In 2025, the American Cancer Society published "Cancer statistics, 2025", which projected cancer data for the upcoming year based on incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). Similarly, the National Cancer Center of China released "Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022" in December 2024, analyzing data from 22 cancer registries across the country. This study provides a comparative analysis of cancer incidence and mortality trends in China and the United States during the same period, with a focus on sex- and age-specific distributions and long-term changes in cancer patterns. Long-term trends indicate that lung and liver cancer mortality rates in China have declined, primarily due to tobacco control measures and hepatitis B vaccination programs. However, the burden of gastric and esophageal cancers remains substantial. In the United States, mortality rates for colorectal and lung cancers have continued to decline, largely attributed to widespread screening programs and advances in immunotherapy. As economic growth and social development, China’s cancer profile is gradually shifting towards patterns observed in countries with high human development index. However, the prevention and control of upper gastrointestinal cancers remains a critical public health challenge that requires further attention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of different iterative cone beam CT (iCBCT) scanning beam currents from a ring-mounted linac on synthetic CT image quality for lung adaptive radiotherapy under lung scanning protocol. METHODS: The CIRS lung motion phantom was configured to simulate conventional respiratory motion pattern, followed by 4D-CT simulation. After transferring the radiotherapy plan to the ring-mounted Halcyon 3.0 linac, three groups of typical iCBCT scans with different beam currents [ I _low (160 mA), I _middle (282 mA), and I _high (491 mA)] were performed and corresponding image reconstructions were completed. Synthetic CT (sCT) images were subsequently obtained based on the deformable registration algorithm. RESULTS: Compared to the corresponding CBCT images, the sCT images exhibited a significant reduction in artifacts. The fine structure of the planning CT (pCT) image was preserved for sCT images corresponding to different scanning beam currents, with Dice similarity coefficients exceeding 0.90 for all cases. CONCLUSION The image quality of sCT corresponding to different iCBCTs is comparable to that of pCT, and changes in iCBCT beam parameters have a negligible impact on sCT image quality. Taking into account both image quality and imaging dose factors associated with the beam currents, iCBCT with a lower beam current on the ring-mounted Halcyon linac offers greater clinical value in lung adaptive radiotherapy.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods* ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Humans ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging*

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and practicality of the Jaundice color card (JCard) as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice.Methods:Following the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) statement, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 9 hospitals in China from October 2019 to September 2021. A total of 845 newborns who were admitted to the hospital or outpatient department for liver function testing due to their own diseases. The inclusion criteria were a gestational age of ≥35 weeks, a birth weight of ≥2 000 g, and an age of ≤28 days. The neonate′s parents used the JCard to measure jaundice at the neonate′s cheek. Within 2 hours of the JCard measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured with a JH20-1B device and total serum bilirubin (TSB) was detected. The Pearson′s correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistic analysis.Results:Out of the 854 newborns, 445 were male and 409 were female; 46 were born at 35-36 weeks of gestational age and 808 were born at ≥37 weeks of gestational age. Additionally, 432 cases were aged 0-3 days, 236 cases were aged 4-7 days, and 186 cases were aged 8-28 days. The TSB level was (227.4±89.6) μmol/L, with a range of 23.7-717.0 μmol/L. The JCard level was (221.4±77.0) μmol/L and the TcB level was (252.5±76.0) μmol/L. Both the JCard and TcB values showed good correlation ( r=0.77 and 0.80, respectively) and agreements (96.0% (820/854) and 95.2% (813/854) of samples fell within the 95% limits of agreement, respectively) with TSB. The JCard value of 12 had a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.75 for identifying a TSB ≥205.2?μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.35 for identifying a TSB ≥342.0?μmol/L. The TcB value of 205.2?μmol/L had a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.60 for identifying TSB levels of 205.2 μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.26 for identifying TSB levels of 342.0 μmol/L. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of JCard for identifying TSB levels of 153.9, 205.2, 256.5, and 342.0 μmol/L were 0.96, 0.92, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The AUC of TcB were 0.94, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. There were both no significant differences between the AUC of JCard and TcB in identifying TSB levels of 153.9 and 205.2 μmol/L (both P>0.05). However, the AUC of JCard were both lower than those of TcB in identifying TSB levels of 256.5 and 342.0 μmol/L (both P<0.05). Conclusions:JCard can be used to classify different levels of bilirubin, but its diagnostic efficacy decreases with increasing bilirubin levels. When TSB level are ≤205.2 μmol/L, its diagnostic efficacy is equivalent to that of the JH20-1B. To prevent the misdiagnosis of severe jaundice, it is recommended that parents use a low JCard score, such as 12, to identify severe hyperbilirubinemia (TSB ≥342.0 μmol/L).

