Background: Currently, dental impressions are captured using both conventional and digital methods. Numerous studies worldwide have assessed conventional impression techniques in both clinical and in vitro settings. While most studies have evaluated the factors affecting error rates during impression taking, few have examined error rates by impression material type. Proper evaluation of working models and clarification of the causes of impression errors and the factors influencing them form the basis for effective restoration of patients’ oral health. In appliance fabrication, the material properties, technology, and techniques used directly influence the final outcome. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the causes of impression errors and the related factors that have not been fully investigated in previous studies, including impression-taking technique, impression material type, the size of the area requiring restoration, and other related factors. Aim: To investigate the factors influencing clinical errors in working models used in fixed prosthodontics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from May 2025 to November 2025 and included 80 working models prepared for fixed prosthesis fabrication. The models were collected from the Central Hospital Laboratory of the MNUMS School of Dentistry, Changed Goods Dental Laboratory, and Suld Dental Laboratory in Ulaanbaatar. After disinfection and drying, the models were analyzed using a Model MD-ID0400 digital 3D scanner to evaluate factors potentially contributing to impression errors. Result: Of the 80 cases included in the study, 67.5% (n=54) were male and 32.5% (n=26) were female, with a mean age of 35.2±3.5 years. Data were collected from working models prepared from impressions submitted by dental clinics for fixed dental restorations and evaluated digitally. All impressions were made using addition silicone impression material. The mean number of working models presenting impression errors among the received cases was 8.00±3.53. Conclusion 1. In the practice of dentistry, the impact of material properties on the quality of the material is not enough to make better impressions of the teeth without additional silicone. The total number of impressions taken was 8.00±3.53. 2. The error rate of the impression taking method was 7.78±3.9 in one stage and 8.03±3.51 in two stages (p<0.843).

Background: Life expectancy in Mongolia has increased by 8.3 years over the past three decades (1995–2025), reaching 72.1 years in 2025 (68.1 years for men and 76.2 years for women; National Statistics Office of Mongolia, 2025). Concurrently, the population aged ≥60 years has increased 2.65-fold since 1990, exceeding 338,000 in 2025. Particularly marked increases have been observed among those aged 60–64 years (241%) and 65–69 years (195%), reflecting the rapid pace of population ageing. These demographic changes are expected to increase the demand for age-appropriate oral healthcare, prosthodontic treatment, and oral rehabilitation services. Aim: To assess oral health status among older adults and examine its association with eating ability. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 301 adults aged ≥50 years residing in the Chingeltei, Bayangol, Sukhbaatar, and Khan-Uul districts of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Oral health status was assessed through clinical examination, including tooth loss and denture use, and using the eight-item Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Based on the OHAT assessment, oral health status was categorized as good or poor. Eating ability was assessed using a standardized questionnaire covering four domains: (1) difficulty biting and chewing hard-textured foods, such as whole pieces of meat and apples, using an ordinal scale; (2) ability to comfortably eat desired foods; (3) restriction of the type or amount of food consumed due to oral health problems; and (4) oral sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using Pearson’s chi-square (χ) test, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Demographic variables, including age group and sex, were also considered in the analyses. Result: The mean age of the participants was 69.0±7.8 years; 74% were women and 26% were men. Overall, 98.6% had experienced tooth loss, and 23.6% were completely edentulous. The use of removable dentures increased significantly with age (χ=8.83, p=0.032) and was more common among women than men (65.9% vs. 45.9%; χ=8.45, p=0.004). According to the OHAT assessment, 21.0% of participants had poor oral health status, which was significantly associated with educational level (χ=27.69, p<0.001). Among participants with available data on the ability to comfortably eat desired foods (n=240), 27.1% reported being completely unable to do so. This outcome did not differ significantly by age group (p=0.823) or sex (p=0.405). Regarding hard-textured foods such as whole pieces of meat and apples, 50.6% reported being completely unable to bite or chew them, whereas only 11.3% reported being able to consume them without difficulty. The proportion unable to consume hard foods was substantially higher among participants with dietary restrictions than among those without restrictions (82% vs. 22%; χ=74.1, p<0.001). Oral sensitivity was significantly associated with dietary restriction (χ=11.5, p=0.022) and self-rated oral health status (χ=7.7, p=0.021), but was not significantly associated with specific food types, such as meat or citrus fruits (p>0.05). These findings suggest that oral sensitivity is associated with overall dietary restriction rather than selective avoidance of particular foods. Conclusion Oral health problems among older adults are associated with impaired biting and chewing ability and may contribute to dietary restriction. Therefore, nutritional assessment in older adults should extend beyond clinical oral examination to include functional eating ability. A multidisciplinary approach involving dental professionals, geriatricians, and dietitians may provide a more comprehensive assessment of oral health–related nutritional risks in this population.

Background: One of the primary morphological changes in complete edentulism is the resorption of the alveolar bone. Following tooth extraction, the dominance of bone resorption processes leads to a reduction in both the height and width of the alveolar ridge. This process is most intensive during the first year of edentulism. The mandible resorbs faster than the maxilla. In recent years, panoramic radiography has been widely used to assess alveolar bone resorption, particularly by using the mental foramen (foramen mentale) as a stable anatomical landmark to reduce measurement errors and enhance assessment accuracy. Aim: To study the correlation between mandibular alveolar ridge resorption and its contributing factors in completely edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS), focusing on the Central Hospital of Oral and Maxillofacial Dentistry. A total of 50 patients were enrolled. Data collection included an 11 questionnaire and panoramic radiographs. Quantitative values of mandibular alveolar resorption were measured from the radiographs, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results: The mean age of participants was 68.2±9.2 years, with 32% being male (n=16) and 68% female (n=34). Mandibular alveolar ridge resorption was 34.6±14.4 in males and 50.4±11.6 in females, showing a statistically significant difference between genders (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between alveolar ridge resorption and the duration of edentulism in either gender (p=0.288). Similarly, there was no significant correlation between resorption and the duration of denture wear (p=0.133) or the number of prosthetic treatments received (p=0.213). Conclusion Mandibular alveolar bone resorption is more pronounced in females. However, the duration of edentulism, the duration of denture wear, and the frequency of prosthetic treatments do not appear to significantly influence the extent of alveolar ridge resorption.

ABSTRACT. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, or RAS, is common oral disorder of uncertain etiopathogenesis for which only symptomatic therapy is available. This article reviews the current clinical features of RAS among study patients and the result of therapeutic effects of the herbal preparation Akhizunber. Over the past four years we have treated 61 RAS patients with different clinical forms by herbal preparation Akhizunber or Alumekatin. The distribution of clinical forms RAS RAS among study patients were minor aphthae -75.4%, major aphthae -16.4% and herpetiform ulcers -8.2% respectively. The healing time of treated Akhizunber was in minor aphthae -9.28±4.82 days, major aphthae -14 days and herpetiform ulcers -12 days. Of the total study participants, the patients treated by Akhizunber reported a rapid and complete recovery from RAS during treatment compared with treated patients by Alumekatin. Treatment with herbal preparation Akhizunber can be effective for patients suffering from RAS in any clinic form, regardless of their ulcer number and size.