Congenital blood group chimerism refers to the coexistence of two or more distinct blood types within an individual, resulting from the presence of hematopoietic cell populations with different genotypes. Consequently, red blood cells in such individuals may express different blood group antigens. Based on the timing and mechanism of formation, blood group chimerism can be classified as either congenital or acquired. Although congenital blood group chimerism is rare and involves complex mechanisms, it holds significant implications in transfusion medicine, transplantation, and obstetrics. This article reviews the formation mechanisms, detection methods, and clinical significance of congenital blood group chimerism in transfusion medicine. Particular emphasis is placed on the principles, advantages, and limitations of various detection techniques. Furthermore, the potential applications of these technologies in clinical diagnosis are discussed, providing a technical foundation for the development of precise transfusion strategies.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of Shujin Jiannao Formula （舒筋健脑方） for cerebral palsy. MethodsThirty 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， and Shujin Jiannao Formula group， with 10 rats in each group. The model group and Shujin Jiannao Formula group established a cerebral palsy model by the classic Rice-Vannucci method. After successful modeling， rats in Shujin Jiannao Formula group were given Shujin Jiannao Formula 16 g/（kg·d） by gavage， while the normal group and model group were given normal saline 10 ml/（kg·d） by gavage once a day. After one week of intervention， the rats' body weight was measured， and Zea-Longa scores， the righting reflex test， and the hindlimb suspension test were conducted for assessment； hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe pathological changes in brain tissue， and the number of Nissl-positive neurons was counted； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue， specifically interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）； immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of neurofilament protein 200 （NF200） and myelin basic protein （MBP） in brain tissue； Western Blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt/PKB/Rac）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） in brain tissue. ResultsCompared with the normal group， rats in the model group showed significantly higher Zea-Longa scores and lower scores in the hindlimb suspension test （P＜0.01）； pathological findings revealed loose structure in the cerebral cortex， hippocampal atrophy， and neuronal damage in brain tissue. Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α elevated， and the number of Nissl-stained positive neurons in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region reduced， and immunofluorescence intensity of NF200 and MBP， as well as protein expression levels of PI3K and mTOR， significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， rats in Shujin Jiannao Formula group showed decreased Zea-Longa scores and increased hindlimb suspension test scores （P＜0.05）； pathological damage in brain tissue alleviated， levels of IL-1β and TNF-α reduced， the number of Nissl-stained positive neurons in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region increased， and the immunofluorescence intensity of NF200 and MBP， as well as the protein levels of PI3K and mTOR， significantly elevated （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in body weight， body-turning time， or AKT protein levels in brain tissue （P＞0.05）. ConclusionShujin Jiannao Formula can improve the neurological function of rats with cerebral palsy， exert neurorestorative effects， and its mechanism of action may be related to the reduction of inflammatory response in brain tissue and the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the effects of family functioning,peer victimization and school connectedness on nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents,as well as the mediating effect of psychache in these relationships.Methods A total of 525 junior high school students in Foshan City were surveyed using the brief Family Function Scale,Peer Victimization Scale,School Connectedness Scale,Psychache Scale,and Nonsuicidal Self-injury Scale.Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0,and mediation analysis was conducted using Mplus 7.4.Results ① Family functioning could directly predict adolescent non-suicidal self-injury(β=-0.20,P＜0.01),but did not exert an indirect effect through psychache(P=0.123).② Peer victimization could not directly predict adolescent non-suicidal self-injury(β=0.10,P=0.133),but had an indirect effect through psychache,with an indirect effect value of 0.142(P＜0.001).③ School connectedness could not directly predict adolescent non-suicidal self-injury(β=0.13,P=0.053),but had an indirect effect through psychache,with an indirect effect value of-0.128(P＜0.001).Conclusion Psychache fully mediates the relationship between peer victimization,school connectedness,and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents,but it does not mediate the relationship between family functioning and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and HIV confirmed positive status among individuals attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide the basis for enhancing interventions targeting high-risk populations for AIDS. Methods: Demographic information, reasons for consultation, consulting institutions, and HIV antibody testing data of individuals attending VCT clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the VCT database of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The characteristics of individuals attending VCT were described. Factors affecting HIV confirmed positive among VCT clinic attendees were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 249 919 individuals attended VCT clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2023, including 128 069 males (51.24%) and 121 850 females (48.76%). The majority of attendees were aged 25-<35 years, accounting for 92 445 cases (36.99%). Among them, 785 cases were confirmed as HIV positive, with a positivity rate of 0.31%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that males (OR=4.787, 95%CI: 3.562-6.434), 45-<65 years of age (45-<55 years, OR=7.723, 95%CI: 1.786-33.406; 55-<65 years, OR=7.689, 95%CI: 1.757-33.653), being unmarried (OR=2.143, 95%CI: 1.580-2.906), junior high school education or below (OR=1.147, 95%CI: 1.042-2.430), having the history of high-risk behaviors or exposure risks (commercial heterosexual behaviors, OR=2.717, 95%CI: 1.707-4.324; non-commercial non-fixed heterosexual behaviors, OR=5.421, 95%CI: 3.763-7.809; homosexual behaviors, OR=70.774, 95%CI: 48.409-103.473; having an HIV-positive spouse/fixed partner/mother, OR=100.024, 95%CI: 62.490-160.100; drug injection, OR=5.366, 95%CI: 2.213-13.014), and seeking general hospitals or traditional Chinese medicine hospitals (OR=1.973, 95%CI: 1.650-2.360) were associated with a higher risk of HIV confirmed positive. Conclusions HIV confirmed positive among individuals attending VCT clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is associated with gender, age, marital status, educational level, reasons for consultation, and consulting institutions. It is recommended to strengthen health education and targeted interventions for high-risk populations to reduce the risk of HIV infection.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of critically ill patients infected with Acinetobacter bau-mannii(AB)and carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB).Methods From January 2022 to June 2023,the data of Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patients admitted to Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical Uni-versity in Shanxi Province were collected.According to whether they were infected with AB,the patients were divided into an observation group and a control group(98 cases each).The observation group was further di-vided into a carbapenem sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii(CSAB)group(72 cases)and a CRAB group(26 cases).Mann-Whitney U test,chi-square test and other univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of AB and CRAB infection for critically ill patients.The prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan Meier survival analysis.Results Long stay in ICU,previous use of carbapenem drugs and high Acute Physiology and Health Evaluation(APACHE Ⅱ)score were independent risk factors for AB sus-ceptibility(P＜0.05),while the independent risk factors for CRAB susceptibility were invasive ventilation and delayed surgery(P＜0.01).In addition,CRAB infection,COVID-19 and shock was risk factors for death in critically ill patients,and invasive ventilation,indwelling drainage tube and operation could reduce the risk of death in critically ill patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion ICU stay time,APACHE Ⅱ score,previous use of car-bapenem drugs and invasive ventilation increase the risk of AB and CRAB infection in critically ill patients.In-vasive ventilation,indwelling drainage and early surgery could reduce the risk of death from AB and CRAB in-fection in critically ill patients.

