Objective: To analyze the structural changes in whole blood and apheresis platelet donations in Chinese Society of Blood Transfusion (CSBT) sentinel units from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for donor recruitment and blood service management. Methods: Aggregated data reported by sentinel sites were collected and stratified according to six indicators: age, sex, donation history, donation volume, donation site, and organization mode. Pearson χ test, Cramer′V coefficient, Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 16 256 973 whole blood donations and 1 576 546 apheresis platelet donations were included. Among whole-blood donations, the proportion of donors aged 18-22 years decreased from 27.30% to 10.60%. The proportion of male donors increased from 58.81% to 63.13%; the proportion of people aged 30 and above increased from 58.40% to 75.30%; the proportion of fixed locations rose from 28.37% to 36.57%; the proportion of social groups increased from 21.69% to 39.69%. The 400-mL donations decreased from 62.12% to 53.46%, while individually initiated voluntary donations remained above 50%. Apheresis platelet donations were predominantly from males, individuals aged 30-39 years, and repeat donors; 2-treatment-unit apheresis platelet donations increased from 67.19% to 74.93%, and individually initiated donations accounted for 92.97%-96.02%. Statistically significant overall annual compositional differences were observed for all six indicators (all P<0.001), whereas linear trends for some sub-categories were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the participating CSBT sentinel units, among whole blood donations, the proportions of donors aged 18-22 years, university-organized group donations, and donations at blood mobiles decreased, whereas the proportions of organizational group donations and donations at fixed venues increased. The apheresis platelet donation cohort is relatively mature and is evolving toward a high-efficiency donation model. Individual voluntary donation remains the primary organization mode for both donation types. Strategies such as youth donor recruitment, optimized layout of fixed donation sites, and retention of repeat donors should be strengthened to improve the resilience of blood supply.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shugan Lipi Prescription on patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type from the perspective of bile acid-intestinal flora axis imbalance.Methods From May 2022 to May 2023,a total of 122 patients with IBS-D of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type admitted to the Xi'an No.9 Hospital were enrolled into the investigation.The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group by random number table method,with 61 patients in each group.The control group was given conventional western medicine treatment with oral administration of Dicetel plus Compound Diphenoxylate Tablets and Bifidobacterium Quadruple Viable Tablets,and the observation group was treated with Shugan Lipi Prescription on the basis of treatment for the control group.One course of treatment covered seven days,and both groups were treated for four courses in total.The changes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Scale(IBS-SSS)score,levels of serum bile acid and the fecal levels of intestinal flora such as Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,and Enterococcus in the two groups of patients before and after treatment were observed.Moreover,the clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment of the two groups were compared.Results(1)After four courses of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 96.72%(59/61)and that of the control group was 83.61%(51/61),and the intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the scores of IBS-SSS items such as abdominal pain,abdominal pain duration,abdominal distension,defecation satisfaction and life interference in the two groups were all decreased when compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(3)After treatment,the levels of serum taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA),taurocholic acid(TCA)and taurolithocholic acid(TLCA)in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(4)After treatment,the fecal level of Enterococcus,a kind of pathogenic bacterium,in both groups was decreased when compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),and the fecal levels of probiotics of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in both groups were increased when compared with those before treatment(P<0.05).The effects on the decrease of fecal Enterococcus level and on the increase of fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus levels in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).