1.Assessment of Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Cervical Cancer in Relation to MRI and FDG-PET/CT Parameters
Erdenetuya Ya ; ; Gonchigsuren D ; Manduul E ; Adiyadelgerekh B ; Sarnai G ; Li Zhen ; Tsakhim-Erdene Ts ; Munkhbaatar D
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2026;96(6):156-162
Background:
In Mongolia, cervical cancer accounted for 11.9% of all cancers diagnosed in women and 7.3% of cancer-related deaths in 2017, ranking as the third most common cancer among women. The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) guidelines recommend concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) as a standard and effective treatment for patients with FIGO stage IB3–IVA cervical cancer. Accurate assessment of tumor response following CCRT is essential for evaluating treatment efficacy, identifying residual disease, and estimating the risk of recurrence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to assess tumor size, local extent, parametric involvement, and post-treatment morphological changes. In contrast, 18F-FDG PET/CT provides both anatomical and functional information and enables quantitative assessment of tumor metabolic activity using the standardized uptake value (SUV).
Aim:
To estimate the relationship between treatment response to concurrent chemo-radiotherapy and radiological parameters obtained from MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with cervical cancer.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 35 patients with histo-pathologically confirmed cervical carcinoma who received concurrent chemo-radiotherapy at the Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center, between 2024 and 2025. Pelvic MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5-T Siemens MRI system to evaluate tumor dimensions and local tumor characteristics before and after treatment. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to assess the metabolic activity of the primary tumor, and the maximum SUV was measured. Tumor response following CCRT was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. The relationships between tumor response, changes in tumor size, and pre-treatment SUV were statistically analyzed.
Result:
A total of 35 patients aged 32–73 years were included in the study, with a mean age of 51.2±12.6 years. The mean baseline longitudinal tumor diameter measured by MRI was 54.3±15.8 mm. Twenty-eight patients (80.0%) had tumors larger than 4 cm, whereas 7 (20.0%) had tumors smaller than 4 cm. According to the FIGO staging system, 22 patients (62.9%) had stage IIIC1 disease, 7 (20.0%) had stage IIIC2, 3 (8.6%) had stage IIIB, 2 (5.7%) had stage IIB, and 1 (2.9%) had stage IVA disease. Histopathologically, 31 patients (88.6%) had squamous cell carcinoma, 3 (8.6%) had adenocarcinoma, and 1 (2.9%) had clear cell carcinoma. Of the 35 patients, 23 (65.7%) had reached the scheduled post-treatment follow-up time and were evaluable for treatment response according to RECIST 1.1, whereas 12 patients (34.3%) had not yet reached the scheduled time for post-treatment assessment. Among the 23 evaluable patients, 15 (65.2%) achieved a complete response (CR), while 8 (34.8%) achieved a partial response (PR). Following CCRT, the longest tumor diameter measured by MRI decreased by a mean of 94.8% in the CR group and 65.3% in the PR group. The reduction in tumor diameter was significantly greater in the CR group than in the PR group (p=0.0016). The mean baseline primary tumor SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET/CT was 16.0±9.8 in the CR group and 24.3±14.5 in the PR group. Although the baseline SUVmax tended to be lower in the CR group, the difference did not reach statistical significance (Mann–Whitney U test, p=0.059). A higher baseline SUVmax tended to be associated with a smaller reduction in tumor diameter following CCRT.
Conclusion
CCRT resulted in a significant reduction in primary tumor size in patients with cervical cancer. The reduction in tumor size was significantly greater among patients who achieved a complete response than among those who achieved a partial response. Although pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT findings suggest that MRI-based tumor size assessment combined with metabolic information from 18F-FDG PET/CT may provide complementary information for evaluating treatment response following CCRT.
2.Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia presenting with Splenomegaly
Sarnai B ; ; Oyuntulga N ; ; Bilguuntugs Z ; ; Erdenebileg Ts ; ; Munkhtsetseg M ; Odgerel Ts ;
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2026;96(6):245-249
Introduction:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation and accumulation of mature monoclonal B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. CLL is relatively common in Europe and North America, with an incidence of approximately 4–6 cases per 100,000 population, whereas it is rare in South Asia, with an incidence of approximately 0.11 cases per 100,000 population. During the course of the disease, neoplastic lymphocytes may infiltrate the bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and, less commonly, other organs and tissues. CLL presenting with marked splenomegaly in the absence of lymphadenopathy is uncommon. Therefore, in patients with unexplained splenomegaly, the differential diagnosis should include CLL and other lymphoproliferative disorders.
