Based on the theory of "sweet-flavored medicinals retaining and restoring body fluid"， this paper proposed that the core pathogenesis of hypercoagulable state in malignant tumors is qi deficiency and fluid consumption， blood stasis and vessels stagnation， which evolves dynamically according to the pattern "qi deficiency → fluid consumption → blood stasis". Accordingly， a staged treatment system is established with the general principle of "fortifying the middle jiao， restoring fluid and activating blood circulation". In the initial stage， invigorating the spleen and boosting qi to generate body fluid， targeting the onset of middle jiao deficiency and body fluid consumption； in the middle stage， nourishing yin and unblocking collaterals to facilitate body fluid circulation， addressing the disorder of body fluid transportation and collateral injury caused by internal dryness； in the late stage， consolidating yin and resolving blood stasis to retain body fluid， resolving yin impairment， fluid exhaustion， and binding of stasis and toxin. By regulating body fluid metabolism to improve the hypercoagulable state， this system is intended to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of hypercoagulable state in malignant tumors with traditional Chinese medicine.

To summarize the distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus(HPV) infection types in patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL) and cervical cancer(CC), and to explore the impact of HPV vaccination, HPV infection types, and general clinical data on different grades of cervical lesions.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on postoperative delirium (POD) in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 92 diabetic patients of either sex, aged 30-80 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=46 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (group C) and acupuncture group (group A). Group A received acupuncture at the Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24) and Sishencong (EX-HN1) acupoints before anesthesia. The needles were retained for 30 min, with manual stimulation applied every 10 min for 10 s each time. After 4 stimulations, routine anesthesia was carried out. Group C received routine anesthesia only. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was recorded on admission to the operating room (T 0), after anesthesia induction (T 1), at the start of surgery (T 2), at the end of surgery (T 3), and immediately after tracheal extubation (T 4). The POD developed within 3 days after surgery was assessed. The occurrence of needle-related adverse effects such as fainting, subcutaneous bleeding, and local paresthesia was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of POD was significantly reduced, and the regional cerebral oxygen saturation was increased at T 1, 4 in group A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Acupuncture can decrease the development of POD in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, which is related to an increase in regional cerebral oxygen saturation.

The infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a very widespread epidemic disease. Rodent models have played an important role in studying the pathogenesis and immune response of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as in developing drugs or vaccines for treatment and prevention. However, the accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and their rapid spread in the population have led to the emergence of mutant strains that evade host immune responses. The current SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may not be able to effectively control the spread of mutant strains, so the research and development of vaccines and drugs for the prevention and treatment of mutant strains will continue. Rodents are crucial to the study of virus etiology, transmission and pathogenesis, and have played an important role in the early development of related inactivated vaccines and antibodies.This review mainly summarizes the research progress of rodent models in SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron mutants.

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a clinical condition that lies between normal aging and dementia and can be considered as the initial stage of dementia development.Executive dysfunction is one of the core symptoms of dementia, the maintenance and improvement of executive function play a central role in delaying the onset of dementia.At present, many studies have shown that cognitive training can improve executive function in MCI patients, but there are few researches and no consensus on the underlying mechanisms.This paper provides a review of the effects of cognitive training on executive function in patients with MCI, explores the impact of executive function deficits and cognitive training on the behavioral and neural levels of executive function in patients with MCI, and points out the limitations of current MCI intervention strategies and potential development directions, with the aim of providing new insights into the intervention and treatment of MCI.

