Although cancer immunotherapy has made great strides in the clinic, it is still hindered by the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway which can modulate TIME effectively has emerged as a promising therapeutic recently. However, the delivery of most STING agonists, specifically cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), is performed intratumorally due to their insufficient pharmacological properties, such as weak permeability across cell membranes and vulnerability to nuclease degradation. To expand the clinical applicability of CDNs, a novel pH-sensitive polycationic polymer-modified lipid nanoparticle (LNP-B) system was developed for intravenous delivery of CDNs. LNP-B significantly extended the circulation of CDNs and enhanced the accumulation of CDNs within the tumor, spleen, and tumor-draining lymph nodes compared with free CDNs thereby triggering the STING pathway of dendritic cells and repolarizing pro-tumor macrophages. These events subsequently gave rise to potent anti-tumor immune reactions and substantial inhibition of tumors in CT26 colon cancer-bearing mouse models. In addition, due to the acid-sensitive property of the polycationic polymer, the delivery system of LNP-B was more biocompatible and safer compared with lipid nanoparticles formulated with an indissociable cationic DOTAP (LNP-D). These findings suggest that LNP-B has great potential in the intravenous delivery of CDNs for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules on the balance of peripheral blood helper T lymphocyte 17 cell/regulatory T lymphocyte cell(Th17/Treg)and related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome.Methods Totally 40 COPD patients were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,with 20 cases in each group.Another 20 cases were in the healthy group.The control group was given tiotropium bromide powder inhalation,18 μg/time,1 time/d,inhalation;on the basis of the control group,the study group was given Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules,3 pills/time,3 times/d,orally.All patients were treated for 8 weeks.The healthy group was not given any intervention.Forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF),carbon monoxide diffusing capacity/alveolar ventilation(DLCO/VA),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),COPD assessment test(CAT)score,Th17/Treg ratio,cytokines interleukin(IL)-17,IL-22,IL-10,and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)were compared before and after treatment.Results Compared with before treatment,the lung function indexes(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,MMEF,DLCO/VA),blood gas indexes(PaO2,PaCO2)and CAT score in the study group after treatment were significantly improved(P<0.05).After treatment,the mean values of MMEF,DLCO/VA,PaCO2 and CAT score in the study group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the levels of Th17,IL-17 and IL-22 in the study group were significantly lower,and the levels of Treg,IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly higher(P<0.05).After treatment,there were significant differences in Th17,Treg,IL-17,IL-22,IL-10 and TGF-β1 among the three groups(P<0.01).Further pairwise comparison showed that Th17 ranked in the order of high and low was control group>study group>healthy group,Treg in the order of high and low was healthy group>study group>control group,the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in the order of high and low were control group>study group>healthy group,and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the order of high and low were healthy group>study group>control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules can improve the lung function,arterial blood gas and symptom score of patients with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome in stable stage of COPD.Its mechanism may be related to regulating the balance of Th17/Treg,down-regulating the levels of Th17,IL-17 and IL-22,and up-regulating the levels of Treg,IL-10 and TGF-β1,in order to reduce airway inflammation and regulate immune homeostasis.

Objective:To sum up the experience and improve the capability of clinical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid tuberculosis (TTB) .Methods:In Apr. 2020, the Second Department of General Surgery, Friendship Hospital of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, treated a patient with a huge thyroid cancer (TC), who had no history of tuberculosis. Thyroid cancer was considered for surgical treatment after the assessment by ultrasound and enhanced CT scan, yet the postoperative pathological diagnosis was thyroid tuberculosis. The clinical and pathological data of 357 cases of TTB reported in domestic literature were retrospectively analyzed by searching the relevant databases.Results:This reported case was diagnosed eventually with TTB by postoperative pathology, cured by operation, local and systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment. Among the 357 cases of TTB, there were 95 males and 262 females and the ratio of male to female was 1.0:2.8. Most patients had neck mass as the first symptom (95.5%, 256/268), and 53 patients (19.8%, 53/268) merged with tuberculosis poisoning symptoms. There were 59 cases (21%, 59/281) complicated with extra-thyroid tuberculosis. Among 51 cases, 37 cases (73%, 37/51) were diagnosed with TTB. Eighty cases (30%, 80/265) were suspected of TC before the operation.25 patients (8.5%, 25/294) received antituberculosis treatment, and 269 patients (91.5%, 269/294) received surgical treatment, among which 100 patients (37%, 100/269) underwent unilateral lobectomy. The caseation type was the most common pathology with 154 cases (57.9%, 154/266). Two patients died of TTB after an operation, and the remaining patients were followed up for 6 months to 33 years without recurrence.Conclusions:TTB often lacks typical clinical manifestations and is easily confused with TC. The diagnosis mainly relies on puncture pathological examination. Good results can be achieved with appropriate treatment based on a definite diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of hypnotherapy in patients with depression and their families. Methods One hundred and thirty-six cases of hospitalization or outpatient patients with depression were divided into the study group and the control group according to the order. The study group and the control group were treated with hypnosis therapy and venlafaxine, respectively. All patients were observed for 6 weeks. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were assessed for patients with depression and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and family assessment table (FAD) were assessed for thir families in the 0 and 6 weeks. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in the clinical efficacy (χ2=1.31,> 0.05) and the HAMD, HAMA scores in the 0 and 6 weeks ( >0.05) . There were significant differences between the 0 and 6 weeks within the two groups in the HAMD and HAMA scores ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the family members of two groups in the SCL-90 factor scores in the 0 and 6 weeks (>0.05) . There was no significant difference between the two groups in the FAD factor scores in the 0 and 6 weeks. There was significant difference between the 0 and 6 weeks within the two groups with emotional involvement, communication and FAD total scores ( <0.05). There were positiue correlations between the HAMA factor scores and FAD total scores ( <0.05) and between the HAMD factor scores and emotional involvement scores ( <0.05) . Conclusion There was equivalent efficacy between hypnotherapy and antidepressants in patients with depression. Hypnotherapy can effectively make the patient's depression and anxiety better and improve their family functions.