Case Presentation:
We report a case of CLL diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings, laboratory investigations, and additional diagnostic evaluation in a patient who presented to a hematology outpatient clinic with splenomegaly. An 81-year-old man presented with a macular rash involving the thighs, lower legs, chest, and both upper extremities, accompanied by dizziness, unsteadiness, nausea, fatigue, and generalized weakness. Physical examination revealed massive splenomegaly with a smooth surface and blunt edge, palpable approximately 25 cm below the left costal margin. Laboratory investigations demonstrated hyperleukocytosis with lymphocytosis, moderate normocytic normochromic anemia, and severe thrombocytopenia. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed massive splenomegaly, with the spleen measuring 27.9×20.0×7.9 cm. The patient was treated with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 250 mg/m (400 mg administered) in combination with glucocorticoid therapy. Following treatment, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis improved, and the spleen decreased substantially in size, becoming palpable approximately 4 cm below the umbilicus on physical examination.
Conclusion
Hematologic malignancies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with unexplained splenomegaly. In this case, a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was established based on bone marrow examination and the overall clinical and laboratory findings. Following treatment with cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids, peripheral blood abnormalities improved and splenic enlargement decreased substantially, suggesting a favorable therapeutic response.
3.The study results on the job satisfaction among employees of primary and referral level hospitals
Buyandelger B ; Erdenebileg N ; Yerkebulan M ; Sarnai Ts ; Davaalkham D ; Khurelbaatar N
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2025;89(5):11-17
Background:
Employee satisfaction in the healthcare sector has a direct impact not only on the quality of medical
services, but also on workforce stability and overall organizational performance. High levels of job satisfaction are
associated with improved work performance, whereas low satisfaction often leads to negative outcomes such as stress and
burnout. Although studies on job satisfaction have been conducted in Mongolia, research specifically targeting healthcare
workers—and identifying the key factors influencing their satisfaction—remains relatively limited. This gap provides the
rationale for the present study
Aim:
The objective of this study is to examine job satisfaction among healthcare workers at primary and referral hospitals
and to identify key factors influencing it.
Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 among 1,883 physicians, nurses, and
other healthcare professionals aged 18–65 years from 11 provinces and Ulaanbaatar city, using a quantitative research
approach with a cross-sectional design. Job satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire comprising six subdomains
(supportive leadership, opportunities for human resource development, professional ethics, organizational culture, quality
of healthcare services, and workplace safety), rated on a three-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using IBM
SPSS Statistics version 26.0.
Results:
The overall level of job satisfaction among participants was 77.6%. Among the subdomains, workplace safety
and supportive environment scored the lowest at 71.7%, whereas the quality and safety of healthcare services scored the
highest at 83.4%. The findings indicated that holding a managerial position in hospitals in Ulaanbaatar and working as
a physician in primary-level hospitals were positively associated with job satisfaction (p < 0.05). Age demonstrated a
statistically significant association with job satisfaction, while years of work experience showed a negative correlation,
with satisfaction decreasing as tenure increased (r = −0.09, p < 0.001). The findings indicate that improving healthcare
workers’ job satisfaction requires strengthening and supporting several organizational dimensions, including supportive
leadership, opportunities for human resource development, organizational culture, workplace safety, and a supportive
work environment
Conclusion
Workplace safety and support, opportunities for human resource development, and organizational culture
were found to be critical determinants of employee job satisfaction. The findings suggest that job satisfaction can be
enhanced by optimizing organizational support, ensuring opportunities for professional growth, and strengthening
workplace safety
4.Results of a study on the effect of Notch signaling pathway inhibitors on ameloblastoma cell invasion
Baoyinbatu ; ; Wurihan ; ; Baolidao ; Damdindorj B ; Sarnai Ts
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2025;90(6):6-11
Background:
There are many theories to explain the origin and development of cancer, and it is a multistep process. It
depends on many genes that control functions such as growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
Ameloblastoma is a tumor of odontogenic epithelium, 80% of which occur in the jaw and often painlessly enlarge
the jaw and cause facial deformity. Although ameloblastoma is a benign tumor, it is a locally invasive tumor and has a
recurrence rate of up to 90% after surgery. It can also transform into cancer. According to the results of the researchers,
ameloblastoma cells grow and infiltrate. The current standard treatment for ameloblastoma includes osteotomy, which is
divided into marginal mandibular, segmental maxillary, partial maxillary, or total maxillary resection, depending on the
location of the tumor. Although these surgical treatments are somewhat effective, the results often result in jaw deformity
and facial deformity. Therefore, it is necessary to actively search for specific therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have
begun to investigate the relationship between the activation of abnormal signaling pathways and ameloblastoma invasion.