In 2022, the National Cancer Center (NCC) of China reported the nationwide statistics of 2016 using population-based cancer registry data from all available cancer registries in China, which was mainly about the cancer incidence and mortality. Cancer remains a major health problem currently in our country and requires long term cooperation to deal with. This article provided a key point interpretation and analysis of cancer prevalence data in China, and provided an analysis of several main risk factors for cancer, which was conducive to the development of cancer prevention and control programs in different regions.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oliceridine for treatment of moderate to severe pain after surgery with general anesthesia in patients.Methods:The patients with moderate to severe pain (numeric pain rating scale ≥4) after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia from 14 hospitals between July 6, 2021 and November 9, 2021 were included in this study. The patients were assigned to either experiment group or control group using a random number table method. Experiment group received oliceridine, while control group received morphine, and both groups were treated with a loading dose plus patient-controlled analgesia and supplemental doses for 24 h. The primary efficacy endpoint was the drug response rate within 24 h after giving the loading dose. Secondary efficacy endpoints included early (within 1 h after giving the loading dose) drug response rates and use of rescue medication. Safety endpoints encompassed the development of respiratory depression and other adverse reactions during treatment.Results:After randomization, both the full analysis set and safety analysis set comprised 180 cases, with 92 in experiment group and 88 in control group. The per-protocol set included 170 cases, with 86 in experiment group and 84 in control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in 24-h drug response rates, rescue analgesia rates, respiratory depression, and incidence of other adverse reactions ( P>0.05). The analysis of full analysis set showed that the experiment group had a higher drug response rate at 5-30 min after giving the loading dose compared to control group ( P<0.05). The per-protocol set analysis indicated that experiment group had a higher drug response rate at 5-15 min after giving the loading dose than control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:When used for treatment of moderate to severe pain after surgery with general anesthesia in patients, oliceridine provides comparable analgesic efficacy to morphine, with a faster onset.

Objective:To establish of a newmethod:for the rapid detection of H5N1-Avian Influenza virus by combining reverse transcription (RT), multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) and nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB).Methods:MCDA primers were designed based on gene sequences specific to Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) in H5N1 avian influenza virus. The target genes HA and NA were amplified through reverse transcription and MCDA in one reaction system. Results were displayed by LFB. The assay was named as H5N1-mRT-MCDA-LFB. The reaction conditions of the H5N1-RT-MCDA-LFB method were optimized, and the sensitivity and specificity were also assessed.Results:The H5N1-RT-MCDA-LFB assay could achieve good amplification effect at a constant temperature of 65 ℃ for 40 minutes. The method had a lower limit of detection of 100 fg per reaction with 100-fold higher sensitivity than that of the RT-qPCR (lower limit of detection 10 pg per reaction). The assay was negative in detecting 28 common viruses, mycoplasmas, chlamydias, bacterias and funguses, except for H5N1. In addition, the H5N1-RT-MCDA-LFB method showed better validation in simulated clinical samples with a lower limit of detection at 1×10 2 copies/ml. Conclusion:The H5N1-RT-MCDA-LFB assay is a valuable molecular diagnostic technique for detecting H5N1 avian influenza virus due to its simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity and specificity.

To investigate the role of chebulagic acid(CA)in regulating lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-in-duced inflammatory response in endometrial tissue of dairy cows,and to provide new ideas for the treatment and new drug development of endometritis in dairy cows.The endometrial tissues of dairy cows were isolated and cultured in vitro,stimulated with 1 mg/L LPS for 1 h and then co-cultured with CA(12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0 mg/L).Then the endometrial tissues of different treat-ment groups were collected for experiments.The protein secretion and gene expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.HE staining was used to observe the degree of endometrial tissue damage.The expressions of high mobility protein 1(HMGB-1)and hyaluronidase binding protein 2(HABP-2)were detected by immunofluorescence.The phosphorylation levels of ERK,p65 and IκBα were detected by Western blot.The results showed that the protein secretion levels of TNF-α at 6,24 h and IL-6 at 6,12 and 24 h,and the gene expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 at 6,9,and 12 h and TNF-α at 6 h were sig-nificantly down-regulated after CA treatment with the LPS-induced endometrial tissue inflammation response model of dairy cows.HE staining showed that compared with the LPS group,the LPS+CA group had some improvements,the degree of epithelial cell exfoliation was reduced,the struc-ture of glands and blood vessels was relatively complete,the degree of inflammatory cell infiltra-tion was reduced,and there was no obvious necrosis or hemorrhage.The expression of HMGB-1 and HABP-2 in LPS+CA group was also significantly down-regulated.The phosphorylation levels of ERK,IκBα and p65 in the LPS+CA group were significantly decreased.In conclusion,CA can reduce LPS-induced inflammation in the endometrial tissue of dairy cows by inhibiting the activa-tion of MAPK and NF-κB pathways and down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors in the uterine tissue.It is concluded that CA may be a potential therapeutic agent for endometritis in dairy cows and deserves further research and development.

