In recent years, China has been facing the dual challenges of declining fertility rates and births, with male reproductive health issues, especially the decline in semen quality, identified as a pivotal contributor to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence indicates that air pollutants, an increasingly severe environmental problem, can damage semen quality not only directly through their biological toxicity but also indirectly by disrupting the composition of microbial communities in the gut and semen, thereby dysregulating immune function, endocrine homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. The gut microbiota and semen microbiota, as important components of the human microecosystem, play crucial roles in maintaining reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the potential effects of air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), gut microbiota, and semen microbiota on semen quality. Specifically, it elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these factors and explored how they affect male fertility.

Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) impairs the therapeutic efficacy of various chemotherapeutics. Novel approaches, particularly the development of MDR reversal agents, are critically needed to address this challenge. This study demonstrates that tenacissoside I (TI), a compound isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn, traditionally used in clinical practice as an ethnic medicine for cancer treatment, exhibits significant MDR reversal effects in ABCB1-mediated MDR cancer cells. TI reversed the resistance of SW620/AD300 and KBV200 cells to doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PAC) by downregulating ABCB1 expression and reducing ABCB1 drug transport function. Mechanistically, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), whose expression correlates with poor prognosis and shows positive association with both ABCB1 and EGFR expressions in tumor tissues, was differentially expressed in TI-treated SW620/AD300 cells. SW620/AD300 and KBV200 cells exhibited elevated levels of EGFR asymmetric dimethylarginine (aDMA) and enhanced PRMT1-EGFR interaction compared to their parental cells. Moreover, TI-induced PRMT1 downregulation impaired PRMT1-mediated aDMA of EGFR, PRMT1-EGFR interaction, and EGFR downstream signaling in SW620/AD300 and KBV200 cells. These effects were significantly reversed by PRMT1 overexpression. Additionally, TI demonstrated resistance reversal to PAC in xenograft models without detectable toxicities. This study establishes TI's MDR reversal effect in ABCB1-mediated MDR human cancer cells through inhibition of PRMT1-mediated aDMA of EGFR, suggesting TI's potential as an MDR modulator for improving chemotherapy outcomes.
Humans ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects* ; Methylation/drug effects* ; Saponins/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics* ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology* ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Female ; Repressor Proteins