The complex interactions between signaling pathway elements, target genes, and molecular entities regulate tumor cell
growth, apoptosis, and other key pathological phenomena in various signaling pathways. The results of other researchers
have shown that the Notch signaling pathway is important in promoting ameloblastoma cell invasion. However, the role
of the Notch signaling pathway and its related proteins in ameloblastoma cell invasion remains unclear. Our study investigated
how inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway affects ameloblastoma cell invasion and investigated the relationship
between them. We conducted a study to determine how this pathway affects ameloblastoma cell invasion by inhibiting the
Notch signaling pathway in ameloblastoma cells.
Aim:
To investigate the effect of Notch signaling pathway inhibitors on ameloblastoma cell invasion.
Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at the Experimental Research Base of Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng
University, Inner Mongolia, China, using quantitative research methods and experimental research designs. The effect of
FLI-06 on the infiltration of AB cells after inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway was studied by Transwell method.
The ameloblastoma cell lines used in the study were obtained from the Experimental Research Base of Affiliated Hospital
of Chifeng University. The Notch signaling pathway inhibitor FLI-06 was purchased from Absin Bioscience Inc. (Absin®
CAS: 313967-18-9), Shanghai.
Results:
After staining the cells in the Transwell (Lower chamber) with Amethyst dye, the number of AB cells inhibited
by FLI-06 was observed under a microscope. The cell permeability of the control group was estimated to be 100%,
while the cell permeability of the experimental group was 25%. The infiltration activity of ameloblastoma cells was
1.37±0.06%, and the number of infiltrating cells was 137.20±25.55, while the infiltration activity of normal oral mucosa
cells was 0.12±0.01%, and the number of infiltrating cells was 80.40±3.36. The number of AB cells after inhibition with
FLI-06 was 34.60±6.95, and the number of cells in the control group using simple culture medium was 137.20±25.55.
Conclusion
Inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway with FLI-06 reduced ameloblastoma cell invasion
5.Findings on the Incidence of Adverse Events in referral level hospitals
Lkhagvasuren B ; Enkh-Erdene E ; Myagmarsuren Sh ; Garamgai B ; Battur L ; Sarnai Ts ; Khurelbaatar N
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2025;90(6):94-99
Background:
Patient safety is a core dimension of healthcare quality and has become a global priority. According to the
report by the U.S. Institute of Medicine, between 44,000 and 98,000 deaths occur annually due to medical errors in hospitals.
One of the key indicators of patient safety is the Adverse Events (AE), defined as unintended harm to a patient that
results from medical care rather than from the underlying disease. The assessment of adverse events is not only a tool for
detecting errors but also an active strategy for improving system reliability and safety. Accurate identification of adverse
events is therefore essential for enhancing patient safety and serves as a critical performance indicator with financial
implications for hospitals.
Aim:
To determine the incidence of adverse events in referral hospitals and to analyze the relationship between triggers
and adverse events.
Material and Methods:
Data were collected during 2023–2024 from three referral hospitals, the First, Second, and
Third State Central Hospitals after obtaining institutional approval. The study was conducted within the framework of
the Whole System Measures methodology developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), which is internationally
used for system-wide performance assessment. Data extraction was performed from electronic health records
and inpatient departments, and statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.
Results:
The study identified 8.3% adverse events per 1,000 patient-days, which is 1.66 times higher than the international
reference rate. A statistically significant association was observed between the number of triggers and the occurrence of
adverse events, indicating that the use of triggers facilitates the active detection of adverse events.
Conclusion
The incidence of adverse events in tertiary specialized hospitals was found to be higher than international
benchmarks. The application of trigger-based active surveillance proved to be an effective method for identifying adverse
events and enhancing patient safety monitoring systems.