Objective:To investigate the application of combined gastroscopy and laparoscopy (dual scope) in the treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods:In this descriptive case series study, we retrospectively collected data on 15 patients with cT1b stage gastric cancer who had undergone combined laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery in the 900th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China from May 2020 to October 2022. The study cohort comprised nine men and six women of median age 59 (range: 47–76) years and median body mass index 20.9 (range: 18.3–26.2) kg/m 2. Seven of the lesions were located on the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum and eight in the gastric angle. All lesions were biopsied for pathological examination and evaluated by endoscopic ultrasonography, followed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and laparoscopic regional lymph node dissection. Studied variables included surgical and pathological features, postoperative factors, and outcomes. Results:In this group of patients, the median (range) operative time for ESD was 45 (30–82) minutes, the duration of laparoscopic lymph node dissection (45.1±8.6) minutes, and the median (range) intraoperative blood loss during lymph node dissection 30 (10–80) mL. Of the 13 patients with negative postoperative horizontal margins, four were stage SM1 and had no lymph node metastases (Stage SM1) and nine were Stage SM2, of which had one positive regional lymph node and two received additional standard distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy concurrently because of positive ESD specimens (lymph node negative). No lymph node metastases were found in the surgical specimens of these patients. The remaining two patients had positive vertical margins; both had undergone concurrent standard distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. One of them was found to be lymph node positive (No. 3, one node). Four patients had impaired gastric emptying after dual-scope treatment, all of whom recovered well with symptomatic management; one patient with a suspected lymphatic leak was also managed conservatively. There were no cases of postoperative bleeding, abdominal infection, or incisional infection. At a median follow-up of 14 (6–26) months, no tumor recurrence or metastasis had been identified in any of the patients. Three patients had a grade B nutrition score 3 to 6 months after surgery, all of whom had undergone major gastrectomy, and two patients who had undergone dual-scope surgery reported an increase in acid reflux and belching after surgery compared with the preoperative period.Conclusion:A combined technique is safe and feasible for the treatment of early gastric cancer and is worthy of further exploration.

Objective:To investigate the application of combined gastroscopy and laparoscopy (dual scope) in the treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods:In this descriptive case series study, we retrospectively collected data on 15 patients with cT1b stage gastric cancer who had undergone combined laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery in the 900th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China from May 2020 to October 2022. The study cohort comprised nine men and six women of median age 59 (range: 47–76) years and median body mass index 20.9 (range: 18.3–26.2) kg/m 2. Seven of the lesions were located on the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum and eight in the gastric angle. All lesions were biopsied for pathological examination and evaluated by endoscopic ultrasonography, followed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and laparoscopic regional lymph node dissection. Studied variables included surgical and pathological features, postoperative factors, and outcomes. Results:In this group of patients, the median (range) operative time for ESD was 45 (30–82) minutes, the duration of laparoscopic lymph node dissection (45.1±8.6) minutes, and the median (range) intraoperative blood loss during lymph node dissection 30 (10–80) mL. Of the 13 patients with negative postoperative horizontal margins, four were stage SM1 and had no lymph node metastases (Stage SM1) and nine were Stage SM2, of which had one positive regional lymph node and two received additional standard distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy concurrently because of positive ESD specimens (lymph node negative). No lymph node metastases were found in the surgical specimens of these patients. The remaining two patients had positive vertical margins; both had undergone concurrent standard distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. One of them was found to be lymph node positive (No. 3, one node). Four patients had impaired gastric emptying after dual-scope treatment, all of whom recovered well with symptomatic management; one patient with a suspected lymphatic leak was also managed conservatively. There were no cases of postoperative bleeding, abdominal infection, or incisional infection. At a median follow-up of 14 (6–26) months, no tumor recurrence or metastasis had been identified in any of the patients. Three patients had a grade B nutrition score 3 to 6 months after surgery, all of whom had undergone major gastrectomy, and two patients who had undergone dual-scope surgery reported an increase in acid reflux and belching after surgery compared with the preoperative period.Conclusion:A combined technique is safe and feasible for the treatment of early gastric cancer and is worthy of further exploration.