The advancement of microbiome technologies has facilitated a growing interest in the interactions between urinary microbiota and urinary stone formation. This article systematically reviews the technological evolution, and the reciprocal mechanism of microbiota involvement in lithogenesis and its clinical significance. It specifically highlights the changes within the urinary microbiota of calcium oxalate stone patients, notably a depletion of Lactobacillus populations and an enrichment of pathogenic taxa such as Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, it delineates the mechanisms whereby microbes participate in stone formation through metabolic regulation, physical adhesion, and inflammatory processes. The article also explores the influence exerted by distinct stone types on the structural composition and functional dynamics of the urinary microbiota. Integrated multi-omics analyses offer novel perspectives for unraveling the intricate microbiome-host interaction network. This approach is anticipated to facilitate significant advances in developing precision-focused prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for urinary stones from a microecological standpoint.

Based on the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory of "kidney-brain interaction", a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal effects of chronic kidney disease(CKD) on Alzheimer's disease(AD) and analyze the potential mechanisms of kidney-tonifying and essence-replenishing TCM to improve AD. From the perspective that CKD is closely related to the core pathogenesis of AD, namely "kidney deficiency, essence loss, and marrow reduction", genome-wide association study(GWAS) data was used, with the inverse variance weighting(IVW) method as the main approach to reveal the causal association between CKD and AD. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results. To further investigate the causal effects of CKD on AD, two different AD datasets were used as outcomes, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR) data was used as the exposure for a supplementary analysis. On this basis, the modern scientific mechanism of the kidney-tonifying and essence-replenishing method for improving AD was further explored. The IVW analysis show that CKD(ieu-b-2: OR=1.084, 95%CI[1.011, 1.163], P=0.024; ieu-b-5067: OR=1.001, 95%CI[1.000, 1.001], P=0.002) and UACR(ieu-b-2: OR=1.247, 95%CI[1.021, 1.522], P=0.031; ieu-b-5067: OR=1.001, 95%CI[1.000, 1.003], P=0.015) both have significant causal effects on AD in different datasets, with CKD increasing the risk of AD. The sensitivity analysis further confirmed the reliability of the results. Genetic studies have shown that CKD has a significant causal effect on AD, suggesting that controlling CKD is an important intervention measure for preventing and treating AD. Therefore, further research on CKD's role in AD is crucial in clinical practice. The research enriches the theoretical implication of "kidney-brain interaction", deepens the understanding of AD' etiology, and provides further insights and directions for the prevention and treatment of AD with TCM, specifically from a kidney-based perspective.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics* ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the head and neck, this article reports a case of a large adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skull base, with the lesion involving the sphenoid sinus, sphenoid bone wings, pterygopalatine fossa, nfratemporal fossa, hard palate, and other structures. The treatment plan consisted of surgical excision, primary reconstrction of the surgical defect,and postoperative radiotherapy, resulting in a favorable prognosis for the patient.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/surgery* ; Maxillary Sinus/surgery* ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/surgery* ; Palate, Hard/surgery* ; Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps

Objective:To summarized the clinical characteristics and surgical management of anterior cervical enterogenic in pediatric patients. Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 9 children with pathologically confirmed anterior cervical enterogenic cysts（including bronchogenic and esophagogenic subtypes） treated at the Children's Hospital of Shandong University（Jinan Children's Hospital） between January 1, 2020, and November 30, 2023. Results:Nine patients（6 males and 3 females） were involved in this study, aged 14 days to 10 years old. There were 4 cases on the left side, 4 on the right side, and 1 in the middle of the neck. All patients presented with neck masses. The patients were followed up from 3 months to 35 months after surgery and recovered well, with no recurrence or complications observed. Conclusion:①Anterior intestinal cysts in children are rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. ②Concurrent branchial cleft fistulas or associated anomalies may coexist, necessitating comprehensive evaluation. ③Preoperative diagnosis is not easy and mainly depends on pathological diagnosis. ④The treatment of anterior cervical enterogenic cysts in children is surgical resection of the lesion.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Neck ; Cysts/surgery*