6.Results of a study on the effect of Notch signaling pathway inhibitors on ameloblastoma cell proliferation
Baoyinbatu ; ; Wurihan ; ; Baolidao ; Damdindorj B ; Sarnai Ts
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2025;90(6):184-188
Background:
Ameloblastoma (AB) is an odontogenic epithelial tumor. 80% of ameloblastomas occur in the jaw and
often painlessly enlarge the jaw and cause facial deformity. Ameloblastoma is usually treated with a complete osteotomy,
which is divided into three types: partial maxillary marginal resection, maxillary sinus resection, and total maxillary
resection. These surgical procedures cause jaw deformity and facial trauma, so effective treatment methods with minimal
trauma are still being sought in medicine. In order to develop new drugs for the treatment of ameloblastoma, it is
necessary to study the molecular mechanisms that inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. In recent years, it has been
established that ameloblastoma is caused by abnormal activation of signaling pathways. Multiple signaling pathway regulators,
target genes, and molecular interactions are involved in tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Previous studies
have shown that blocking key signaling pathways is not only a therapeutic option in clinical practice, but also a useful tool
in selecting tumor resection sites. Therefore, studying the molecular level of the Notch signaling pathway in the proliferation
of ameloblastoma cells is of great importance for the treatment of the disease. Studies have shown that many factors
of the Notch signaling pathway play important roles in promoting or inhibiting different tumors. The Notch signaling
pathway promotes tumor cell proliferation by regulating CDK1, Cyclin D1, HES-1, and COX-2. Chinese researchers Li
Wenchao and Baolidao’s research team have studied factors related to AB proliferation and invasion for the past decade,
and have identified the roles of factors such as COX-2, Survivin, Akt, and PI3K in AB proliferation and invasion, and
have successfully cultured primary ameloblastoma cells. However, the exact role of the Notch signaling pathway in AB
cell proliferation has not been clearly studied.
Aim:
To study the effect of Notch signaling pathway inhibitors on ameloblastoma cell proliferation.
Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at the Experimental Research Base of Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng
University, Inner Mongolia, China, using quantitative research methods and experimental research designs. The expression
of Notch1, Cyclin D1, and CDK1 genes in AB cells was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The
effect of FLI-06 on the proliferation of AB cells after inhibition was studied by counting (CCK8) method. The ameloblastoma
cell lines used in the study were obtained from the Experimental Research Base of Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng
University. The Notch signaling pathway inhibitor FLI-06 was purchased from Absin Bioscience Inc. (Absin® CAS:
313967-18-9), Shanghai.
Results:
In the study, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of Cyclin D1 in AB cells
was 7.01 times higher than that in normal oral mucosa cells, the expression of CDK1 was 2.63 times higher, and the
expression of Notch1 was 4.95 times higher. The cell proliferation of the control group was calculated as 100% by the
AB cell proliferation inhibitor (CCK8) method, and compared with the experimental group, the cell proliferation of the
group added with 5.0μM FLI-06 was 53.98%, 46.53% in the 10.0μM concentration group, and 22.33% in the 20.0μM
concentration group.
Conclusion
Notch1, Cyclin D1, and CDK1 expression in ameloblastoma were significantly different from that in normal
oral mucosa cells. Inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway with FLI-06 reduced ameloblastoma cell proliferation.
7.Results of the Study on the Effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Inula helenium L. Extracts on Nitric Oxide Production in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Model
Anand A ; Ariunzaya Lkh ; Ariunzaya M ; Enkhsaikhan Lkh ; Zolzaya B ; Sarnai Ts ; Shiirevnyamba A ; Ariunzaya B
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2025;86(2):70-76
Background:
Nitric oxide (NO) is a biological messenger molecule that plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of
inflammation. It has anti-inflammatory effects under physiological conditions but can act as a pro-inflammatory mediator
when produced excessively under abnormal conditions. NO is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases affecting
the joints, intestines, and lungs. Therefore, compounds that inhibit NO production are considered important for the
treatment of inflammatory diseases and are used clinically. The RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage-like cell line is a widely
used model for inflammation studies. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative
bacteria, is used to activate RAW 264.7 cells and create an inflammation model. Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as
licorice, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Fabaceae family. It has been widely used in traditional medicine due to its
anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hepatoprotective properties. Recent studies have shown that licorice contains bioactive
compounds such as glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin, which play an important role in inhibiting the synthesis
of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages induced by LPS. Inula helenium L., also known as elecampane, is a
perennial herbaceous plant used as an expectorant, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-helminthic agent in various
respiratory diseases. Licorice and Inula helenium are included in Mongolian traditional medicine prescriptions, but their
anti-inflammatory effects have not been fully determined, which forms the basis for this research.
