Modern Chinese dental societies have been a crucial part of the progress of stomatology in China, serving as both witnesses and key drivers of its development. By reviewing historical materials related to these societies, this paper focuses on analyzing their establishment background, developmental stages, overall scale, and major activities. The findings reveal that dental societies exhibited regional, phased, professional, and academic characteristics. Furthermore, the study highlights their contributions to strengthening dental education, promoting standardization within the industry, facilitating academic exchanges, and advocating for the integration of oral and systemic health. This research enriches the study of modern Chinese stomatology history.

Obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are linked to numerous chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and type II diabetes. Previous research identified the natural flavonoid diosmin, derived from Chrysanthemum morifolium, as a regulator of glucose metabolism. However, its effects on lipid metabolism and underlying mechanisms remained unexplored. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway serves a critical function in glucose and lipid metabolism. The relationship between diosmin and the AMPK pathway has not been previously documented. This investigation examined diosmin's capacity to reduce lipid content through AMPK pathway activation in hepatoblastoma cell line G2 (HepG2) and 3T3-L1 cells. The study revealed that diosmin inhibits lipogenesis, indicating its potential as an anti-obesity agent in obese mice. Moreover, diosmin demonstrated effective MASLD alleviation in vivo. These findings suggest that diosmin may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and MASLD.
Diosmin/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/enzymology* ; Mice ; Obesity/enzymology* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Male ; 3T3-L1 Cells ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects* ; Chrysanthemum/chemistry* ; Lipogenesis/drug effects*

Objective:To compare the efficacy of Wnt3a factor and small molecule compound CHIR99021 in culturing colorectal cancer organoid, and to explore the feasibility of replacing Wnt3a with CHIR99021.Methods:The organoids were cultured using 2 culture systems containing Wnt3a or CHIR99021, based on the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 and rectal cancer tissue from one patient (surgical specimen from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University), including Wnt3a cell organoid, CHIR99021 cell organoid, Wnt3a tissue organoid, and CHIR99021 tissue organoid. The growth of organoids was observed under the optical microscope. The pathological characteristics of organoids and the rectal cancer tissue were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, which included cytokeratin(CK) 7, CK20, Ki-67, and stemness marker CD133. The expression of β-catenin (a key Wnt pathway protein) was analyzed by Western blotting (WB) method. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids were analyzed by drug susceptible test and GraphPad Prism 9.0 software. Independent sample- t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Under the optical microscope, the size of CHIR99021 cell organoid was relatively uniform, while the size of the Wnt3a cell organoid was uneven, compact and dense spherical structure was formed in both organoids. HE staining showed tumor features including increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and obvious nuclear atypia in the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids. The results of IHC staining showed that CK7 was negative, and CK20 and Ki-67 were positive in the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids. The results of WB method showed that the relative expression level of β-catenin of the CHIR99021 cell organoid was higher than that of the Wnt3a cell organoid (0.89±0.09 vs. 0.26±0.04), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=13.80, P<0.001). The results of drug susceptible test demonstrated that the IC50 value of the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoid was 10.91 and 14.55 μmol/L, respectively. Further IHC staining showed that CD133 was positive in the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids, with stronger intensity in the CHIR99021 cell organoid. The pathological characteristics of Wnt3a and CHIR99021 tissue organoid were consistent with those of the rectal cancer tissue of the patient, with all CK7 being negative and CK20 and Ki-67 being positive. Conclusions:Both Wnt3a and CHIR99021 can successfully establish colorectal cancer organoids with consistent pathological characteristics. The IC50 value of the CHIR99021 cell organoid is high, which is related to the increased stemness of organoids. The pathological characteristics of Wnt3a and CHIR99021 tissue organoid are consistent with those of the rectal cancer tissue from the patient.

Modern Chinese dental societies have been a crucial part of the progress of stomatology in China, serving as both witnesses and key drivers of its development. By reviewing historical materials related to these societies, this paper focuses on analyzing their establishment background, developmental stages, overall scale, and major activities. The findings reveal that dental societies exhibited regional, phased, professional, and academic characteristics. Furthermore, the study highlights their contributions to strengthening dental education, promoting standardization within the industry, facilitating academic exchanges, and advocating for the integration of oral and systemic health. This research enriches the study of modern Chinese stomatology history.