We have isolated an intestinal probiotic strain, Pediococcus acidilactici HRQ-1. To improve its gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, transportation and storage stability, and slow-release properties, we employed the extrusion method to prepare the microcapsules with P. acidilactici HRQ-1 as the core material and sodium alginate and chitosan as the wall material. The optimal conditions for preparing the microcapsules were determined by single factor and orthogonal tests, and the optimal ratio was determined by taking the embedding rate, survival rate, storage stability, gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, and release rate as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that under the optimal embedding conditions, the embedding rate reached (89.60±0.02)%. Under the optimal formula of freeze-drying protective agent, the freeze-drying survival rate reached (76.42±0.13)%, and the average size of the microcapsules produced was (1.16±0.03) mm. The continuous gastrointestinal fluid simulation experiments confirmed that the microcapsules ensured the viable bacterial count and can slowly release bacteria in the intestinal fluid. The curve of the viable bacterial count during storage at 4 ℃ and room temperature indicated that the prepared microcapsules achieved strains' live number protection. The formula and preparation process of P. acidilactici microcapsules may provide a technological reserve for the preparation of more live bacterial drugs in the future.
Pediococcus acidilactici/chemistry* ; Probiotics/chemistry* ; Capsules/chemistry* ; Alginates/chemistry* ; Chitosan/chemistry* ; Drug Compounding/methods* ; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry* ; Hexuronic Acids/chemistry* ; Freeze Drying

Objective As an important monitoring target for gaseous effluents from nuclear facilities, the radioactive inert gas ⁸⁵Kr requires accurate measurement, which is crucial for nuclear safety and radiation protection. This study organized an inter-laboratory comparison activity for ⁸⁵Kr gamma-ray spectrometry measurements, with the aims of identifying potential problems in ⁸⁵Kr measurement and improving detection capabilities and proficiency. Methods Four laboratories participated in this comparison. Each laboratory employed gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the comparison samples, and the results were evaluated using the E_n value. Results The measurement results from all participating institutions were acceptable, with the maximum E_n value being 0.73. The results demonstrate that despite the low gamma-ray branching ratio of ⁸⁵Kr and its susceptibility to interference from the 511 keV positron annihilation peak, gamma-ray spectrometry can achieve reliable activity measurements of ⁸⁵Kr. Conclusion The comparison for ⁸⁵Kr gamma-ray spectrometry tested the capabilities of the participating laboratories in ⁸⁵Kr measurement. It promoted technical exchange and experience sharing among laboratories, laying a foundation for future comparisons involving more complex radioactive inert gases.