Aim:
To study the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Inula helenium extracts on the production of NO, the end product
of inflammation, in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
Materials and Methods:
The non-toxic dose of the plant extracts was determined in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage-like
cell line cultures using the MTT assay. Nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cell line cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide
was assessed using the Griess method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS 25.0
software, with the p-value calculated by one-way ANOVA, and the differences between groups were evaluated.
Results:
In RAW 264.7 cell cultures, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Inula helenium extracts were non-toxic and promoted
cell growth at doses ranging from 1 to 25 μg/ml, while a dose of 50 μg/ml was toxic and inhibited cell growth (p<0.01).
When the combined plant extracts were applied to cells at doses ranging from 1 to 100 μg/ml, they were also non-toxic
and enhanced cell growth, while a dose of 500 μg/ml was toxic and inhibited growth (p<0.001). In terms of nitric oxide
production, Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract increased NO production in a dose- and time-dependent manner compared to
the control or PBS-treated group. However, Inula helenium extract did not show a dose- or time-dependent effect on NO
production. In the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model, licorice extract inhibited NO production at a dose of
30 μg/ml after 12 hours, and further reduced NO production in a dose- and time-dependent manner after 48 hours. Conversely,
no significant changes were observed in the Inula helenium extract group at a dose of 25 μg/ml after 48 hours, but
a reduction in LPS-induced NO production was observed at a dose of 25 μg/ml after 48 hours.
Conclusion
Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract alone increased NO production in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It also
reduced LPS-induced NO production in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, Inula helenium extract inhibited
LPS-induced NO production at a dose of 25 μg/ml after 48 hours.
8.The cell protective effect of licorice and elecampane plant extracts from hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity
Anand A ; Ariunzaya M ; Ariunzaya Lkh ; Zolzaya B ; Sarnai Ts ; Ariunzaya B
Diagnosis 2025;112(1):14-20
:
The increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and economic development, presents significant individuals,
families, challenges and to healthcare systems. These diseases are often linked to lifestyle choices, poor diet, and physical inactivity. As a result, there is growing interest in finding alternatives to synthetic
drugs, particularly those derived from medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are known to contain bioactive compounds that offer therapeutic properties with fewer side effects compared to conventional
pharmaceuticals. This study explores the cytoprotective effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) and Inula helenium (elecampane) extracts against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells.
The study found that both plant extracts were non-toxic at doses ranging from 1 to 25 µg/mL and promoted cell growth (p<0.01). The results suggest that these extracts support cell survival and exhibit
biological activity.
To assess the antioxidant effects, various concentrations of H2O2 (10–400 µM) were tested, and 200 µM was found to significantly reduce cell viability. Licorice and elecampane extracts (10 µg/mL and 25 µg/ mL, respectively) enhanced cell viability and reduced oxidative damage. Both extracts significantly reduced cell death compared to the H2O2-only group (p<0.01), highlighting their potent antioxidant properties.
Conclusion
Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Inula helenium extracts demonstrated strong cytoprotective and antioxidant effects, supporting their potential as natural therapeutics for oxidative stress-related conditions.
9.Association between serum cryoglobulinemia and clinical manifestation in chronic hepatitis C patients
Amin-Erdene G ; Gantogtokh D ; Yumchinsuren Ts ; Dolgion D ; Bolor U ; Otgongerel N ; Enkhmend Kh ; Ganchimeg D ; Tulgaa L ; Sarnai Ts ; Batbold B
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences 2025;88(4):92-99
Background:
The most common clinical manifestation of HCV infection, which includes both hepatic and extrahepatic
manifestations, is mixed cryoglobulinemia, which is characterized by the precipitation of certain proteins in the blood at
temperatures below 37°C (in vitro), aggregation, and deposition in the walls of small and medium-sized vessels, causing
vasculitis, which is clinically manifested by a triad of joint pain, fatigue, and rash on the soles of the feet. Cryoglobulinemia is commonly diagnosed in people with HCV infection, with a prevalence ranging from 10% to 70%. Vasculitis that
occurs when cryoglobulinemia is detected mainly affects the small vessels of the skin, kidneys, and peripheral nerves,
causing complications in other organ systems.
Aim :
To determine the prevalence of cryoglobulinemia in people with HCV infection, study it in relation to the stage of
liver fibrosis, and determine its clinical relevance.
