Leptospirosis remains a major public health concern in tropical regions, including Malaysia, where it is endemic. To date, evidence from remote and understudied areas remains limited. This study aims to assess the epidemiological evidence of leptospirosis among market traders in Sabah, addressing the limited available data for this potentially high-risk occupational group in this region. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 295 market traders in Kudat Town, Sabah. Sociodemographic, occupational, environmental and behavioural data were collected using a modified validated questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected to test for Leptospira antibodies using the Microscopic Agglutination Test; a titre of 1:50 or higher was considered seropositive. Seroprevalence was estimated descriptively, while factors associated with leptospiral seropositivity were examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The seroprevalence of leptospirosis among market traders was 5.4% (95% CI: 3.1–8.7). Antibodies were detected against 11 Leptospira serovars/strains, mainly Lep175. In univariable analysis, predictors for seropositivity included trading frequency, rodent presence, and proximity to garbage piles. With only 16 cases, the initial multivariable model had a low EPV of 4, suggesting possible overfitting. After reducing the model (EPV = 8), proximity to garbage piles remained strongly associated (AOR = 52.61; 95% CI: 13.50–205.13; p < 0.001), while rodents at home also became significant (AOR = 5.70; 95% CI: 1.12–29.08; p = 0.037). This study provides the first empirical evidence of leptospirosis exposure among market traders in Sabah. Although the overall seroprevalence was low, the findings indicate a measurable risk and underscore the need for further large-scale studies and integrated One Health interventions to reduce exposure in this vulnerable population.

Aim(s): Assess late adulthood knowledge about psychological frailty, to measure the level of knowledge about psychological frailty, and to find out the correlation between knowledge with regard to their socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A descriptive study design carried out at technical institute-Suwaira in middle technical university. Included (100) of late adult’s staff to assess their knowledge about psychological frailty. Non-probability sample (convenience sample). The data collection was through the direct interview technique by researcher with each participant of staff lasted from 28th April 2022 to 15th August 2022. Questionnaire format contents part (1) Socio-demographic characteristics, also the questionnaire contain part (2) Knowledge about psychological frailty. The data analysis approaches were used in order to analyse and assess the results of the study under application of the Statistical Package (SPSS) ver. (25): frequency distributions, percent and chi-square. Results: The results of the study show that the majority of the study sample are (64%) of them were (49-56) years old, (61%) were male, the late adults are showing more than half assessment of knowledge is fair, showing fair level of knowledge about psychological frailty more than half (61%), and show high positive significant relationship between late adults’ knowledge about psychological frailty and age, gender, job title, life style and do exercise regularly. Conclusions and recommendations The study concluded that late adults show more than half assessment of knowledge is fair, more than half is fair level of knowledge about psychological frailty, and high positive significant relationship between late adults knowledge about psychological frailty and socio-demographic characteristics. The study recommend that need to developing educational program, lecture, courses and seminar about overall frailty and domains of frailty to increase knowledge of late adults that lead to change their lifestyle and go away the wrong behaviours and habits.