Objective:To develop fluorescent nanoprobes with aggregation-induced emission characteristics and to systematically evaluate their optical properties, biosafety, anti-tumor activity, and imaging capability, thereby assessing their potential for early precision diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer in mice.Methods:Control probes (PEG@TPD) were prepared by encapsulating ( E)-4-(2-(4′-(1-phenyl-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl)biphenyl-4-yl)vinyl)-4-(dicyanomethylene)-4 H-chromene (TPD) using 1,2-distearoyl- SN-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine- N-polyethylene glycol 2000-maleimide as the carrier. Fluorescent nanoprobes (GE11-PEG@TPD) were subsequently fabricated by surface modification with the targeting GE11 peptide. The morphology and particle size of the nanoprobes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The optical properties of the nanoprobes were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Mouse squamous carcinoma SCC-7 cells were randomly divided into six groups by the random number table method. The PBS, PEG@TPD, and GE11-PEG@TPD groups were not treated with light, while the PBS+L, PEG@TPD+L, and GE11-PEG@TPD+L groups were exposed to white light (25 W/cm 2, 10 min) at a nanoprobe concentration of 20 μg/ml (based on TPD concentration). Cell survival rate was assessed by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cellular uptake, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and cytotoxicity were evaluated using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The apoptosis rate was evaluated by cell apoptosis assay. Twelve 6-week-old female C3H/HeN mice were randomly divided into two groups: PEG@TPD-1 group and GE11-PEG@TPD-1 group, with 6 mice in each group. Subcutaneous oral cancer models were established by injecting SCC-7 cell suspensions into the dorsal region of mice in two groups. Each mouse was intravenously administered 200 μl of PEG@TPD or GE11-PEG@TPD solution (1 mg/ml, based on TPD concentration). Tumor boundaries and scope were visualized using a small animal in vivo imaging system. At the optimal imaging time point, three mice from each group were euthanized, and major organs and tumor tissues were collected to measure probe accumulation. Statistical comparisons between two groups were performed using independent samples t-tests, while one-way or two-way analysis of variance was applied for multiple group comparisons. Results:Both PEG@TPD and GE11-PEG@TPD exhibited a relatively regular sphere, with average particle sizes of (92.76±8.80 and 117.50±6.40) nm, respectively. PEG@TPD showed two obvious absorption peaks at 352 and 444 nm. GE11 peptide showed a polypeptide characteristic absorption peak at 280 nm, GE11-PEG@TPD showed three characteristic absorption peaks at 280, 352 and 444 nm. Under dark conditions, cell survival rate remained above 80% even at a concentration of 160 μg/ml. After light irradiation, cell survival rate in the PEG@TPD+L group at 20 and 40 μg/ml [(68.2±5.2)% and (48.6±7.1)%] were higher than those in the GE11-PEG@TPD+L group [(55.0±2.8)% and (30.0±9.2)%], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05, 0.01). At incubation time points of 2, 4, and 6 h, the relative fluorescence intensity of the GE11-PEG@TPD group (119.4±10.2, 192.9±14.2, and 234.1±4.8) were higher than those of the PEG@TPD group (98.6±7.5, 163.8±3.1, 204.6±11.2), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The relative fluorescence intensity of the PEG@TPD+L and GE11-PEG@TPD+L group (68.5±4.7 and 86.8±10.0) were higher than those in the PBS, PEG@TPD, GE11-PEG@TPD, and PBS+L groups (6.1±8.0, 7.6±1.8, 4.7±4.2 and 21.1±7.6), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.01). And the difference between the GE11-PEG@TPD+L and PEG@TPD+L groups was also statistically significant ( P<0.05). Viable cell proportions in the PBS, PEG@TPD, GE11-PEG@TPD, and PBS+L groups all exceeded 95.0%, while those in the PEG@TPD+L and GE11-PEG@TPD+L groups decreased to (11.1±3.7)% and (4.3±1.1)%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between them ( P<0.05). The apoptotic cell proportions in the PEG@TPD+L and GE11-PEG@TPD+L groups [(40.5±4.3)% and (55.3±7.4)%] were higher than those in the PBS, PEG@TPD, GE11-PEG@TPD, and PBS+L groups [(27.3±2.0)%, (28.2±1.9)%, (28.6±1.2)%, and (29.7±3.0)%], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05, 0.01). Moreover, the difference between the GE11-PEG@TPD+L and the PEG@TPD+L groups was also statistically significant ( P<0.01). The mean fluorescence intensities of the GE11-PEG@TPD-1 group at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 24 h, as well as in ex vivo tumor tissues[(5.2±0.8, 5.9±0.7, 6.6±1.0, 7.9±0.6, 7.8±0.7 and 20.6±3.5)×10 6 p/s/cm 2/sr] were all higher than those in the PEG@TPD-1 group [(3.2±0.7, 4.2±0.7, 4.6±0.9, 5.1±0.9, 4.7±0.9 and 14.2±1.8)×10 6 p/s/cm 2/sr], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusions:The fluorescent nanoprobes exhibit uniform particle size, high photostability, and good biocompatibility. They demonstrate significant tumor-killing effects at the cellular level and possess tumor-targeting capability in vivo, showing promising application potential for the early precision diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.

Objective To address the bottlenecks in the application of wastewater biological treatment technology under space conditions,an experimental system for the biological treatment of space wastewater was constructed and its biochemical performance examined.The findings of this study will provide technical support for the biological treatment of space wastewater.Methods Based on the Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor(MABR)process,a biological treatment experimental system for space wastewater was constructed and conducted the continuous flow test for 77 days to investigate the performance of PVDF and PP membrane modules in the treatment of simulated air condensate.Results The results demonstrated that both membrane modules exhibited an average TOC removal rate of 90%,indicative of their effective organic matter removal capacity.In the air supply mode,the ammonia oxidation capacity was observed to be comparatively lower,whereas in the oxygen source without bubbling mode,the nitrogen oxidation rate and total nitrogen removal rate could be attained above 90%,indicating a notable degree of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The results demonstrated that the mode of gas supply had a significant impact on the nitrogen conversion performance.The abundance of nitrogen-converting bacteria in PP membrane module is higher than that in PVDF membrane module,indicating a better nitrogen-converting performance in PP membrane module.Conclusion The constructed wastewater biological treatment system is optimally suited for the treatment of air condensate,thereby offering a novel technical approach for space wastewater treatment.

