Canalicular adenoma is a rare benign tumor that arises in the minor salivary gland. Clinically, it usually presents as an asymptomatic nodule on the upper lip or buccal mucosa. It is necessary to histopathologically differentiate canalicular adenoma from basal cell adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Canalicular adenoma shows tubular structures composed of 1 or 2 layers of columnar cells and intraluminal hemorrhage. Squamous morules, which seem to represent metaplasia, are a unique finding for this tumor. Immunohistochemical staining is often helpful for the diagnosis of canalicular adenoma, which is positive for S-100 and CK (AE1/3). Herein, we report a case of canalicular adenoma in a 71-year-old man who presented with an asymptomatic nodule on the upper lip. As far as we know, this is the first report of canalicular in Korean Dermatology Journal.
Adenoma* ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Dermatology ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lip* ; Metaplasia ; Mouth Mucosa ; Salivary Glands, Minor

This study presents a case of an oral angioleiomyoma along with its clinical diagnostic approach and laboratory confirmation. The differential diagnosis, especially from angioleiomyosarcoma, is also included. A 51-year-old patient presented with a tumor-like lesion on his upper labial mucosa. The clinical examination revealed a benign lesion that was surgically removed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the diagnosis of an oral angioleiomyoma. The post-surgical period was uneventful. No recurrence had occurred after a year of follow-up surveillance. Oral angioleiomyoma is a very rarely occurring oral lesion. Clinically, it may mimic some benign lesions, including fibroma, pyogenic granuloma or minor salivary gland tumor. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Histological and immunohistochemical examination can confirm the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is crucial to rule out angioleiomyosarcoma.
Angiomyoma* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibroma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mouth* ; Mucous Membrane ; Recurrence ; Salivary Glands, Minor

Cystadenocarcinoma, a term established by the 2005 World Health Organization classification system to an entity of cystadenocarcinoma, is a rare malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands. Major locations of this neoplasm are the parotid gland, sublingual gland, and minor salivary glands. We encountered a case of cystadenocarcinoma originating from a parotid gland in a 28-year old man. He received radiation therapy followed by superficial parotidectomy. At 18 months of follow-up, no recurrence is observed. We herein report the case with a review of literature.
Classification ; Cystadenocarcinoma* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Parotid Gland* ; Recurrence ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sublingual Gland ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the laboratory and clinical manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) association with chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression in the ductal and acinar salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) of the minor salivary glands. METHODS: The sociodemographic data of 106 SS patients was obtained, and the glandular and extraglandular manifestations of the disease documented. The minor salivary glands were biopsied and the laboratory findings analyzed. European League Against Rheumatism SS disease activity index (ESSDAI) and SS disease damage index (SSDDI) scores were obtained during biopsy. An immunohistochemical approach was used to define the expression of CXCL1 in the salivary glands. RESULTS: Of 106 patients, the minor salivary glands of 22 patients (20.7%) stained positively for CXCL1. Such CXCL1-positive patients exhibited higher ESSDAI scores at the time of biopsy than the CXCL1-negative patients (3.86±2.27 vs. 2.64±1.62, p=0.015). Lymphadenopathy was more frequently observed in CXCL1-positive patients, compared with CXCL1-negative patients (31.8% vs. 9.5%, p=0.014). No differences between groups were identified in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory data, or the extent of the glandular manifestation of SS. CONCLUSION: The expression of CXCL1 within the ductal and acinar SGEC of SS patients is associated with lymphadenopathy and elevated clinical disease activity. CXCL1 may play an important role in the disease activity and prognosis of SS.
Biopsy ; Chemokine CXCL1* ; Chemokines ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Prognosis ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor*

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common type of malignant neoplasm in the minor salivary gland. The hard palate is a frequently involved site of MEC. The treatment of low-grade MEC on the hard palate is wide local resection with a tumor-free margin. In the present case, the maxillary defect was reconstructed using a buccal fat pad (BFP) flap, followed by application of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) ointment for 2 weeks. The grafted BFP successfully covered the tumor resection defect without tension and demonstrated complete re-epithelialization without any complications.
Adipose Tissue* ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Hexylresorcinol* ; Palate, Hard ; Re-Epithelialization ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to develop a salivation stimulation method and to verify the effect of a salivation stimulation method on xerostomia in colon cancer patients after surgery. METHODS: This study targeted 21 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group, who were diagnosed with colon cancer and underwent surgery at A university hospital. The salivation stimulation method consists of tongue movement for stimulating minor salivary glands in mouth and a parotid gland and submandibular gland massage with hands. The method was applied four times a day for 2 days the next day after surgery. RESULTS: On the first postoperative day, the experimental group showed a significantly larger amount of salivation than the control group (p=.010). On the second postoperative day, the experimental group showed a significantly larger amount of salivation than the control group (p<.001). On the first postoperative day, the subjective xerostomia scores in the experimental group and control group were not statistically significant (p=.165). On the second postoperative day, the experimental group showed a significantly lower subjective xerostomia score than the control group (p=.001). CONCLUSION: It is considered that providing cancer patients with this salivation stimulation method after surgery would reduce discomfort caused by xerostomia.
Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Hand ; Humans ; Massage ; Methods* ; Mouth ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Salivation* ; Submandibular Gland ; Tongue ; Xerostomia*