The clinical data of a patient with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)who developed physiological thymic uptake after postoperative iodine-131(131I)therapy were analyzed,and the 3-year follow-up changes in the patient's condition were reviewed.Combined with the literatures and the diagnosis and treatment process,the causes of possible false positives in whole-body scans after iodine therapy for DTC and the mechanism,clinical features,and identification methods of benign thymic 131I uptake were discussed to improve clinicians' understanding and diagnostic ability regarding such conditions and avoid unnecessary multiple iodine treatments.The patient,a 28-year-old female,showed mediastinal imaging after the first 131I treatment,with more pronounced mediastinal iodine uptake during the second treatment.SPECT/CT localized the uptake to enlarged thymus tissue.The stimulated thyroglobulin(Tg)levels before two 131I treatments were high but gradually decreased.Apart from thymic uptake,no other examination evidence suggested DTC metastases.Subsequent follow-up for 3 years showed no pathological changes in the thymus,confirming physiological thymic uptake.Thymic 131I uptake is a common cause of false-positive whole-body scans in post-thyroidectomy patients.When post-131I therapy whole-body imaging shows only mediastinal uptake,especially in the young patients undergoing multiple 131I treatments where thymic 131I uptake intensity increases with successive treatments,even with elevated Tg levels,comprehensive use of imaging results such as SPECT/CT is essential to determine if it is normal thymus,thereby avoiding unnecessary repeated therapies.

Objective To investigate the dynamic balance ability of healthy young adults under different obstacle-crossing strategies,thereby providing a theoretical basis for fall prevention training and public facility design.Methods Twenty healthy young adults participated in the experiment using F-scan plantar pressure analysis insoles.The subjects were required to cross three obstacles with different combinations of height and width.With their dominant foot serving as the leading foot and the non-dominant foot as the trailing foot,the subjects performed both lateral and forward crossing maneuvers,and their plantar pressure data were collected.Results Different crossing strategies significantly affected the adjustment speed of the leading foot's center of pressure in the medial-lateral direction(COP_ML),the area of the 95％confidence circle,ML amplitude,and anterior-posterior(AP)amplitude(P＜0.05).These strategies also significantly impacted the trailing foot's COP_ML adjustment speed,the area of the 95％confidence circle,and the range between the maximum and minimum swings(P＜0.05).For the leading foot,during lateral and forward crossing,the balance parameter values under different heights and widths were statistically significant(P＜0.05),increasing as the height and width increased.For the trailing foot,during forward crossing,the balance parameter values under different heights were statistically significant(P＜0.05),increasing with height,while during lateral crossing,the differences in balance parameter values were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions Healthy young adults demonstrate better balance ability with the leading foot during forward obstacle crossing,which aligns with the movement habits of the dominant foot and daily activity patterns.The trailing foot exhibits a more stable plantar pressure distribution during lateral obstacle crossing,likely due to a larger contact area and more even center of gravity distribution.

Objective To investigate the dynamic balance ability of healthy young adults under different obstacle-crossing strategies,thereby providing a theoretical basis for fall prevention training and public facility design.Methods Twenty healthy young adults participated in the experiment using F-scan plantar pressure analysis insoles.The subjects were required to cross three obstacles with different combinations of height and width.With their dominant foot serving as the leading foot and the non-dominant foot as the trailing foot,the subjects performed both lateral and forward crossing maneuvers,and their plantar pressure data were collected.Results Different crossing strategies significantly affected the adjustment speed of the leading foot's center of pressure in the medial-lateral direction(COP_ML),the area of the 95％confidence circle,ML amplitude,and anterior-posterior(AP)amplitude(P＜0.05).These strategies also significantly impacted the trailing foot's COP_ML adjustment speed,the area of the 95％confidence circle,and the range between the maximum and minimum swings(P＜0.05).For the leading foot,during lateral and forward crossing,the balance parameter values under different heights and widths were statistically significant(P＜0.05),increasing as the height and width increased.For the trailing foot,during forward crossing,the balance parameter values under different heights were statistically significant(P＜0.05),increasing with height,while during lateral crossing,the differences in balance parameter values were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions Healthy young adults demonstrate better balance ability with the leading foot during forward obstacle crossing,which aligns with the movement habits of the dominant foot and daily activity patterns.The trailing foot exhibits a more stable plantar pressure distribution during lateral obstacle crossing,likely due to a larger contact area and more even center of gravity distribution.