P＜0.001). The kappa values of grades of cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops were 0.942 and 0.888 using two sequences (P＜0.001). The kappa values of grades of cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops using the ACS 3D-FLAIR sequence between the two doctors were 0.784 and 0.831, respectively (P＜0.001); the kappa values of grades of cochlear and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops using uCS 3D-FLAIR sequence between the two doctors were 0.725 and 0.756, respectively (P＜0.001). Conclusions ACS 3D-FLAIR could provide higher SNR and CNR than uCS 3D-FLAIR, and is more suitable for intravenous gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear; the endolymphatic hydrops grades using ACS 3D-FLAIR is similar to use uCS 3D-FLAIR.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (DM-NAFLD) represents a complex metabolic syndrome with significant clinical challenges. This study explores the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in DM-NAFLD. METHODS: UCMSCs-EVs were isolated and characterized. DM-NAFLD mouse model was developed through highenergy diet and streptozotocin injection. Additionally, primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to high glucose to simulate cellular conditions. Hepatic tissue damage, body weight changes, lipid levels, glucose and insulin homeostasis, and hepatic lipid accumulation were evaluated. The interaction between UCMSCs-EVs and hepatocytes was assessed, focusing on the localization and function of circ-Tulp4. The study also investigated the expression of circularRNA TUBlike protein 4 (circ-Tulp4), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), abhydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), cleaved Caspase-1, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and cleaved N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N). The binding of circ-Tulp4 to lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and the subsequent epigenetic regulation of ABHD6 by H3K27me3 were analyzed. RESULTS: Circ-Tulp4 was reduced, while HNRNPC and ABHD6 were elevated in DM-NAFLD models. UCMSCs-EVs attenuated hepatic steatosis and inhibited the NLRP3/cleaved Caspase-1/GSDMD-N pathway. EVs delivered circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, thereby restoring circ-Tulp4 expression. Elevated circ-Tulp4 enhanced the recruitment of H3K27me3 to the HNRNPC promoter through interaction with KDM6B, thus suppressing HNRNPC and ABHD6. Overexpression of HNRNPC or ABHD6 counteracted the protective effects of UCMSCs-EVs, exacerbating pyroptosis and hepatic steatosis in DM-NAFLD. CONCLUSION UCMSCs-EVs deliver circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, where circ-Tulp4 inhibits the HNRNPC/ABHD6 axis, thereby reducing pyroptosis and alleviating DM-NAFLD. These findings provide a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting DM-NAFLD through modulation of cell pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (DM-NAFLD) represents a complex metabolic syndrome with significant clinical challenges. This study explores the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in DM-NAFLD. METHODS: UCMSCs-EVs were isolated and characterized. DM-NAFLD mouse model was developed through highenergy diet and streptozotocin injection. Additionally, primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to high glucose to simulate cellular conditions. Hepatic tissue damage, body weight changes, lipid levels, glucose and insulin homeostasis, and hepatic lipid accumulation were evaluated. The interaction between UCMSCs-EVs and hepatocytes was assessed, focusing on the localization and function of circ-Tulp4. The study also investigated the expression of circularRNA TUBlike protein 4 (circ-Tulp4), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), abhydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), cleaved Caspase-1, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and cleaved N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N). The binding of circ-Tulp4 to lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and the subsequent epigenetic regulation of ABHD6 by H3K27me3 were analyzed. RESULTS: Circ-Tulp4 was reduced, while HNRNPC and ABHD6 were elevated in DM-NAFLD models. UCMSCs-EVs attenuated hepatic steatosis and inhibited the NLRP3/cleaved Caspase-1/GSDMD-N pathway. EVs delivered circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, thereby restoring circ-Tulp4 expression. Elevated circ-Tulp4 enhanced the recruitment of H3K27me3 to the HNRNPC promoter through interaction with KDM6B, thus suppressing HNRNPC and ABHD6. Overexpression of HNRNPC or ABHD6 counteracted