We investigated the clinical and biological significance of germinal centers (GC) present in the minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Minor salivary gland tissue biopsies from 93 patients with SS were used to identify GC-like structures, which were confirmed by CD21-positive follicular dendritic cell networks. Patients were compared based upon sociodemographics, glandular and extraglandular manifestations, and laboratory findings including autoantibody profiles, complement, and immunoglobulin levels; EULAR SS disease activity index (ESSDAI) and SS disease damage index (SSDDI) were also measured. GC-like structures were observed in 28 of 93 SS patients (30.1%). Mean focus scores and CRP levels were significantly higher in GC-positive patients than in GC-negative patients; GC-positive patients also exhibit a higher prevalence of rheumatoid factor and anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies compared to GC-negative patients. No differences in glandular or extra-glandular manifestations were evident between groups. In conclusion, SS patients with GC-like structures in the minor salivary glands exhibited laboratory profiles significantly different from those of their GC-negative counterparts. Long-term follow-up of these patients will be necessary to determine whether these laboratory abnormalities are predictive of clinical outcomes.
Adult ; Autoantibodies/blood ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Demography ; Female ; Germinal Center/*pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Complement 3d/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Glands, Minor/*pathology ; Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology/metabolism/*pathology

We investigated the clinical and biological significance of germinal centers (GC) present in the minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Minor salivary gland tissue biopsies from 93 patients with SS were used to identify GC-like structures, which were confirmed by CD21-positive follicular dendritic cell networks. Patients were compared based upon sociodemographics, glandular and extraglandular manifestations, and laboratory findings including autoantibody profiles, complement, and immunoglobulin levels; EULAR SS disease activity index (ESSDAI) and SS disease damage index (SSDDI) were also measured. GC-like structures were observed in 28 of 93 SS patients (30.1%). Mean focus scores and CRP levels were significantly higher in GC-positive patients than in GC-negative patients; GC-positive patients also exhibit a higher prevalence of rheumatoid factor and anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies compared to GC-negative patients. No differences in glandular or extra-glandular manifestations were evident between groups. In conclusion, SS patients with GC-like structures in the minor salivary glands exhibited laboratory profiles significantly different from those of their GC-negative counterparts. Long-term follow-up of these patients will be necessary to determine whether these laboratory abnormalities are predictive of clinical outcomes.
Adult ; Autoantibodies/blood ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Demography ; Female ; Germinal Center/*pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Complement 3d/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Glands, Minor/*pathology ; Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology/metabolism/*pathology

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) for patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: We have conducted a search from Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, and performed a meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of MSGB in pSS patients. RESULTS: A total of eight studies, including 583 pSS and 627 non-pSS patients, were available for the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MSGB were 75.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.0~79.1) and 90.7% (88.1~92.9), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 9.475 (4.051~22.16), 0.266 (0.208~0.340), and 38.92 (19.12~72.21), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.901 and the Q*; index was 0.902, indicating a high diagnostic accuracy. Some between-study heterogeneity was found in the meta-analyses; however, there was no evidence of a threshold effect (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.419; p=0.301). Meta-regression showed that the study quality, sample size, study design, and diagnostic criteria were not sources of heterogeneity, and subgroup meta-analyses did not change the overall diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis of published studies demonstrates that MSGB has a high diagnostic accuracy and may play an important role in the diagnosis of pSS.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Population Characteristics ; Salivary Glands, Minor* ; Sample Size ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary gland. This disease mainly involves the major salivary gland. Sialolithiasis of the minor salivary gland is rare. A case of sialolithiasis of the upper lip was reported, and relevant literature was reviewed in this paper.
Humans ; Lip ; Mouth Mucosa ; Salivary Gland Calculi ; Salivary Glands, Minor