Objective: To analyze the prevalence status and clustering patterns of risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Rui' an City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a basis for formulating strategies for the prevention and control of chronic diseases and implementing risk factor interventions. Methods: A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select residents aged ≥18 years in 5 townships (sub-districts) of Rui' an City as survey subjects from December 2023 to March 2024. Data on basic information, history of major chronic diseases, lifestyle behaviors, height, weight, and blood biochemical indicators were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the prevalence status of 5 risk factors for chronic diseases. K-means clustering analysis was used to analyze clustering patterns. Results: A total of 3 060 people were surveyed, including 1 476 males, accounting for 48.24%, and 1 584 females, accounting for 51.76%. The median age was 49.00 (interquartile range, 25.00) years. There were 1 275 cases (41.67%) of hypertension, 462 cases (15.10%) of diabetes, and 1 460 cases (47.71%) of dyslipidemia. Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, excessive salt intake, overweight and obesity, excessive red meat intake, and smoking involved 2 201, 1 878, 1 541, 1 337, and 571 people, with prevalences of 71.93%, 61.37%, 50.36%, 43.69%, and 18.66%, respectively. K-means clustering analysis identified 4 clustering patterns: smoking-insufficient fruit and vegetable intake type (249 people, accounting for 8.20%), low intake type (1 421 people, accounting for 46.75%). high red meat type (245 people, accounting for 8.07%), and high BMI-high salt type (1 118 people, accounting for 36.96%). The prevalences of hypertension and diabetes were higher in adult residents of the high BMI-high salt type, at 56.53% and 20.30%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in adult residents of the smoking-insufficient fruit and vegetable intake type, at 59.44%. Conclusions The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake among adult residents in Rui' an City is relatively high. The clustering pattern of chronic disease risk factors is dominated by the low intake type. The prevalence of chronic diseases is higher in adult residents of the high BMI-high salt type and smoking-insufficient fruit and vegetable intake type. It is suggested to carry out health education and collaborative intervention of risk factors for different risk groups.

Objective:To observe the glycemic profiles and emotion management in diabetic patients after the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:A questionnaire survey was used to observe the blood glucose levels and metabolic indexes before and after the outbreak of COVID-19, and to detect emotion ratings after the outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of the study is to present the effects of the COVID-19 on glycemic and emotional management in diabetic patients.Results:A total of 136 patients were included in this survey. The average age of the patients was 62.5 years old, and the average duration of diabetes was 10.1 years. Glycemic profiles(fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, HbA 1C), lipid profiles(triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and body weight were not significantly different before and after the outbreak of COVID-19( P>0.05). According to emotional scales(scores of anxiety, depression, and sleep-related scales), 76.5% diabetic patients did not develop anxiety symptoms, 61.0%~69.9% diabetic patients did not have depressive symptoms and 52.0% diabetic patients did not have sleep disorder. 19.9% diabetic patients had mild anxiety symptoms, 25.7%~30.9% diabetic patients presented mild depression symptoms and 28.3% diabetic patients had mild sleep disorders. 2.9% diabetic patients had moderate anxiety, 2.2%~8.1% diabetic patients had moderate depression and 14.2% diabetic patients had moderate sleep disorder. Only a very small part of patients presented severe emotional symptoms including 0.7% patients with anxiety symptoms(GAD-7 15 points and above), 2.2% patients with depressive symptoms(PHQ9 and PHQ15 15 points and above)and 5.6% patients with sleep symptoms(PSQI 15 points and above). Compared with asymptomatic patients, neither patients with mild and moderate/severe depression and sleep disorder showed significant difference in HbA 1C, nor did patients with moderate/ severe anxiety symptoms. However, patients with mild anxiety symptoms showed significant lower HbA 1C than asymptomatic patients. Conclusion:After the outbreak of COVID-19, there was an increasing trend in blood glucose, but there was no statistical difference. Body weight, lipids profiles were not different in diabetic patients, either. Most of diabetic patients had mild symptoms of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders. Very few patients presented moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders.

PurposeSmall breast mass (diameter≤1 cm) is prone to misdiagnosis in clinic. This paper aims to evaluate a combined application of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) and ultrasound elastography (UE) on small breast mass (diameter≤1 cm).Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on 231 patients with a total of 258 small masses (the maximal diameter ≤1 cm). Ultrasound BI-RADS was used for classiifcation while UE was used to adjust the results. The results were further compared with those of postoperative pathology. The curve of ROC was employed to evaluate the combined use on small breast mass.ResultsAmong the 258 small masses, 178 (69.0%) were benign masses and the rest 80 (31.0%) were malignant. The small masses which were evaluated as BI-RADS grade 3, 4 and 5 before the operation had positive prediction value for malignant masses of 10.3% (17/165), 60.5% (46/76) and 100.0% (17/17), respectively. After adjustment with UE, the values changed to 5.3%(9/169), 75.0% (54/72) and 100.0% (17/17), respectively. After adjustment with the combination method, the area under ROC curve in BI-RADS classification was 0.904, which was signiifcantly higher than that (0.827) before the adjustment (Z=2.83,P<0.05). ConclusionFor small breast mass (diameter≤1 cm), mass of BI-RADS grade 3 has higher positive prediction value. But after adjustment with UE, the positive prediction value of mass of BI-RADS grade 3 tends to be lower, whilst that of mass of BI-RADS grade 4 increases, thus promoting the efficiency of ultrasound BI-RADS classification for small breast mass and contributing to the identiifcation of benign and malignant small breast masses.