(5)The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 8.20%(5/61)and that in the control group was 6.55%(4/61),and the intergroup comparison showed that the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Shugan Lipi Prescription exerts certain therapeutic effect for IBS-D patients of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type,and is with higher safety.Its therapeutic mechanism may be related to the restoration of the function of bile acid-intestinal flora axis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of artificial liver support therapy with an Evanure-4A selective membrane plasma separator and its influence on platelet count in the treatment of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)patients with different platelet counts.Methods A total of 302 patients with ACLF who were hospitalized in Department of Hepatology,Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center,from January 2021 to May 2023,were enrolled,and according to the platelet count(PLT),they were divided into group A(25×109/L—50×109/L)with 101 patients,group B(51×109/L—80×109/L)with 98 patients,and group C(81×109/L—100×109/L)with 103 patients.In addition to medical treatment,all patients received different modes of artificial liver support therapy based on their conditions,including plasma perfusion combined with plasma exchange,double plasma molecular adsorption combined with plasma exchange,and bilirubin system adsorption combined with plasma exchange.The paired t-test was used for comparison of continuous data before and after treatment in each group;an analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups,and the SNK-q test was used for further comparison between two groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between multiple groups.Results Of all 302 patients,268(88.74%)achieved varying degrees of improvement in clinical symptoms after artificial liver support therapy.After treatment,all three groups had varying degrees of reductions in alanine aminotransferase(t=14.755,21.614,and 15.965,all P＜0.001),aspartate aminotransferase(t=11.491,19.301,and 13.919,all P＜0.001),total bilirubin(t=19.182,17.486,and 21.75,all P＜0.001),and international normalized ratio(INR)(t=3.497,3.327,and 4.358,all P＜0.05).After artificial liver support therapy with an Evanure-4A selective membrane plasma separator,PLT in group A decreased from(37.73±6.27)×109/L before treatment to(36.59±7.96)×109/L after treatment,PLT in group B decreased from(66.97±7.64)×109/L before treatment to(62.59±7.37)×109/L after treatment,and PLT in group C decreased from(93.82±5.38)×109/L before treatment to(85.99±12.49)×109/L after treatment;groups B and C had significant reductions in PLT after treatment(t=12.993 and 8.240,both P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference in group A(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions during artificial liver support therapy between the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Artificial liver support therapy can improve liver function and INR in patients with ACLF.The use of Evaure-4A selective membrane plasma separator during artificial liver support therapy has little influence on platelets,and it is safe in the treatment of ACLF patients with a significantly lower level of platelets.

Objective:Glucorticoid therapy has the potential to mitigate immunogical effect of naxitamab. Ketamine is an anesthetic medica-tion and cause weak or shallow breathing. This article is to analyze the effect of modified conditioning regimen with substitution re-mifentanil for ketamine and without glucorticoid therapy on adverse events associated with naxitamab. Methods:Clinical data with naxit-amab infusion under modified conditioning regimen in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between June 2023 and June 2024 were re-trieved to analyze adverse events and risk factors. Results:Overall,seventeen patients underwent 201 infusions. The most frequent adverse events were as follows:neurological pain (all grades) 93.0％,hypertension 55.7％,hypotension 34.8％,respectively. Bronchospasm and hyp-oxia were seen in 3.0％ and 10.9％ infusions,respectively. Fever occurred less frequently in the second cycle of infusion. No patients suspen-ded infusion due to severe adverse event. Conclusions:The infusion of naxitamab is tolerable under the modified conditioning regimen and adverse event is less than expected and controllable.

Objective:Glucorticoid therapy has the potential to mitigate immunogical effect of naxitamab. Ketamine is an anesthetic medica-tion and cause weak or shallow breathing. This article is to analyze the effect of modified conditioning regimen with substitution re-mifentanil for ketamine and without glucorticoid therapy on adverse events associated with naxitamab. Methods:Clinical data with naxit-amab infusion under modified conditioning regimen in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between June 2023 and June 2024 were re-trieved to analyze adverse events and risk factors. Results:Overall,seventeen patients underwent 201 infusions. The most frequent adverse events were as follows:neurological pain (all grades) 93.0％,hypertension 55.7％,hypotension 34.8％,respectively. Bronchospasm and hyp-oxia were seen in 3.0％ and 10.9％ infusions,respectively. Fever occurred less frequently in the second cycle of infusion. No patients suspen-ded infusion due to severe adverse event. Conclusions:The infusion of naxitamab is tolerable under the modified conditioning regimen and adverse event is less than expected and controllable.

