Objective To analyze the current status and emerging technology trends in domestic medical drainage tube patents,so as to explore possible factors for low patent conversion rates.Methods Patents associated with"drainage tube","medical drainage tube","surgical drainage tube"and related terms were retrieved from the National Intellectual Property Administration Database and the Innojoy Patent Search Engine,covering the period from 2010 to 2020.Screening and visual analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS 27.0.Results A total of 2 895 relevant patents were identified,comprising 2 489 utility model patents,367 invention patents and 39 design patents.The number of patent applications demonstrated a year-on-year growth trend,with a higher concentration in eastern coastal regions and provinces housing numerous top-tier hospitals and medical institutions.Approximately 49.26％of the patents filed by individuals were affiliated with hospitals,universities,or enterprises.Innovation hotspots included the design,functionality,performance,and safety aspects of drainage tubes and probes.Of the patents,72.61％were invalid,and 61.73％had a survival period of three years or less.Only 5.15％were commercially utilized through transfers,pledges,or licensing.Conclusion Domestic patent applications for medical drainage tubes have seen rapid growth,with a focus on enhancing tube structures such as sleeves,balloons,drainage holes,and threaded designs.However,the unsatisfactory situation of patent conversion and operation have been mainly limited by factors such as weak core technology of patents,insufficient awareness of achievements conversion,poor operation of patent conversion mechanism,insufficient market promotion,and insufficient integration of industry,academia,and research.To address this issue,enhancing intellectual property protection,revitalizing valid patents,and expanding transformation channels would benefit patients and facilitate hospitals'high-quality development,injecting new vitality into the health industry.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture based on the "head qijie" theory combined with endovascular intervention in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS: Sixty-six IS patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped out) and a control group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped out). The control group received endovascular intervention. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the experimental group received acupuncture based on the "head qijie" theory starting from the second day after surgery, Baihui (GV20) and bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Tianzhu (BL10), etc. were selected, once a day, 6 times a week for 2 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), modified Barthel index (MBI) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) were observed in the two groups, the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. RESULTS: After treatment, the NIHSS and mRS scores were decreased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.01), the NIHSS and mRS scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the MBI scores were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.01), the MBI score in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the experimental group was 86.7% (26/30), which was higher than 66.7% (20/30) in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 6.7% (2/30), which was lower than 13.3% (4/30) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture based on the "head qijie" theory combined with endovascular intervention in treating IS has good efficacy, improves neurological function, and enhances daily living ability.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Ischemic Stroke/therapy* ; Acupuncture Points ; Endovascular Procedures ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of Jieduan Niwan Formula (JDNWF) drug-containing serum on AMPK-mediated mitochondrial quality control in D-GalN-induced HepG2 cells. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control and JDNWF-containing serum groups, 10 rats per group. The JDNWF-containing serum group was gavaged with JDNWF (21.7 g/kg), whereas the blank control group was gavaged with saline. Blood was collected to prepare JDNWF-containing and blank control serum. Cell viability, mitochondrial damage indicators, and MQC pathway protein expression levels were evaluated to determine the optimal volume fraction of JDNWF. HepG2 cells were divided into control, D-GalN, DMSO, AMPK inhibitor, JDNWF drug-containing serum, and JDNWF drug-containing serum plus AMPK inhibitor groups, and corresponding drug interventions were administered to each group. Cells were collected after the interventions, and the CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability, the 2′-7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, JC-1 was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, thiobarbituric acid was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, WST-8 was used to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial quality control-related proteins, including p-AMPK, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, MFN2, and DRP1. Results: 5% JDNWF drug-containing serum most significantly restored cell viability, mitochondrial damage markers, and MQC pathway protein expression in the model group. Therefore, it was chosen for intervention in subsequent experiments. Compared to the control group, the cell viability of the D-GalN, DMSO, and AMPK inhibitor groups was significantly reduced (P<0.01). In contrast, the heterogeneity of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and MDA levels was significantly increased (P<0.01), and SOD activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The p-AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, MFN2, and DRP1 protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01). After JDNWF drug-containing serum intervention, compared to the DMSO group, cell viability significantly increased (P<0.01), mitochondrial membrane potential heterogeneity, ROS, and MDA levels significantly decreased (P<0.01), SOD activity significantly increased (P<0.01), and p-AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, and MFN2 protein expression levels significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas DRP1 protein expression significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared to the JDNWF drug-containing serum group, the cell viability in the JDNWF plus AMPK inhibitor group significantly decreased (P<0.01), mitochondrial membrane potential heterogeneity and ROS levels significantly increased (P<0.01), MDA levels significantly increased (P<0.05), SOD activity significantly decreased (P<0.05), p-AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM protein expression levels significantly decreased (P<0.01), MFN2 protein expression significantly decreased (P<0.05), and DRP1 protein expression significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion JDNWF drug-containing serum may restore mitochondrial function and improve D-GalN-induced HepG2 cell injury by regulating AMPK-mediated mitochondrial quality control.