the protective effects of UCMSCs-EVs, exacerbating pyroptosis and hepatic steatosis in DM-NAFLD. CONCLUSION UCMSCs-EVs deliver circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, where circ-Tulp4 inhibits the HNRNPC/ABHD6 axis, thereby reducing pyroptosis and alleviating DM-NAFLD. These findings provide a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting DM-NAFLD through modulation of cell pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (DM-NAFLD) represents a complex metabolic syndrome with significant clinical challenges. This study explores the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in DM-NAFLD. METHODS: UCMSCs-EVs were isolated and characterized. DM-NAFLD mouse model was developed through highenergy diet and streptozotocin injection. Additionally, primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to high glucose to simulate cellular conditions. Hepatic tissue damage, body weight changes, lipid levels, glucose and insulin homeostasis, and hepatic lipid accumulation were evaluated. The interaction between UCMSCs-EVs and hepatocytes was assessed, focusing on the localization and function of circ-Tulp4. The study also investigated the expression of circularRNA TUBlike protein 4 (circ-Tulp4), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), abhydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), cleaved Caspase-1, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and cleaved N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N). The binding of circ-Tulp4 to lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and the subsequent epigenetic regulation of ABHD6 by H3K27me3 were analyzed. RESULTS: Circ-Tulp4 was reduced, while HNRNPC and ABHD6 were elevated in DM-NAFLD models. UCMSCs-EVs attenuated hepatic steatosis and inhibited the NLRP3/cleaved Caspase-1/GSDMD-N pathway. EVs delivered circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, thereby restoring circ-Tulp4 expression. Elevated circ-Tulp4 enhanced the recruitment of H3K27me3 to the HNRNPC promoter through interaction with KDM6B, thus suppressing HNRNPC and ABHD6. Overexpression of HNRNPC or ABHD6 counteracted the protective effects of UCMSCs-EVs, exacerbating pyroptosis and hepatic steatosis in DM-NAFLD. CONCLUSION UCMSCs-EVs deliver circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, where circ-Tulp4 inhibits the HNRNPC/ABHD6 axis, thereby reducing pyroptosis and alleviating DM-NAFLD. These findings provide a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting DM-NAFLD through modulation of cell pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (DM-NAFLD) represents a complex metabolic syndrome with significant clinical challenges. This study explores the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in DM-NAFLD. METHODS: UCMSCs-EVs were isolated and characterized. DM-NAFLD mouse model was developed through highenergy diet and streptozotocin injection. Additionally, primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to high glucose to simulate cellular conditions. Hepatic tissue damage, body weight changes, lipid levels, glucose and insulin homeostasis, and hepatic lipid accumulation were evaluated. The interaction between UCMSCs-EVs and hepatocytes was assessed, focusing on the localization and function of circ-Tulp4. The study also investigated the expression of circularRNA TUBlike protein 4 (circ-Tulp4), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), abhydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), cleaved Caspase-1, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and cleaved N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N). The binding of circ-Tulp4 to lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and the subsequent epigenetic regulation of ABHD6 by H3K27me3 were analyzed. RESULTS: Circ-Tulp4 was reduced, while HNRNPC and ABHD6 were elevated in DM-NAFLD models. UCMSCs-EVs attenuated hepatic steatosis and inhibited the NLRP3/cleaved Caspase-1/GSDMD-N pathway. EVs delivered circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, thereby restoring circ-Tulp4 expression. Elevated circ-Tulp4 enhanced the recruitment of H3K27me3 to the HNRNPC promoter through interaction with KDM6B, thus suppressing HNRNPC and ABHD6. Overexpression of HNRNPC or ABHD6 counteracted the protective effects of UCMSCs-EVs, exacerbating pyroptosis and hepatic steatosis in DM-NAFLD. CONCLUSION UCMSCs-EVs deliver circ-Tulp4 into hepatocytes, where circ-Tulp4 inhibits the HNRNPC/ABHD6 axis, thereby reducing pyroptosis and alleviating DM-NAFLD. These findings provide a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting DM-NAFLD through modulation of cell pyroptosis.