Objective To explore the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)in the treatment of congenital pulmonary airway malformation(CPAM)or pulmonary isolation complicated with ipsilateral mediastinal bronchogenic cyst in children.Methods From July 2019 to July 2024,VATS was carried out to treat CPAM or pulmonary isolation with ipsilateral mediastinal bronchogenic cyst in 7 children.A three-hole thoracoscopic surgery via lateral thoracic approach was performed.The patients were placed in a healthy lateral position.The observation hole was located at the intersection of the subscapular line and the 5th intercostal space,and the operating hole was established according to the surgical requirements in combination with the lumboscopic diamond rule.A 5 mm trocar was used for all three holes.The pressure of CO2 pneumothorax was 4 mm Hg and the flow rate was 2 L/min,which was adjusted at any time according to the intraoperative conditions of the children.The operation was mainly designed for lung operation.The pulmonary operation was conducted firstly,and then the bronchogenic cyst was treated.If necessary,block resection was applied to avoid serious complications of trachea.Results All the operations were performed under thoracoscopy without conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 37-191 min(median,101 min).The intraoperative bleeding volume was 1-15 ml(median,5 ml).One case was not given a closed chest drainage tube placed,and the other 6 cases were placed a closed chest drainage for 1-5 d(median,3d).Postoperative pathology showed 5 cases of CPAM combined with bronchogenic cysts,including 4 cases of type 2(bronchiole type)and 1 case of type 3(bronchiole/alveolar type),and 2 cases of extralobular pulmonary isolation combined with bronchogenic cysts.All the 7 cases were followed up for 6-57 months(median,27 months),and chest CT showed no recurrence of lesions.Conclusions CPAM or pulmonary isolation may be accompanied by bronchogenic cysts.Preoperative imaging examination should correspond to surgical observation,and careful exploration should be conducted to avoid missed diagnosis.VATS is safe and feasible for treating CPAM or pulmonary isolation with ipsilateral mediastinal bronchogenic cysts.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfections among patients with newly diagnosed syphilis at a hospital in Nanjing. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with newly diagnosed syphilis at the STD Clinic, Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Nanjing, China from May 2023 to April 2024. Urethral, cervical or rectal swabs were collected according to the gender and types of sexual behavior of the patients. Screening tests for CT, NG and HPV infections were then performed by nucleic acid amplification testing. High-risk HPV testing was performed only in female patients. Univariate analysis was carried out to investigate risk factors associated with CT infection. The chi-square test, chi-square test with continuity correction, or Fisher's exact test was chosen based on the sample size and expected values.Results:A total of 111 newly diagnosed syphilis patients with test specimens were collected, including 71 males (64%) and 40 females (36%), and their ages ranged from 16 to 87 years; there were 82 patients with early syphilis and 29 with late latent syphilis; the number of sexual partners in the past 3 months ranged from 0 to 3. Among the 60 male patients with early syphilis, 1 (1.7%) was co-infected with NG, and 12 (20%) with CT; among the 16 men who have sex with men, 7 (43.8%) were co-infected with CT, while 5 (11.4%) of the 44 heterosexual patients were co-infected with CT, showing a significant difference in CT infection rates between the two groups ( χ2 = 5.80, P = 0.016). Among the 22 female patients with early syphilis, 1 (4.5%) was co-infected with NG, and 8 (36.4%) with CT; among the 12 female patients aged < 25 years, 8 (66.7%) were infected with CT, while none of the 7 patients aged 25-44 years or the 3 patients aged ≥ 45 years were infected with CT, showing a significant difference in CT infection rates among the 3 age groups ( P = 0.005) ; among the 16 female patients with 1 sexual partner in the past 3 months, 3 were infected with CT, while 5 were infected with CT in the 6 female patients with 2-3 sexual partners in the past 3 months, with a significant difference in CT infection rates between the two groups ( P = 0.011). Out of the 40 female patients with syphilis, 16 (40%) were co-infected with high-risk HPV; the HPV infection rates did not differ among different age groups (age groups of < 25 years, 25-44 years, ≥ 45 years: 8/14, 2/9, 6/17, respectively; P = 0.265) . Conclusion:The CT infection rate was relatively high in patients with newly diagnosed early syphilis, and a relatively high infection rate of high-risk HPV was observed in female patients with syphilis aged < 25 years.

Objective To construct and evaluate the prediction model of maternal mortality in Yunnan Province,and predict the maternal mortality rate in Yunnan Province from 2024 to 2030.Methods Based on the maternal mortality rates in Yunnan Province from 1994 to 2023,a grey prediction model and a autoregressive integrated moving average model were constructed,The models were compared using mean absolute error,mean square error and root mean square error to assess their fitting performance,and the optimal model was used to predict the maternal mortality rate in Yunnan Province from 2024 to 2030.Resuls The maternal mortality rate in Yunnan Province showed a continuous decline from 1994 to 2023(χ2=50 170.0,P<0.05).The mean absolute error,mean-square error and root mean-square error for the grey prediction model were 2.424,12.389,3.519,respectively,while for the differential autoregressive moving average model,they were 3.966,27.651,5.258,respectively.The prediction effect of the grey prediction model is superior to that of the autoregressive integrated moving average model,with a posterior difference ratio C=0.079 and a low probability error P=1,indicating a prediction accuracy of level 1.Using the grey prediction model,the maternal mortality rates for Yunnan Province from 2024 to 2030 are 10.05/100 000,9.16/100 000,8.34/100 000,7.59/100 000,691/100 000,6.30/100 000 and 5.73/100 000,respectively.Conclusion The grey prediction model has a good prediction effect on maternal mortality in Yunnan Province.It is predicted that the maternal mortality rate in Yunnan Province in 2030 can meet the control targets outlined in the"Healthy China 2030 Plan",the"Outline of Chinese Women's Development(2021-2030)"and the"Yunnan Women's Development Plan(2021-2030)".