OBJECTIVE:There are many kinds of biological scaffolds used for pulp revascularization in clinical practice,and the difference of efficacy between different scaffolds is controversial.The efficacy of nine kinds of biological scaffolds in endodontic revascularization was evaluated by Bayesian network meta-analysis.METHODS:The computer was used to search the literature in CNKI,VIP,WanFang,China Biomedical Literature Service System,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,and Scopus databases.Randomized controlled trials of different biological scaffolds for the treatment of pulp revascularization in young permanent teeth meeting inclusion criteria were collected from each database up to April 1,2024.Two researchers sifted through the literature,data collection,sorting and extraction were completed independently,and the quality of the included literature was assessed for risk of bias.A network meta-analysis was performed using BUGSnet1.1.1 package of R4.2.0 software.RESULTS:A total of 22 studies with 926 affected teeth and 9 different interventions were included in this study.The results of network meta-analysis showed that:(1)Clinical success rate(primary goal):platelet-rich fibrin was superior to blood clot[OR=1.45,95％CI(0.32,2.69)],and the top three ranking results were:concentrated growth factor(82.77％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(75.38％)＞modified platelet-rich fibrin(62.39％).(2)Increased root length(secondary goal):There was no difference among the 7 biological scaffolds at 1-6 months of follow-up(P＞0.05),the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:concentrated growth factor(86.25％)＞platelet-rich plasma(53.76％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(51.11％).When followed up for＞6 months and＜12 months,concentrated growth factor was superior to blood clot[MD=9.59,95％CI(0.52,18.40)],the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:concentrated growth factor(92.42％)＞platelet-rich plasma(56.03％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(55.76％).When followed up for more than 12 months,concentrated growth factor was superior to modified platelet-rich fibrin[MD=11.01,95％CI(0.02,22.72)],the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:concentrated growth factor(86.95％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(68.61％)＞blood clot combined with collagen(52.5％).(3)Increased root wall thickness(secondary goal):at 1-6 months of follow-up,platelet-rich fibrin was superior to blood clot[MD=11.37,95％CI(4.74,17.71)],the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:platelet-rich fibrin(93.66％)＞concentrated growth factor(63.11％)＞modified platelet-rich fibrin(50.48％).At＞6 months and＜12 months of follow-up,there was no difference among the 6 biological scaffolds(P＞0.05),the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:modified platelet-rich fibrin(73.63％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(62.36％)＞concentrated growth factor(56.25％).When followed up for more than 12 months,there was no difference among the 9 biological scaffolds(P＞0.05),and the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:blood clot combined with collagen(81.9％)＞platelet-rich plasma(62.67％)＞modified platelet-rich fibrin(59.49％).(4)Pulp vitality(third-level goal):there was no difference among the 6 biological scaffolds(P＞0.05),and the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:blood clot combined with collagen(84.22％)＞concentrated growth factor(67.71％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(48.79％).CONCLUSION:Existing evidence shows that the clinical success rate of different scaffolds is higher in pulp revascularization,among which platelet-rich fibrin is better than blood clots.In terms of comprehensive comparison of root length and root wall thickness increase,concentrated growth factor performs best in the follow-up period of 1-6 months and＞6 months and＜12 months,while blood clot combined with collagen performs best after follow-up of more than 12 months;concentrated growth factor performs outstandingly in all levels of goals,and may be more conducive to the continued development of the tooth root than other scaffolds,and has great potential in pulp regeneration treatment.Limited by the quality and quantity of literature,the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

OBJECTIVE:There are many kinds of biological scaffolds used for pulp revascularization in clinical practice,and the difference of efficacy between different scaffolds is controversial.The efficacy of nine kinds of biological scaffolds in endodontic revascularization was evaluated by Bayesian network meta-analysis.METHODS:The computer was used to search the literature in CNKI,VIP,WanFang,China Biomedical Literature Service System,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,and Scopus databases.Randomized controlled trials of different biological scaffolds for the treatment of pulp revascularization in young permanent teeth meeting inclusion criteria were collected from each database up to April 1,2024.Two researchers sifted through the literature,data collection,sorting and extraction were completed independently,and the quality of the included literature was assessed for risk of bias.A network meta-analysis was performed using BUGSnet1.1.1 package of R4.2.0 software.RESULTS:A total of 22 studies with 926 affected teeth and 9 different interventions were included in this study.The results of network meta-analysis showed that:(1)Clinical success rate(primary goal):platelet-rich fibrin was superior to blood clot[OR=1.45,95％CI(0.32,2.69)],and the top three ranking results were:concentrated growth factor(82.77％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(75.38％)＞modified platelet-rich fibrin(62.39％).