Objective:To investigate the changes of intestinal microecology in the early stage of sepsis rat model by 16S rDNA sequencing.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group and sham operation group (Sham group), with 30 rats in each group. In the CLP group, sepsis rat model was reproduced by CLP method; the rats in the Sham group only underwent laparotomy without CLP. At 24 hours after the operation, the intestinal feces and serum samples of 8 rats in each group were collected. The survival rate of the rest rats was observed until the 7th day. The level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intestinal feces were sequenced by 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) data obtained after sequence comparison and clustering was used for α diversity and β diversity analysis, principal coordinate analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis (LEfSe) to observe the changes of intestinal microecology in early sepsis rats and excavate the marker flora.Results:At 24 hours after the reproduction of the model, the rats in the CLP group showed shortness of breath, scattered hair and other manifestations, and the level of serum TNF-α increased significantly as compared with that in the Sham group (ng/L: 43.95±9.05 vs. 11.08±3.27, P < 0.01). On the 7th day after modeling, the cumulative survival rate of the Sham group was 100%, while that of the CLP group was 31.82%. Diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in α diversity parameter between the Sham group and the CLP group (number of species: 520.00±52.15 vs. 492.25±86.61, Chao1 richness estimator: 707.25±65.69 vs. 668.93±96.50, Shannon index: 5.74±0.42 vs. 5.79±0.91, Simpson index: 0.93±0.03 vs. 0.94±0.05, all P > 0.05). However, the β diversity analysis showed that the difference between groups was greater than that within groups whether weighted according to OTU or not (abundance weighted matrix: R = 0.23, P = 0.04; abundance unweighted matrix: R = 0.32, P = 0.01). At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Candidatus_sacchari in the CLP group increased significantly as compared with the Sham group [18.100% (15.271%, 26.665%) vs. 6.974% (2.854%, 9.764%), 0.125% (0.027%, 0.159%)% vs. 0.018% (0.008%, 0.021%), both P < 0.05]. At the genus level, the abundance of opportunistic pathogen including Helicobacter, Ruthenium, Streptococcus, Clostridium ⅩⅧ in the CLP group was significantly higher than that in the Sham group [5.090% (1.812%, 6.598%) vs. 0.083% (0.034%, 0.198%), 0.244% (0.116%, 0.330%) vs. 0.016% (0.008%, 0.029%), 0.006% (0.003%, 0.010%) vs. 0.001% (0%, 0.003%), 0.094% (0.035%, 0.430%) vs. 0.007% (0.003%, 0.030%), all P < 0.05], and the abundance of probiotics such as Alloprevotella and Romboustia was significantly lower than that in the Sham group [7.345% (3.662%, 11.546%) vs. 22.504% (14.403%, 26.928%), 0.113% (0.047%, 0.196%) vs. 1.229% (0.809%, 2.29%), both P < 0.01]. LEfSe analysis showed that the probiotics belonging to Firmicutes were significantly enriched in the Sham group, and Romboustia was the most significantly enriched species. Opportunistic pathogens such as Helicobacter, Streptococcus and Clostridium ⅩⅧ were significantly enriched in the CLP group, Helicobacter_NGSU_ 2015 was the most significantly enriched species. Conclusion:In the early stage of sepsis, the intestinal microbiota structure of rats is significantly changed, which mainly shows that the abundance of Alloprevotella and other probiotics is significantly reduced, while that of Helicobacter and other opportunistic pathogens is significantly increased.

Objective:To develop a prototype artificial intelligence image recognition system for detecting dental caries, especially those without cavities, in children.Methods:Seven hundred and twelve intraoral photos, which were taken by dental professionals using a digital camera from October 2013 to June 2020 in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, were collected from the children who received dental treatment under general anesthesia. The well-documented post-treatment electronic dental record of each child was identified as label standard to determine whether the teeth were carious and the type of caries types such as caries that had become cavities (caries with cavities), pit and fissure caries that had not become cavities (pit and fissure caries) and proximal caries which the marginal ridge enamel had not been destroyed (proximal caries). The various teeth and caries types were labeled by pediatric dentists using VoTT software (Windows 2.1.0, Microsoft, U S A). There were five labeled groups: pit and fissure caries, approximal caries, non-carious approximal surfaces, caries with cavities and teeth without caries (including intact fillings). Each group was randomly divided into training dataset, validation dataset and test dataset at a ratio of 6.4∶1.6∶2.0 by using random number table. After using the labeled training dataset for deep learning training, a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) image recognition system for detecting dental caries was established, with the caries probability greater than 50.0% as the criterion for determining caries. Sensitivity and accuracy were used as indicators of recognition specificity.Results:Seven hundred and twelve single-jaw intraoral photographs were segmented and annotated into 953 pit and fissure caries, 1 002 approximal caries, 3 008 caries with cavities, 3 189 teeth without caries and 862 non-carious approximal surfaces, totaly 9 014 labels. The sensitivities and specificities of the test set were 96.0% and 97.0% for caries with cavities, 95.8% and 99.0% for pit and fissure caries and 88.1% and 97.1% for approximal caries.Conclusions:The current AI system developed based on deep learning of the intra-oral photos in the present study showed the ability to detect dental caries. Furthermore, the AI system could accurately verify different types of dental caries such as caries with cavities, pit and fissure caries and proximal caries.