Megestrol acetate is widely used in clinical practice and offers benefits to patients. However, it carries potential adverse effects, such as hypoadrenocorticism, which is often overlooked due to its atypical clinical manifestations. This report describes two cases of megestrol acetate-induced hypoadrenocorticism. Through a review of relevant literature, the mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategies are summarized to enhance clinicians′ awareness of this potential complication.

Megestrol acetate is widely used in clinical practice and offers benefits to patients. However, it carries potential adverse effects, such as hypoadrenocorticism, which is often overlooked due to its atypical clinical manifestations. This report describes two cases of megestrol acetate-induced hypoadrenocorticism. Through a review of relevant literature, the mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategies are summarized to enhance clinicians′ awareness of this potential complication.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of Wnt3a factor and small molecule compound CHIR99021 in culturing colorectal cancer organoid, and to explore the feasibility of replacing Wnt3a with CHIR99021.Methods:The organoids were cultured using 2 culture systems containing Wnt3a or CHIR99021, based on the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 and rectal cancer tissue from one patient (surgical specimen from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University), including Wnt3a cell organoid, CHIR99021 cell organoid, Wnt3a tissue organoid, and CHIR99021 tissue organoid. The growth of organoids was observed under the optical microscope. The pathological characteristics of organoids and the rectal cancer tissue were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, which included cytokeratin(CK) 7, CK20, Ki-67, and stemness marker CD133. The expression of β-catenin (a key Wnt pathway protein) was analyzed by Western blotting (WB) method. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids were analyzed by drug susceptible test and GraphPad Prism 9.0 software. Independent sample- t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Under the optical microscope, the size of CHIR99021 cell organoid was relatively uniform, while the size of the Wnt3a cell organoid was uneven, compact and dense spherical structure was formed in both organoids. HE staining showed tumor features including increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and obvious nuclear atypia in the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids. The results of IHC staining showed that CK7 was negative, and CK20 and Ki-67 were positive in the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids. The results of WB method showed that the relative expression level of β-catenin of the CHIR99021 cell organoid was higher than that of the Wnt3a cell organoid (0.89±0.09 vs. 0.26±0.04), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=13.80, P<0.001). The results of drug susceptible test demonstrated that the IC50 value of the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoid was 10.91 and 14.55 μmol/L, respectively. Further IHC staining showed that CD133 was positive in the Wnt3a and CHIR99021 cell organoids, with stronger intensity in the CHIR99021 cell organoid. The pathological characteristics of Wnt3a and CHIR99021 tissue organoid were consistent with those of the rectal cancer tissue of the patient, with all CK7 being negative and CK20 and Ki-67 being positive. Conclusions:Both Wnt3a and CHIR99021 can successfully establish colorectal cancer organoids with consistent pathological characteristics. The IC50 value of the CHIR99021 cell organoid is high, which is related to the increased stemness of organoids. The pathological characteristics of Wnt3a and CHIR99021 tissue organoid are consistent with those of the rectal cancer tissue from the patient.

Objective To investigate the-75 G/A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of apolipoprotein A1 gene(apoA1)and its association with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)in pregnant women and to provide references for the exploration in the molecular genetic basis of GDM.Methods A total of 626 GDM patients and 1022 normal pregnant women,ie,the controls,were included in the study.The genotyping of apoA1-75 G/A polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)analysis.Total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glucose(Glu)were measured by enzymatic methods.Plasma insulin(INS)was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay.The protein levels of apoA1 and apoB were measured by the turbidimetric immunoassay.Results Allele frequencies of G and A were 0.718 and 0.282 in the GDM group and 0.713 and 0.287 in the control group,respectively.Distribution of the genotype frequencies was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both the GDM and control groups.There was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles G and A and the genotypes of apoA1-75 G/A polymorphism between the GDM and the control group(P>0.05).In the GDM group,the carriers with the genotype AA were associated with significantly higher levels of TC,HDL-C,and apoA1 than those with genotypes GG and GA did(all P<0.05).After the GDM patients were divided into obese and non-obese subgroups,the genotype-related apoA1 variation was observed only in obese patients,while the genotype-related TC and HDL-C variations were evident in non-obese patients(P<0.05).In the control group,carriers of genotypes AA and GA had higher systolic blood pressure(SBP)and HDL-C than the carriers of genotype GG did(all P<0.05).Carriers of genotypes AA had significantly lower Glu levels than carriers of genotypes GG and GA did(P<0.05).The control subjects were further divided into subgroups according to their body mass index(BMI).Analysis of the subgroups showed that AA carriers were associated with higher SBP levels in the obese control women only,while lower Glu levels were evident in both obese and non-obese control women.Conclusion These results suggest that-75 G/A polymorphism in the apoA1 gene is not associated with GDM.However,the genetic variation is closed associated with the plasma apoA1,HDL-C,and TC levels in GDM patients and plasma HDL-C,Glu,and SBP levels in the control subjects.The apoA1 variant-associated lipids and SBP variation is BMI dependent in both groups.