(2)Increased root length(secondary goal):There was no difference among the 7 biological scaffolds at 1-6 months of follow-up(P＞0.05),the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:concentrated growth factor(86.25％)＞platelet-rich plasma(53.76％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(51.11％).When followed up for＞6 months and＜12 months,concentrated growth factor was superior to blood clot[MD=9.59,95％CI(0.52,18.40)],the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:concentrated growth factor(92.42％)＞platelet-rich plasma(56.03％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(55.76％).When followed up for more than 12 months,concentrated growth factor was superior to modified platelet-rich fibrin[MD=11.01,95％CI(0.02,22.72)],the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:concentrated growth factor(86.95％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(68.61％)＞blood clot combined with collagen(52.5％).(3)Increased root wall thickness(secondary goal):at 1-6 months of follow-up,platelet-rich fibrin was superior to blood clot[MD=11.37,95％CI(4.74,17.71)],the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:platelet-rich fibrin(93.66％)＞concentrated growth factor(63.11％)＞modified platelet-rich fibrin(50.48％).At＞6 months and＜12 months of follow-up,there was no difference among the 6 biological scaffolds(P＞0.05),the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:modified platelet-rich fibrin(73.63％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(62.36％)＞concentrated growth factor(56.25％).When followed up for more than 12 months,there was no difference among the 9 biological scaffolds(P＞0.05),and the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:blood clot combined with collagen(81.9％)＞platelet-rich plasma(62.67％)＞modified platelet-rich fibrin(59.49％).(4)Pulp vitality(third-level goal):there was no difference among the 6 biological scaffolds(P＞0.05),and the top 3 ranking results of rank probability were:blood clot combined with collagen(84.22％)＞concentrated growth factor(67.71％)＞platelet-rich fibrin(48.79％).CONCLUSION:Existing evidence shows that the clinical success rate of different scaffolds is higher in pulp revascularization,among which platelet-rich fibrin is better than blood clots.In terms of comprehensive comparison of root length and root wall thickness increase,concentrated growth factor performs best in the follow-up period of 1-6 months and＞6 months and＜12 months,while blood clot combined with collagen performs best after follow-up of more than 12 months;concentrated growth factor performs outstandingly in all levels of goals,and may be more conducive to the continued development of the tooth root than other scaffolds,and has great potential in pulp regeneration treatment.Limited by the quality and quantity of literature,the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Objective:To prepare domestic 64Cu-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid- D-Phe1-Tyr3-Thr8-octreotide (DOTATATE), and to verify its distribution and preliminary diagnostic value in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods:DOTATATE was labeled with the domestic 64Cu to obtain 64Cu-DOTATATE. The lipophilicity, in vitro stability, and pharmacokinetics were studied. Biodistribution experiments and microPET imaging were performed on NCI-H727 (somatostatin receptor (SSTR)2 positive expression) tumor-bearing nude mice. The preliminary clinical applications were conducted on 10 NETs patients (5 males, 5 females; age (58.5±13.0) years) from Chinese PLA General Hospital between May 2023 and April 2024. Data were analyzed by using independent-sample t test. Results:64Cu-DOTATATE was successfully prepared with the radiochemical purity greater than 98%, log P of -2.609±0.051 and good stability. Pharmacokinetic experiments in BALB/c mice suggested rapid blood clearance of the drug (elimination half-time of 22.78min). Biodistribution results in tumor-bearing mice showed that 64Cu-DOTATATE was mainly metabolized through the liver and kidneys, with significant tumor uptake at 1h ((2.519±0.273) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g)) and sustained high uptake at 24h ((4.331±0.549)%ID/g). MicroPET imaging of tumor-bearing mice showed a slight increase in uptake and good retention at 24h, with a significant statistical difference compared to the blocked group ((2.197±0.250) vs (0.985±0.064) % ID/g; t=6.40, P=0.008). The tumor/liver ratios were 0.075±0.007, 0.083±0.011, 0.118±0.005, 0.263±0.031 at 1, 2, 6 and 24h, respectively. Preliminary clinical application indicated that 64Cu-DOTATATE exhibited good targeting in patients, and the liver radioactivity distribution was moderate (SUV max=10.62±3.46), providing good image quality. Conclusion:Domestic 64Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging is a promising imaging evaluation method in NETs with the value for further clinical research.