Objective To evaluate the effect of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG-PSN) on peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA).Methods Forty-two patients with first onset of CA were randomly assigned to receive either injection of BCG-PSN (0.35 mg every other day for 3 months) after fulguration (combination group,26 patients),or fulguration only (fulguration group,16 patients).Venous blood samples were obtained from all the patients at the initial visit and three months after the beginning of treatment,as well as from 30 healthy checkup examinees.The percentage of peripheral Treg cells in CD4+ T lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry.The recurrence of CA was evaluated during the three months after the beginning of treatment.Results The percentage of peripheral Treg cells in CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in patients with CA than in the controls (8.31％ ± 1.24％ vs.5.15％ ± 0.72％,P ＜ 0.01),and in patients with clinical recurrence of CA than in those without (9.34％ ± 0.72％ vs.7.45％ ± 0.85％,P ＜ 0.01).The recurrence rate was significantly lower in the combination group than in the fulguration group (30.77％ vs.68.75％,P ＜ 0.05).After three months of treatment,the combination group showed lower percentage of Treg cells in CD4+ T cells compared with the fulguration group (5.87％ ± 1.05％ vs.6.60％ ± 0.75％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The percentage of Treg cells has a close relationship with the progression of CA,i.e.,the higher the percentage,the more frequent the relapse.BCG-PSN may enhance the antiviral immune response in patients with CA and improve their prognosis by reducing the number of Treg cells.

Objective　To study hydroquinone(HQ) induced mitochondrial oxidative injury in mice bone marrow cells in the presence of Cu 2+. Methods　In the presence of 1 μmol/L Cu 2+,bone marrow cells isolated from mice were treated with 0,10,20 and 40 μmol/L HQ for 30 min for the dose-effect study,or treated with the combination of 1 μmol/L Cu2+ and 20 μmol/L HQ for 0,30,60 and 120 min for time -course study.Cell death rate(CDR),reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial e nzyme activity(MEA) and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) were observed. Results　In the presence of 1 μmol/L Cu2+,the lowest dosage of HQ (10 μmol/L) and the shoytest exposure time(30 min,20 μmol/ L) caused increase of CDR(115% and 117% of control respectively) and ROS generat ion(374% and 541% of control respectively) as well as de crease of MEA(54% and 30% of control respectively) and MMP(67% and 71% of contro l respectively) in dose- and time-dependent manner(ROS:r=0.941,0.981;CDR: r=0.866,0.866;MEA:r=-0.842,-0.902,respectively).All data were statistica lly different when compared with the control(P<0.05).In addition,ROS appeare d to have a close relationship with CDR(r=0.943),MEA(r=-0.977) and M MP(r=-0.902). Conclusion　In the presence of 1 μmol/L Cu2+,H Q could definitely cause mitochondrial oxidative injury in mice bone marrow cell s.Mitochondrial oxidative injury induced by ROS generation might be one of impor tant pathways leading to cytotoxicity of HQ.

Objective　To study hydroquinone(HQ) induced mitochondrial oxidative injury in mice bone marrow cells in the presence of Cu 2+. Methods　In the presence of 1 μmol/L Cu 2+,bone marrow cells isolated from mice were treated with 0,10,20 and 40 μmol/L HQ for 30 min for the dose-effect study,or treated with the combination of 1 μmol/L Cu2+ and 20 μmol/L HQ for 0,30,60 and 120 min for time -course study.Cell death rate(CDR),reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial e nzyme activity(MEA) and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) were observed. Results　In the presence of 1 μmol/L Cu2+,the lowest dosage of HQ (10 μmol/L) and the shoytest exposure time(30 min,20 μmol/ L) caused increase of CDR(115% and 117% of control respectively) and ROS generat ion(374% and 541% of control respectively) as well as de crease of MEA(54% and 30% of control respectively) and MMP(67% and 71% of contro l respectively) in dose- and time-dependent manner(ROS:r=0.941,0.981;CDR: r=0.866,0.866;MEA:r=-0.842,-0.902,respectively).All data were statistica lly different when compared with the control(P<0.05).In addition,ROS appeare d to have a close relationship with CDR(r=0.943),MEA(r=-0.977) and M MP(r=-0.902). Conclusion　In the presence of 1 μmol/L Cu2+,H Q could definitely cause mitochondrial oxidative injury in mice bone marrow cell s.Mitochondrial oxidative injury induced by ROS generation might be one of impor tant pathways leading to cytotoxicity of HQ.