Objective: To establish a real-time fluorescence recombinase acid amplification (RAA) method for the detection of adenovirus type 3(HAdV-3)without extraction nucleic acid. Methods: According to the conserved sequence of adenovirus type 3 gene, a pair of primers and a probe were designed, and a real-time fluorescence RAA without extracting nucleic acid was established and optimizing the condition of DNA-free extraction. The sensitivity of the method was analyzed by a series of dilution and the specificity of the method was evaluated by detecting the original samples of other respiratory viruses. The clinical samples of HAdV-3 were detected and compared with the traditional real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for nucleic acid extraction. Results: The sensitivity of the real-time fluorescence RAA method was as high as that of qPCR in the detection of 10 series diluted HAdV-3 strains. The highest corresponding CT value of qPCR was 36.87. The sensitivity of the real-time fluorescence RAA method was similar to that of the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method . There was no cross-reaction to other common types of respiratory viruses. The two method were used to detect 56 clinical samples at the same time, and the result were completely consistent. Conclusions We provide the first report of the real-time fluorescent RAA assays for the detection of HAdV-3 without extracting nucleic acid and it has high sensitivity and specificity. Is suitable for rapid detection of HAdV-3 in clinical laboratories and on-site unite.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Resection of the diseased segment and suture of the victim segment is recommended for enteroenteric fistula in Crohn's disease (CD). The main difficulty in this procedure remains reliable diagnosis of the victim segment, especially for fistulas found intraoperatively and inaccessible on endoscopic examination. We aimed to explore whether intraoperative inspection alone is reliable. METHODS: Patients undergoing conservative surgery between 2011 and 2016 for enteroenteric fistulas complicating CD were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were divided according to whether the victim segment was evaluated by preoperative endoscopy + intraoperative inspection (PI group) or by intraoperative inspection alone (I group). Outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Of 65 patients eligible for the study, 37 were in in the PI group and 28 were in the I group. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, except for the rate of emergency surgery (0/37 in PI group vs. 5/28 in I group, P=0.012). Fistulas involved more small intestines (4/37 in PI group vs. 15/28 in I group, P < 0.001) and fewer sigmoid colons (17/37 in PI group vs. 4/28 in I group, P=0.008) in I group due to accessibility with endoscopy. No difference was found in postoperative complications, stoma rates, postoperative recurrence, or disease at the repair site between the 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For fistulas found intraoperatively and inaccessible on endoscopic examination, intraoperative inspection was a reliable guide when choosing between en bloc resection and a conservative procedure.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Crohn Disease* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sutures

Objective: To investigate the effect of exenatide on body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, insulin resistance and the degree of fatty liver in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Meth-ods: Totally 70 young and middle-aged patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and NAFLD were chosen and randomly divided into observation group and the control group with 35 cases in each group. The patients were treated with exenatide or isophane prota-mine biosynthetic human insulin injection for 3 months on the basis of original oral hypoglycemic drugs. The body weight, BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), blood lipids, liver function indices (ALT, AST and GGT), and the severity of fatty liver were compared before and after the treatment. Re-sults: After the 3-month treatment, there was no significant difference in glycemic control between observation group and the control group. After treatment, the body weight, BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, TG, ALT, AST and GGT in observation were signifi-cantly decreased than those before the treatment(P<0. 05), and were superion to those in control group(P<0. 05). While in the control group, all the above indices were not significantly changed before and after the treatment (P>0. 05). The total efficiency for treating NAFLD in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Besides reducing blood glucose effectively, exenatide can also obviously reduce body weight and TG level, improve insulin resistance, decrease liver en-zymes, and significantly ameliorate the degree of fatty liver. The results suggested that exenatide might be a new therapeutic option for young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.