Objective In this study,the gas exchange performance and impact patterns of microalgae culture based on hollow fiber membrane technology were investigated for the culture of space microalgae.Methods The effects of parameters and conditions such as gas flow rate,membrane area and liquid flow rate on the CO2 fixation efficiency and fixation rate of hollow fiber membrane modules were studied,and the gas exchange performance of different parameters were compared by fitting formula.Results The gas flow rate and membrane area have a significant effect on the gas exchange performance of the module.With the increase of gas flow rate,the fixation rate of CO2 increases at first and then stabilizes,and the fixation efficiency of CO2 shows a continuous downward trend;with the increase of membrane area,the fixation rate and fixation efficiency of CO2 increase significantly,while the liquid flow rate has no significant effect on the gas exchange performance of the module.The highest CO2 fixation rate was 168.24 mg/(L·h)when the membrane area was 0.3m2 and the gas flow rate was 2.0 L/min.Conclusion The use of hollow fiber membrane technology can solve the problem of two-phase flow management in the gas exchange between algae culture and atmosphere,which has a better effect on gas exchange,and can provide reference for the design of gas exchange module of space microalgae photobioreactor.

Objective: This study investigates the potential of radiomics to predict postoperative progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after posterior cervical spine surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 473 patients diagnosed with OPLL at Peking University Third Hospital between October 2006 and September 2022. Patients underwent posterior spinal surgery and had at least 2 computed tomography (CT) examinations spaced at least 1 year apart. OPLL progression was defined as an annual growth rate exceeding 7.5%. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative CT images of the OPLL lesions, followed by feature selection using correlation coefficient analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis. Univariable analysis identified significant clinical variables for constructing the clinical model. Logistic regression models, including the Rad-score model, clinical model, and combined model, were developed to predict OPLL progression. Results: Of the 473 patients, 191 (40.4%) experienced OPLL progression. On the testing set, the combined model, which incorporated the Rad-score and clinical variables (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.751), outperformed both the radiomics-only model (AUC = 0.693) and the clinical model (AUC = 0.620). Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes, and decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the combined model. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis indicated that the Rad-score and age were key contributors to the model’s predictions, enhancing clinical interpretability. Conclusion Radiomics, combined with clinical variables, provides a valuable predictive tool for assessing the risk of postoperative progression in cervical OPLL, supporting more personalized treatment strategies. Prospective, multicenter validation is needed to confirm the utility of the model in broader clinical settings.

Objective: This study investigates the potential of radiomics to predict postoperative progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after posterior cervical spine surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 473 patients diagnosed with OPLL at Peking University Third Hospital between October 2006 and September 2022. Patients underwent posterior spinal surgery and had at least 2 computed tomography (CT) examinations spaced at least 1 year apart. OPLL progression was defined as an annual growth rate exceeding 7.5%. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative CT images of the OPLL lesions, followed by feature selection using correlation coefficient analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis. Univariable analysis identified significant clinical variables for constructing the clinical model. Logistic regression models, including the Rad-score model, clinical model, and combined model, were developed to predict OPLL progression. Results: Of the 473 patients, 191 (40.4%) experienced OPLL progression. On the testing set, the combined model, which incorporated the Rad-score and clinical variables (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.751), outperformed both the radiomics-only model (AUC = 0.693) and the clinical model (AUC = 0.620). Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes, and decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the combined model. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis indicated that the Rad-score and age were key contributors to the model’s predictions, enhancing clinical interpretability. Conclusion Radiomics, combined with clinical variables, provides a valuable predictive tool for assessing the risk of postoperative progression in cervical OPLL, supporting more personalized treatment strategies. Prospective, multicenter validation is needed to confirm the utility of the model in broader clinical settings.

