Malignant tumors in the head and neck seriously threaten the physical and mental health of patients. After treatment, they may cause many complications, such as facial deformity, difficulties with chewing, dysphagia and asaphia. Among them, trismus (restricted mouth opening) is one of the most common complications after treatment of malignant oral-maxillofacial tumors. In severe cases, patients may even suffer from trismus and eating difficulties, finally leading to malnutrition and even cachexia. Therefore, it not only affects the quality of life of patients and even endangers their lives but also brings heavy social and economic burdens. How to effectively prevent and treat posttreatment trismus is a clinical problem that is easily ignored by head and neck surgeons and urgently needs to be solved. The results of a literature review showed that trismus may be related to the tumor clinical stage, tumor site, treatment used, radiotherapy site, radiotherapy dose, radiotherapy type, and other factors. The incidence of trismus tends to be significant 6 months after treatment. Without early intervention, the resulting dysfunction may become more severe. Current studies have shown that the prevention and treatment of restricted mouth opening is based on controlling the progress of restricted mouth opening and restoring function. Exercise intervention for trismus can significantly improve the restricted mouth opening of patients with malignant head and neck tumors after treatment.

Objective To explore the impact of heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) on the development of lung cancer by promoting interleukin (IL)-10 expression.Methods 50 lung cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues selected from 50 patients,the expression level of mRNA and protein of HSF2 and IL-10 were respectively detected by RT-PCR,Western blot and Immunohistochemistry;To interfere with expression of HSF2 in A549 cells by siRNA,the expression level of IL-10 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the adjacent normal tissues,HSF2 of 76％ (38 of 50) cases were up-regulated (P＜0.01),IL-10 of 80％ (40 of 50) eases were up-regulated (P＜0.01),protein level consistent with mRNA level.The up-regulation expression of IL-10 in lung cancer tissues and HSF2 positively correlated (R2 =0.921 6).The expression of IL-10 in A549 cells was weakened through interference with HSF2 by siRNA.Conclusion HSF2 may contribute to the development of lung cancer by facilitating the expression of IL-10.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on cognitive function in rats following traumatic brain injury.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the HBO group,normobaric air therapy group and the sham surgical group,each consisting of 12 animals.Traumatic brain injury model was established by using Feeney's free falling in the animals of the HBO group and the normobaric air therapy group.The HBO group received HBO therapy every day and the normobaric air therapy group was left there in normal atmospheric air.The animals in the sham surgical group just exposed dura mater,but without free fall impact.Cognitive function was assessed by using Morris water maze.Dynamic changes in N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) levels in hippocampus and NAA/choline (NAA/Ch) levels were closely observed with H-MRS following treatment of traumatic brain injury with HBO,and real-time PCR was used to evaluate changes in the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampus.Results Seven days after HBO therapy,escape latency decreased [(35.1 ± 2.8) s] and number of times crossing the platform increased for the animals in the HBO group.Statistical significance could be noted,when they were compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group[(59.4 ±5.0) s;2.44 ±0.45] (P ＜0.05).NAA/Cr levels in the HBO group were significantly increased (1.18 ± 0.11) 7 days after HBO therapy,and statistical significance could also be seen,as compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group(0.85 ± 0.03) (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group (8 h:0.79 ± 0.07 ; 7 d:0.86 ± 0.08),NAA/Ch levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the HBO group (8 h:1.14 ± 0.10; 7 d:1.33 ± 0.17) displayed statistical significance at h 8 and d 7 (P＜0.05).The levels of NGF(3 d:1.27 ±0.03; 7 d:1.31 ±0.08)and BDNF mRNA for the HBO group (3 d:2.82 ±0.20; 7 d:1.07 ±0.08)and BDNF mRNA(3 d:2.82±0.20; 7 d:1.07 ±0.19)were increased at d 3 and d 7,as compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group(NGF 3 d:0.66 ±0.10,7 d:0.73 ±0.07); (BDNF 3 d:1.51 ±0.11; 7 d:0.65±0.09),with statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HBO therapy could promote cognitive function in rats with traumatic brain injury,the possible mechanism might be associated with the increases in NAA/Cr and NAA/Ch levels and the levels of NGF and BDNF mRNA in hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on cognitive function in rats following traumatic brain injury.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the HBO group,normobaric air therapy group and the sham surgical group,each consisting of 12 animals.Traumatic brain injury model was established by using Feeney's free falling in the animals of the HBO group and the normobaric air therapy group.The HBO group received HBO therapy every day and the normobaric air therapy group was left there in normal atmospheric air.The animals in the sham surgical group just exposed dura mater,but without free fall impact.Cognitive function was assessed by using Morris water maze.Dynamic changes in N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) levels in hippocampus and NAA/choline (NAA/Ch) levels were closely observed with H-MRS following treatment of traumatic brain injury with HBO,and real-time PCR was used to evaluate changes in the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampus.Results Seven days after HBO therapy,escape latency decreased [(35.1 ± 2.8) s] and number of times crossing the platform increased for the animals in the HBO group.Statistical significance could be noted,when they were compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group[(59.4 ±5.0) s;2.44 ±0.45] (P ＜0.05).NAA/Cr levels in the HBO group were significantly increased (1.18 ± 0.11) 7 days after HBO therapy,and statistical significance could also be seen,as compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group(0.85 ± 0.03) (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group (8 h:0.79 ± 0.07 ; 7 d:0.86 ± 0.08),NAA/Ch levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the HBO group (8 h:1.14 ± 0.10; 7 d:1.33 ± 0.17) displayed statistical significance at h 8 and d 7 (P＜0.05).The levels of NGF(3 d:1.27 ±0.03; 7 d:1.31 ±0.08)and BDNF mRNA for the HBO group (3 d:2.82 ±0.20; 7 d:1.07 ±0.08)and BDNF mRNA(3 d:2.82±0.20; 7 d:1.07 ±0.19)were increased at d 3 and d 7,as compared with those of the normobaric air therapy group(NGF 3 d:0.66 ±0.10,7 d:0.73 ±0.07); (BDNF 3 d:1.51 ±0.11; 7 d:0.65±0.09),with statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HBO therapy could promote cognitive function in rats with traumatic brain injury,the possible mechanism might be associated with the increases in NAA/Cr and NAA/Ch levels and the levels of NGF and BDNF mRNA in hippocampus.