Background/Aims: The occurrence and development of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-onchronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is closely related to the immune pathway. We explored the heterogeneity of peripheral blood T cell subsets and the characteristics of exhausted T lymphocytes, in an attempt to identify potential therapeutic target molecules for immune dysfunction in ACLF patients. Methods: A total of 83,577 T cells from HBV-ACLF patients and healthy controls were screened for heterogeneity by single-cell RNA sequencing. In addition, exhausted T-lymphocyte subsets were screened to analyze their gene expression profiles, and their developmental trajectories were investigated. Subsequently, the expression of exhausted T cells and their capacity in secreting cytokines (interleukin 2, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α) were validated by flow cytometry. Results: A total of eight stable clusters were identified, among which CD4 + TIGIT + subset and CD8 + LAG-3 + subset, with high expression of exhaust genes, were significantly higher in the HBV-ACLF patients than in normal controls. As shown by pseudotime analysis, T cells experienced a transition from naïve T cells to effector T cells and then exhausted T cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that the CD4 + TIGIT + subset and CD8 + LAG-3 + subset in the peripheral blood of the ACLF patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. Moreover, in vitro cultured CD8 + LAG-3 + T cells were significantly fewer capable of secreting cytokines than CD8 + LAG-3- subset. Conclusions Peripheral blood T cells are heterogeneous in HBV-ACLF. The exhausted T cells markedly increase during the pathogenesis of ACLF, suggesting that T-cell exhaustion is involved in the immune dysfunction of HBV-ACLF patients.

OBJECTIVE To screen out the pharmacodynamic substances of Cistanches Herba aqueous extracts, explore the basis of the pharmacodynamic substances and their mechanism of action in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN), based on the spectral relationship between the mass spectral peak areas of different elution sites of Cistanches Herba aqueous extracts and their anti-DN effects. METHODS UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique was used to characterise the chromatographic peaks; MTT method was used to detect the effects of different elution sites of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract on the proliferation of high glucose and high fat HK-2 cells; grey correlation analysis and partial least squares method were used to analyse the spectral relationship between mass spectrometry peak area and anti-DN activity. MTT method was used to determine the anti-DN activities of the individual components of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract; biochemical kit and ELISA were used to determine the levels of oxidative indicators(SOD, GSH-P) and inflammatory factors(IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β); Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique speculated and identified 72 common compounds; In Cistanches Herba aqueous extracts, water, 20% ethanol, and 40% ethanol-eluted sites differentially increased the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells in a high-sugar, high-fat environment; Partial least squares and grey correlation analyses showed that the constituents of the aqueous extracts of Cistanches Herba with greater anti-DN contributions were 8-epideoxymatricinic acid, geniposidic acid, pinoresinol, betaine and syringin, et al. MTT assay reveals that 8-epi-deoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid had significant proliferative effects on HK-2 cells in a high glucose and high fat environment; Biochemical kit and ELISA showed that 8-epideoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid were able to up-regulate the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, and at the same time they had an inhibitory effect on the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β. Western blotting results showed that 8-epideoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid were able to down-regulate and up-regulate the markers of dermal mesenchymal transition: α-SMA, Collagen Ⅰ and E-cadherin, and they could exert anti-DN effects by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSION The two compounds, 8-epideoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid, which are screened by the spectroeffective relationship of anti-DN among the many chemical constituents contained in Cistanches Herba, can affect oxidative stress, inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of renal tubular cells by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and improve renal pathology, degree of fibrosis and renal function, which will be useful for the in-depth study of aqueous extracts of Cistanches Herba in the treatment of DN.