Objective:To identify and validate secreted effector proteins of Chlamydia psittaci ( C. psittaci) through bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification, and to characterize their subcellular localization in host cells. Methods:Potential effector proteins were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Candidate effectors were fused to β-lactamase through the constructed expression vectors, and these vectors were transformed into C. psittaci. The secretion of these candidate effectors was evaluated by β-lactamase translocation assays. Eukaryotic expression vectors of confirmed effectors were transfected into host cells to determine their intracellular localization patterns. Results:Bioinformatic analysis identified 29 candidate effector proteins. Experimental validation confirmed the secretion of five effectors, with four exhibiting cytoplasmic localization and one displaying nuclear localization in host cells.Conclusion:This study characterizes five novel C. psittaci secreted effector proteins, providing critical insights for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of psittacosis.

Objective:To identify and validate secreted effector proteins of Chlamydia psittaci ( C. psittaci) through bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification, and to characterize their subcellular localization in host cells. Methods:Potential effector proteins were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Candidate effectors were fused to β-lactamase through the constructed expression vectors, and these vectors were transformed into C. psittaci. The secretion of these candidate effectors was evaluated by β-lactamase translocation assays. Eukaryotic expression vectors of confirmed effectors were transfected into host cells to determine their intracellular localization patterns. Results:Bioinformatic analysis identified 29 candidate effector proteins. Experimental validation confirmed the secretion of five effectors, with four exhibiting cytoplasmic localization and one displaying nuclear localization in host cells.Conclusion:This study characterizes five novel C. psittaci secreted effector proteins, providing critical insights for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of psittacosis.

BACKGROUND: Insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is an important embryonic mitosis growth promoting factor, whichplays a critical role in the process of maintaining normal cell growth. The gene expression of IGF2 is under epigeneticregulation in the way of genomic imprinting. Imprinting loss of IGF2 is likely to be associated with the abnormaldevelopment of the individual and tumorigenesis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of imprinting loss of IGF2 gene on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stemcells into islet-like cells.METHODS: Two kinds of mouse embryonic stem cells (SF1-G and SF1-1) were induced to differentiate into islet-likecells in vitro. The expression of Insulin gene was detected by real-time PCR and cell immunofluorescence. Theexpression of IGF2 was detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in the cellsbefore and after induced differentiation. The level of insulin released at terminal differentiation stage was tested by insulinrelease assay in vitro.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no change in the imprinting state of the two kinds of mouse embryonicstem cells with normal and imprinted IGF-2 gene before and after differentiation. (2) In the induced cells, the expressionlevel of insulin in the SF1-1 group was higher than that in the SF1-G group, although there was no significant differencein the insulin release between the two kinds of cells. (3)The imprinting loss of IGF-2 gene may be related to theup-regulation of insulin mRNA expression in terminal cells during induced differentiation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of initial polytherapy in the patients with newly diagnosed infantile spasm by evaluating the ambulatory electronecephalogram (EEG) profiles and serum neuron specific enolase ( NSE ) level.Methods Data from 108 cases of newly diagnosed infantile spasm from Sep.2007 to Nov.2010 in the Department of Pediatrics,the First Hospital of Jilin University,were respectively analyzed for the EEG profiles and serum NSE level.The patients were treated with multiple drugs.Results ( 1 )After treatment,EEG showed normal shape in 56 cases ( 62.2％ ),sporadic sharp and slow waves without hypsarrhythmia in 32 cases( 35.6％ ),and hypsarrhythmia in 2 cases (2.2％).The overall effective rate was 97.8％.(2) Serum NSE in 35 seizure-free cases were examined at the time points of hospital admission,48 hours and one month after seizure cessation,respectively.NSE level was significantly decreased at 48 hours after seizure control than that at hospital admission ( t =6.54,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; NSE at one month after seizure free was further decreased compared with that at admission point ( t =9.29,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Polytherapy for infantile spasms can ameliorate the abnormal EEGs.NSE level is decreased after seizure cessation.Intelligence is improved 6 months after seizure free and polytherapy may improve the prognosis of the children with infantile spasms.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; surgery ; Adult ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; surgery ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; surgery ; Humans ; Levocardia ; surgery ; Male ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; abnormalities