Objective: This study investigates the potential of radiomics to predict postoperative progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after posterior cervical spine surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 473 patients diagnosed with OPLL at Peking University Third Hospital between October 2006 and September 2022. Patients underwent posterior spinal surgery and had at least 2 computed tomography (CT) examinations spaced at least 1 year apart. OPLL progression was defined as an annual growth rate exceeding 7.5%. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative CT images of the OPLL lesions, followed by feature selection using correlation coefficient analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis. Univariable analysis identified significant clinical variables for constructing the clinical model. Logistic regression models, including the Rad-score model, clinical model, and combined model, were developed to predict OPLL progression. Results: Of the 473 patients, 191 (40.4%) experienced OPLL progression. On the testing set, the combined model, which incorporated the Rad-score and clinical variables (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.751), outperformed both the radiomics-only model (AUC = 0.693) and the clinical model (AUC = 0.620). Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes, and decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the combined model. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis indicated that the Rad-score and age were key contributors to the model’s predictions, enhancing clinical interpretability. Conclusion Radiomics, combined with clinical variables, provides a valuable predictive tool for assessing the risk of postoperative progression in cervical OPLL, supporting more personalized treatment strategies. Prospective, multicenter validation is needed to confirm the utility of the model in broader clinical settings.

Objective: This study investigates the potential of radiomics to predict postoperative progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after posterior cervical spine surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 473 patients diagnosed with OPLL at Peking University Third Hospital between October 2006 and September 2022. Patients underwent posterior spinal surgery and had at least 2 computed tomography (CT) examinations spaced at least 1 year apart. OPLL progression was defined as an annual growth rate exceeding 7.5%. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative CT images of the OPLL lesions, followed by feature selection using correlation coefficient analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis. Univariable analysis identified significant clinical variables for constructing the clinical model. Logistic regression models, including the Rad-score model, clinical model, and combined model, were developed to predict OPLL progression. Results: Of the 473 patients, 191 (40.4%) experienced OPLL progression. On the testing set, the combined model, which incorporated the Rad-score and clinical variables (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.751), outperformed both the radiomics-only model (AUC = 0.693) and the clinical model (AUC = 0.620). Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes, and decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the combined model. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis indicated that the Rad-score and age were key contributors to the model’s predictions, enhancing clinical interpretability. Conclusion Radiomics, combined with clinical variables, provides a valuable predictive tool for assessing the risk of postoperative progression in cervical OPLL, supporting more personalized treatment strategies. Prospective, multicenter validation is needed to confirm the utility of the model in broader clinical settings.

Objective To investigate the effects of Esketamine(S-KET)on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of liver cancer cells.Methods Hep G2 liver cancer cells were separated into Control group,low,medium,and high concentration treatment groups(S-KET-L,S-KET-M,S-KET-H groups),and high concentration treatment group(S-KET-H+LiCl group);Edu was applied to detect cell proliferation;scratch experiment was applied to detect cell migration;Transwell experiment was applied to detect cell invasion.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of nuclear proliferation antigen markers(Ki-67),Cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9),Wnt1,and β-catenin proteins;nude mouse transplanted tumor was applied to detect the effect of Esketamine on the growth of liver cancer transplanted tumors;immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin proteins.Results Compared with the Control group,the Edu positive rate,Ki-67,Cyclin D1,scratch healing rate,number of cell invasions,the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9,Wnt1,and β-catenin proteins in Hep G2 cells in the S-KET-L,S-KET-M,and S-KET-H groups were obviously reduced(P＜0.05);compared with the S-KET-H group,the Edu positive rate,Ki-67,Cyclin D1,scratch healing rate,number of cell invasions,the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9,Wnt1,and β-catenin proteins in Hep G2 cells in Hep G2 cells in the S-KET-H+LiCl group were significantly increased(P＜0.05);the results of nude mouse tumor transplantation experiment showed that compared with the Control group,the S-KET group mice showed slow tumor growth,reduced tumor mass and volume,and significantly reduced expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin proteins(P＜0.05).Conclusion Esketamine can inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of liver cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.