Objective To analyze the current status and emerging technology trends in domestic medical drainage tube patents,so as to explore possible factors for low patent conversion rates.Methods Patents associated with"drainage tube","medical drainage tube","surgical drainage tube"and related terms were retrieved from the National Intellectual Property Administration Database and the Innojoy Patent Search Engine,covering the period from 2010 to 2020.Screening and visual analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS 27.0.Results A total of 2 895 relevant patents were identified,comprising 2 489 utility model patents,367 invention patents and 39 design patents.The number of patent applications demonstrated a year-on-year growth trend,with a higher concentration in eastern coastal regions and provinces housing numerous top-tier hospitals and medical institutions.Approximately 49.26％of the patents filed by individuals were affiliated with hospitals,universities,or enterprises.Innovation hotspots included the design,functionality,performance,and safety aspects of drainage tubes and probes.Of the patents,72.61％were invalid,and 61.73％had a survival period of three years or less.Only 5.15％were commercially utilized through transfers,pledges,or licensing.Conclusion Domestic patent applications for medical drainage tubes have seen rapid growth,with a focus on enhancing tube structures such as sleeves,balloons,drainage holes,and threaded designs.However,the unsatisfactory situation of patent conversion and operation have been mainly limited by factors such as weak core technology of patents,insufficient awareness of achievements conversion,poor operation of patent conversion mechanism,insufficient market promotion,and insufficient integration of industry,academia,and research.To address this issue,enhancing intellectual property protection,revitalizing valid patents,and expanding transformation channels would benefit patients and facilitate hospitals'high-quality development,injecting new vitality into the health industry.

Objective:To prepare domestic 64Cu-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid- D-Phe1-Tyr3-Thr8-octreotide (DOTATATE), and to verify its distribution and preliminary diagnostic value in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods:DOTATATE was labeled with the domestic 64Cu to obtain 64Cu-DOTATATE. The lipophilicity, in vitro stability, and pharmacokinetics were studied. Biodistribution experiments and microPET imaging were performed on NCI-H727 (somatostatin receptor (SSTR)2 positive expression) tumor-bearing nude mice. The preliminary clinical applications were conducted on 10 NETs patients (5 males, 5 females; age (58.5±13.0) years) from Chinese PLA General Hospital between May 2023 and April 2024. Data were analyzed by using independent-sample t test. Results:64Cu-DOTATATE was successfully prepared with the radiochemical purity greater than 98%, log P of -2.609±0.051 and good stability. Pharmacokinetic experiments in BALB/c mice suggested rapid blood clearance of the drug (elimination half-time of 22.78min). Biodistribution results in tumor-bearing mice showed that 64Cu-DOTATATE was mainly metabolized through the liver and kidneys, with significant tumor uptake at 1h ((2.519±0.273) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g)) and sustained high uptake at 24h ((4.331±0.549)%ID/g). MicroPET imaging of tumor-bearing mice showed a slight increase in uptake and good retention at 24h, with a significant statistical difference compared to the blocked group ((2.197±0.250) vs (0.985±0.064) % ID/g; t=6.40, P=0.008). The tumor/liver ratios were 0.075±0.007, 0.083±0.011, 0.118±0.005, 0.263±0.031 at 1, 2, 6 and 24h, respectively. Preliminary clinical application indicated that 64Cu-DOTATATE exhibited good targeting in patients, and the liver radioactivity distribution was moderate (SUV max=10.62±3.46), providing good image quality. Conclusion:Domestic 64Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging is a promising imaging evaluation method in NETs with the value for further clinical research.