Materials and Methods :
200 chronic HCV infected individuals were included in the study according to the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent from each participant, a questionnaire was used to collect information, perform physical measurements, and collect peripheral blood samples. Complete blood count and biochemical
tests (liver and kidney function) were performed. The degree of liver fibrosis was assessed non-invasively (APRI, FIB4). The glomerular filtration rate was calculated electronically using the MDRD GFR Equation. Skin examination was
performed to assess the presence of rash, ulcers, and scarring on the shins and ankles of cryoglobulinemia. To determine
cryoglobulinemia, 8 ml of blood was collected in a tube without anticoagulant, and the sample was kept motionless for
1 hour at room temperature until clotting was complete. After centrifugation, the samples were separated and stored in a
refrigerator at +4°C for 7 days, and then at room temperature for 30 minutes, the precipitate was detected.
Results :
A total of 200 people participated in the study, of which 71 were men (35.5%), the average age was 53.39±13.0.
Cryoglobulinemia protein precipitates were determined in a total of 148 people, of which 50 were men (33.8%), the
average age was 52.95±13.0. Cryoglobulinemia protein precipitates were detected in 89 people, or 60.1% of the study
participants. Of the total study participants, 176 (88.0%) had chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Of these, 57 people had CHC
with cryoglobulinemia. Comparing laboratory parameters, the mean GGT level in the cryoglobulinemia group was statistically significantly higher than in the non-cryoglobulinemia group (p=0.039). However, when laboratory parameters
were grouped by increasing or decreasing, AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in the cryoglobulinemia group,
indicating more hepatocellular damage (p<0.000). Increased creatinine levels may be associated with the risk of renal
dysfunction. The FIB-4 index and APRI index showed a more severe degree of fibrosis in the cryoglobulinemia group
(p<0.005; p<0.000). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was associated with the occurrence of cryoglobulinemia (OR=2.48; 95% CI:1.31–4.70; p=0.005). Platelet count had a statistically significant positive effect in multivariate analysis (OR=14.38; 95% CI:1.26–163.89; p=0.032).
Conclusion
The prevalence of cryoglobulinemia among HCV-infected patients was 60.1%, and older age and decreased
platelet count among infected individuals were associated with the occurrence of cryoglobulinemia.
10.The phytochemic and pharmakologic activity extract of malbus in kidney damage
Uranzaya D ; Oyun Z ; Ariunaa Z ; Narantsetseg DO ; Sarnai TS ; Altanchimeg A ; Chimedragchaa CH
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2013;164(2):71-75
BackgroundThese study made us to investigate the drug row material of Mongolian traditional medicine such us Tribulus terrestris, Malva neclecta Wall and Eriocheir sinensis compounded preparation named “Malbus”. Investigated us preparations steel using for treatment of kidney and urinetract deseases, it is one of effective in Mongolian traditional drug preparations.Material and MethodsThe experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee at the Ministry Health of Mongolia. In research we used 20 healthy mice and 60 Wistar rats. Investigation was based and implemented at scientific research laboratory of Traditional Medical Science Technology and Producttion Corporation and pathological laboratory of Institute Veterinary medicine. Chemically acting substances is steroid saponin content in Malbus compound was detected by using thin layerchromatography (TLC) and its value was determined by UV-spectrophotometry. The acute oral toxicity study was according to the method Prozorovsky (1978). The toxic nephrosis was produced using Gentamicin (80 mg/kg) rats by using Neugarten’s method (1983).ResultsThe ethanolic extract results of the phytochemical investigations showed that conteined in the “Malbus” determined the presence of bioactive substances such as flavonoids, steroid saponins. The ethanolic extract of Malbus was found to be LD50 of 16.3 g/kg. Toxic nephrosis was induced in Wistar rats administered preparation Malbus dose 80 mg/kg, 160 mg/kg, and 240 mg/kg. Blood levels of creatinine, uric acid, and urea were siginificantly reduced by Malbus treatment compared tocontrol. Histological study revealed that Malbus was effective for treatment of nephritis in rats induced by gentamicin.Conclusions:1. The ethanolic extract of “Malbus” compound determined the presence of bioactive substances such as flavonoids, steroid saponins.2. LD50 of Malbus 16.3 g/kg, the preparation is has nephroprotective effect on experimental Gentamicine induced nephrosis in rats.
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