Objective To explore the effect of rotenone exposure on the metabolic homeostasis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)in dopaminergic neurons of the rat mid-brain striatum,and investigate the effect of exogenous NAD+intervention on the cellular damage response of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone.Methods Male SD rats(8 weeks old,200～250 g)were divided into a control group using a table of random numbers,a rotenone exposure group,an NAD+-intervention group,and an NAD+group.An intoxication model was established in the rotenone exposure group.NAD+(250 mg/kg)was administered simultaneously with rotenone exposure in the NAD+-intervention group.The NAD+group was only given NAD+,while the control group received no intervention.After modeling,open field test was performed to evaluate behavioral changes.After scarification,serum samples and mid-brain striatal tissues were collected.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum.The NAD+content in the tissues was detected with NAD+/NADH kit.Western blotting was employed to determine the contents of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase(NAMPT),nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase(NMNAT),and solute carrier family 25 member A51(SLC25A51).ELISA was utilized to measure the content of dopamine in the striatal tissues.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to observe the distribution and contents of TH proteins in the striatal tissues of each group.Results Rotenone exposure significantly affected the vital signs and motor abilities of rats,induced disorderly-arranged,atrophy and deformed neurons in the striatal tissue,decreased the content of TH,rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis,by approximately 29%(P<0.01),the content of dopamine by about 42%,and that of NAD+by almost 50%(P<0.01),while increased the NADH/NAD+ratio(P<0.01).After exposure,the content of NAMPT,an enzyme related to NAD+synthesis,was decreased by 26%(P<0.05),the contents of NMNAT1-3 and SLC25A51,mitochondrial transporters of NAD+by approximately 21%,38%,43%,and 21%,respectively(P<0.01).Exogenous NAD+intervention improved the motor function of exposure rats and the morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain striatal tissue,and restored the content of TH in the striatal tissue significantly by 12.8%(P<0.05),and the content of dopamine by 20.9%(P<0.05).Conclusion Rotenone disrupts the NAD+homeostasis in dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting the NAD+synthesis and transport pathways in the mid-brain striatal tissues,while exogenous NAD+intervention can effectively alleviate the dopaminergic neuron damage induced by rotenone exposure.

Objective To explore the relationship between pathogenic microorganism types,age and season in 2 188 children with respiratory tract infections.Methods A total of 2 188 children with respiratory tract in-fections admitted to the Department of Pediatrics,962 Hospital,Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from June 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects.Targeted next generation sequencing(tNGS)tech-nology was used to detect 107 common pathogenic microorganism in children with respiratory tract infections,including Haemophilus influenzae,rhinovirus,Moraxella catarrhalis,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pneumoniae,human parainfluenza virus,human respiratory syncytial virus,etc.The re-spiratory tract infection situation and epidemiological characteristics of children in Harbin were analyzed.Re-sults Among 2 188 pediatric patients,98.5%(2 156/2 188)tested positive for pathogenic microorganism,with Haemophilus influenzae accounting for the highest proportion of 33.5%(732/2 188),followed by rhino-virus of 25.0%(547/2 188)and Moraxella catarrhalis of 24.8%(543/2 188).The positive rates of Hae-mophilus influenzae and human adenovirus in male children were higher than those in female children(P<0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences in the positive positive rates of other pathogenic microorganism between male and female children(P>0.05).Except for human adenovirus and influenza A virus,which showed no statistically significant differences in positive rates among different age groups(P>0.05),there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of other pathogenic microorganism a-mong different age groups(P<0.05).The positive rates of pathogenic microorganism in preschool children were relatively high.There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus in different seasons(P>0.05),while there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of other pathogenic microorganism in different seasons(P<0.05).The positive rates of Haemophilus influenzae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,human metapneumovirus,human parainfluenza virus and SARS-Cov-2 were the highest in summer(P<0.05).Conclusion 2 188 children with respiratory tract infec-tions were mainly caused by pathogenic microorganism such as Haemophilus influenzae,rhinovirus,and Moraxella catarrhalis,etc.Preschool children is a susceptible group,and the prevalence of pathogenic microor-ganism varies seasonally.In clinical practice,relevant prevention and control measures should be developed based on this characteristic to reduce the incidence of diseases.