Objective:To compare the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal band electrophoresis examination results between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and to provide a basis for the differential diagnosis of the two types of neurological demyelinating diseases.Methods:Case analysis.The retrospective study method was used, and the patients who visited Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to August 2023 were selected as the research subjects, including 70 MS patients[19 males and 51 females, aged 34 (28, 44) years] and 70 GBS patients [44 males and 26 females, aged 50 (36, 61) years]. The oligoclonal band electrophoresis and immunoglobulin G(IgG) index (IgG I) were performed on the clinical specimens from MS and GBS patients, and CSF routine, CSF biochemistry (glucose, chloride, protein), lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus (RV), toxoplasma gondii (TOX), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and coxsackievirus were detected simultaneously. The enumeration data were treated with the chi-square test. The measurement data didn′t accord with normal distribution, and were treated with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The positive rate of oligoclonal band (OCB) electrophoresis in MS and GBS patients were 80.00% (56/70) and 4.29% (3/70), respectively. The positive rate in MS patients was significantly higher than that in GBS patients (χ 2=82.289, P<0.001). The white blood cells count [5.50 (3.00, 11.00)/μl] and the level of chlorine [127 (125, 128) mmol/L] in CSF of MS patients was higher than that of GBS patients [3.50(2.00, 7.00)/μl, 126(124, 128) mmol/L] ( U=-2.245, P<0.05; U=-2.028, P<0.05), while the levels of CSF protein [33.40(27.61, 39.17)mg/L], glucose [3.59(3.36, 3.88) mmol/L], and lactate [1.55(1.40, 1.73) mmol/L] of MS patients were lower than those of GBS patients [6.71(43.78, 138.30) mg/L, 3.97(3.55, 4.54) mmol/L, 1.80(1.60, 2.00) mmol/L]( U=-6.747, P<0.001; U=-3.651, P<0.001; U=-4.531, P<0.001). The levels of IL-6 [3.36(2.34, 5.02) pg/ml], IL-8 [55.40(46.75, 66.40) pg/ml], and TNF-α [5.63(4.25, 6.63) pg/ml] in CSF of MS patients were lower than those of GBS patients [6.12(3.61, 11.73) pg/ml, 120.00(74.90, 187.80) pg/ml, 6.57(5.25, 8.03) pg/ml]( U=-3.463, P<0.05; U=-5.225, P<0.001; U=-2.785, P<0.05). The positive rates of CMV IgG, TOX IgG, and EBVCA IgG in CSF of MS patients were 36.36% (24/66), 0 and 0, respectively,and the positive rates of those of GBS patients were 85.71% (54/63), 30.16% (19/63), and 19.05% (12/63), respectively. The positive rates of CMV IgG, TOX IgG, and EBVCA IgG in CSF of MS patients were significantly lower than those of GBS patients (χ 2=32.839, P<0.001; χ 2=23.343, P<0.001; χ 2=13.861, P<0.001). Conclusions:The MS patients mainly showed the higher positive rates of OCB. The GBS patients showed elevated CSF protein levels but no significant increase in white blood cell count, namely albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF. Meanwhile, the GBS patients showed elevated levels of intrathecal immunity and inflammation indicators, and a higher positive rate of pathogen antibodies.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of viral antibodies related to nervous system infections in patients with cognitive impairment,evaluate their relationship with cognitive impairment,and explore the relationship between viral infections and the occurrence and development of cognitive impair-ment.Methods A total of 170 mild cognitive impairment patients who visited Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Cap-ital Medical University from June 2019 to June 2023 were selected as the mild cognitive impairment group,208 cognitive impairment patients were selected as the cognitive impairment group,143 dementia patients were se-lected as the dementia group,and 146 age-matched and gender-matched non infectious and non inflammatory disease controls during the same period in the hospital were selected as the control group.The levels of virus antibodies related to nervous system infections in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients were detected,the detection rate and levels of antibodies were compared,and the infection burden was calculated.The cogni-tive function of all patients was evaluated and the relationship between infection burden and the degree of cog-nitive dysfunction was analyzed.Results The detection rate and antibody level of herpes simplex virus(HSV)1 IgG in the serum of three groups of patients with cognitive impairment were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The detection rate of HSV(1+2)IgM in the serum of three groups of pa-tients with cognitive impairment was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no sta-tistically significant difference between the mild cognitive impairment group,cognitive impairment group,and dementia group(P＞0.05).The serum infection load of three groups of patients with cognitive impairment was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the higher the infection load,the more severe the cognitive impairment.Conclusion Viral infection is an important influencing factor of cognitive impairment diseases,and HSV infection may be a promoting factor of cognitive dysfunction.