In 2025,the American Thyroid Association(ATA)divided the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC)into two separate guidelines for the first time.This review highlighted the imaging-related updates and compared them with the 2015 ATA guidelines.The 2025 ATA guidelines introduce the following key updates:① Clarifying recommendations for screening of familial non-medullary thyroid cancer,and proposing that thyroid ultrasound screening is not recommended before treatment for patients who will receive glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1 RA)therapy;② Refined the sonographic malignancy risk stratification system,enabling classification of all nodule types;③ Increasing size thresholds for fine-needle aspiration(FNA)and emphasized individualized decisions based on age,comorbidities and other factors;④ Follow-up intervals for nodules not meeting FNA criteria or with benign cytology have been adjusted,and clear ultrasound surveillance endpoints have been proposed;⑤ A standardized ultrasound protocol is established for active surveillance of cT1aN0M0 papillary thyroid cancer;⑥ Additional suspicious features,including abnormal blood flow in cervical lymph nodes,are introduced with quantitative evidence;⑦ Proposing dynamic risk stratification,adjusting follow-up intervals based on the patient's risk of residual lesion or disease recurrence and their response to treatment,and adding new endpoints for postoperative follow-up for low-risk DTC patients with sustained excellent response;⑧ Stressing the preoperative use of computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to evaluate distant metastasis,while no longer recommending them as routine imaging tools during follow-up;⑨ Defining indications for thermal ablation:benign nodules,low-risk microcarcinomas and recurrent or metastatic lesions.Guided by evidence-based medicine,the 2025 ATA guidelines promote the transformation of thyroid ultrasound towards"precision,minimal invasiveness,individualization",providing a new paradigm for the whole-process clinical management of thyroid diseases.

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a clinical condition that lies between normal aging and dementia and can be considered as the initial stage of dementia development.Executive dysfunction is one of the core symptoms of dementia, the maintenance and improvement of executive function play a central role in delaying the onset of dementia.At present, many studies have shown that cognitive training can improve executive function in MCI patients, but there are few researches and no consensus on the underlying mechanisms.This paper provides a review of the effects of cognitive training on executive function in patients with MCI, explores the impact of executive function deficits and cognitive training on the behavioral and neural levels of executive function in patients with MCI, and points out the limitations of current MCI intervention strategies and potential development directions, with the aim of providing new insights into the intervention and treatment of MCI.

In 2025,the American Thyroid Association(ATA)divided the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC)into two separate guidelines for the first time.This review highlighted the imaging-related updates and compared them with the 2015 ATA guidelines.The 2025 ATA guidelines introduce the following key updates:① Clarifying recommendations for screening of familial non-medullary thyroid cancer,and proposing that thyroid ultrasound screening is not recommended before treatment for patients who will receive glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1 RA)therapy;② Refined the sonographic malignancy risk stratification system,enabling classification of all nodule types;③ Increasing size thresholds for fine-needle aspiration(FNA)and emphasized individualized decisions based on age,comorbidities and other factors;④ Follow-up intervals for nodules not meeting FNA criteria or with benign cytology have been adjusted,and clear ultrasound surveillance endpoints have been proposed;⑤ A standardized ultrasound protocol is established for active surveillance of cT1aN0M0 papillary thyroid cancer;⑥ Additional suspicious features,including abnormal blood flow in cervical lymph nodes,are introduced with quantitative evidence;⑦ Proposing dynamic risk stratification,adjusting follow-up intervals based on the patient's risk of residual lesion or disease recurrence and their response to treatment,and adding new endpoints for postoperative follow-up for low-risk DTC patients with sustained excellent response;⑧ Stressing the preoperative use of computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to evaluate distant metastasis,while no longer recommending them as routine imaging tools during follow-up;⑨ Defining indications for thermal ablation:benign nodules,low-risk microcarcinomas and recurrent or metastatic lesions.Guided by evidence-based medicine,the 2025 ATA guidelines promote the transformation of thyroid ultrasound towards"precision,minimal invasiveness,individualization",providing a new paradigm for the whole-process clinical management of thyroid diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on postoperative delirium (POD) in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 92 diabetic patients of either sex, aged 30-80 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=46 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (group C) and acupuncture group (group A). Group A received acupuncture at the Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24) and Sishencong (EX-HN1) acupoints before anesthesia. The needles were retained for 30 min, with manual stimulation applied every 10 min for 10 s each time. After 4 stimulations, routine anesthesia was carried out. Group C received routine anesthesia only. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was recorded on admission to the operating room (T 0), after anesthesia induction (T 1), at the start of surgery (T 2), at the end of surgery (T 3), and immediately after tracheal extubation (T 4). The POD developed within 3 days after surgery was assessed. The occurrence of needle-related adverse effects such as fainting, subcutaneous bleeding, and local paresthesia was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of POD was significantly reduced, and the regional cerebral oxygen saturation was increased at T 1, 4 in group A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Acupuncture can decrease the development of POD in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, which is related to an increase in regional cerebral oxygen saturation.