Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults and arises predominantly from the choroid. Mitochondria, as essential organelles, not only fuel energy metabolism, but also orchestrate signal transduction and apoptosis. Recent studies have progressively uncovered the multifaceted roles of mitochondria in UM, including mitochondrial DNA copy-number alterations, reprogramming of mitochondria-related metabolic genes, and mitochondria-dependent autophagy. Moreover, mitochondria modulate UM progression partly through the PI3K/AKT axis. Natural compounds and small-molecule drugs that impair mitochondrial function have also shown promising activity in inducing UM cell dysfunction. These findings provide new insights into UM pathogenesis and highlight mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets.

Objective:To investigate the relation between temporal expression changes of proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 ( PRRT2) gene and clinical progression of PRRT2-related paroxysmal disorders (PRPDs). Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; 19 patients with PRPDs admitted to Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from July 2021 to July 2024 were enrolled; their clinical data, including onset age and disease progression, were collected. Using Bgee database, the PRRT2 gene expressions in different age groups were analyzed to explore their relations with clinical progression. Results:Among the 19 patients, 8 were diagnosed as having infantile convulsion with choreoathetosis (ICCA), 1 patient as having infantile convulsion, and 10 as having paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Among patients with ICCA, the disease course was divided into two stages: in infantile period, it manifested as infantile convulsions at the onset, with an onset age of (5.75±1.03) months, ranged 4-7 months; in early childhood, no seizures were noted, enjoying a silent period and lasting for a period ranged 7-15 years; subsequently, the disease relapsed during adolescent, presenting as dyskinesia, with an onset age of (11.75±3.11) years, ranged 8-16 years. Among patients with PKD, onset age was (10.40±3.17) years, ranged 5-17 years. PRRT2 expression peaked before 1 year old, declined to the lowest level at 10 years old, and then gradually increased, reaching a second peak at 17 years old; PRRT2 expression demonstrated bimodal peaks during early childhood and adolescence. Conclusion:PRPDs progression shows a certain consistency with the temporal change of PRRT2 gene expression.

Objective To explore the application value of microwave ablation under ultrasound-magnetic resonance imaging(US-MRI)in the treatment of small liver cancer.Methods A total of 94 patients with small liver cancer were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group using a random number table method,with 47 patients in each group.The observation group underwent microwave ablation under US-MRI,while the control group received surgical resection.The tumor control rate,periopera-tive indicators,liver function indicators[total bilirubin(TBIL),albumin(ALB),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine amin-otransferase(ALT)],postoperative complications,and 6-month follow-up status were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in tumor control rate between the two groups(P>0.05).In the observation group,the proportion of patients with smaller intraoperative blood loss,shorter operative time and postoperative performance status(PS)score of 0-1 was higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of TBIL,AST and ALT were lower and the level of ALB was higher,and the incidence of complications was lower in the observation group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in residual lesion and recurrence(P>0.05).Conclusion The short-term efficacy of microwave ablation under US-MRI in the treatment of small liver cancer is similar to that of surgical treatment,and the microwave ablation under US-MRI can also reduce liver function injury,reduce intraoperative blood loss and shorten operation time.

Opium is obtained by air-drying the milky latex extracted from the unripe capsules of the opium poppy(Papaver somniferum).This latex is rich in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BIA),with major active compounds in-cluding morphine,codeine,thebaine,papaverine,and noscapine.Compound licorice oral solution and compound licorice tablets are derivative drugs containing opium.Initially classified as over-the-counter(OTC)medications,both formulations were later reclassified as prescription drugs by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA),restricting their purchase without proper authorization.Although the national pharmacopeia standards specify the morphine content in the opium raw materials used for compound licorice oral solution and tablets,they lack mandatory requirements for the detection and quantification of the other four major alkaloids.Given the unique nature of opium raw materials and the stringent regulatory requirements for such drugs,it is imperative to enhance and refine simultaneous detection and control methods for all alkaloid components in these products.Furthermore,the establishment of scientific and reasonable detection and control standards for preservatives in compound licorice formulations is crucial to improving overall product quality management and ensuring drug safety and efficacy.This study analyzes and discusses the quality standards,detection methods,and research progress for opium and com-pound licorice preparations,aiming to explore the potential for technological innovation and ensure the safe use of these medications.

Objective:To investigate the relation between temporal expression changes of proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 ( PRRT2) gene and clinical progression of PRRT2-related paroxysmal disorders (PRPDs). Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; 19 patients with PRPDs admitted to Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from July 2021 to July 2024 were enrolled; their clinical data, including onset age and disease progression, were collected. Using Bgee database, the PRRT2 gene expressions in different age groups were analyzed to explore their relations with clinical progression. Results:Among the 19 patients, 8 were diagnosed as having infantile convulsion with choreoathetosis (ICCA), 1 patient as having infantile convulsion, and 10 as having paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Among patients with ICCA, the disease course was divided into two stages: in infantile period, it manifested as infantile convulsions at the onset, with an onset age of (5.75±1.03) months, ranged 4-7 months; in early childhood, no seizures were noted, enjoying a silent period and lasting for a period ranged 7-15 years; subsequently, the disease relapsed during adolescent, presenting as dyskinesia, with an onset age of (11.75±3.11) years, ranged 8-16 years. Among patients with PKD, onset age was (10.40±3.17) years, ranged 5-17 years. PRRT2 expression peaked before 1 year old, declined to the lowest level at 10 years old, and then gradually increased, reaching a second peak at 17 years old; PRRT2 expression demonstrated bimodal peaks during early childhood and adolescence. Conclusion:PRPDs progression shows a certain consistency with the temporal change of PRRT2 gene expression.

OBJECTIVE To explore and evaluate the machine learning model for prediction of bacterial bloodstream infections established based on routine test data.METHODS By means of retrospective survey,a total of 5 421 pa-tients who were hospitalized in 3 medical institutions from Jan.2015 to Dec.2022 were recruited as the research subjects,1 914 of whom were assigned as the bloodstream infection group,and 3 507 were assigned as the non-bloodstream infection group.The baseline data including gender and age and the results of routine laboratory tests were collected from the enrolled patients.The 3 types of machine learning algorithms,logistic regression,support vector machine and random forest,were respectively used for the screening of the optimal prediction model;the contribution of feature variables to the predictive capability of the model was interpreted through SHAP.The fea-ture variables of the model were optimized by using recursive feature elimination method,and the predictive effi-ciency of the model was evaluated by the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS Totally 26 variables involving age,gender and blood routine test indexes were included.The random forest was chosen as the optimal machine learning algorithm for the establishment of prediction model for bloodstream infections,and the accuracy of the model was 0.709,with the AUC 0.706.The result of SHAP ex-planation indicated that the age,hematokrit and erythrocyte volume distribution width-CV had remarkable effect on the model's making right decisions.17 variables of the prediction model showed more remarkable effect than 26 variable on distinguishing from the gram-positive bacteria bloodstream infections from the gram-negative bacteria bloodstream infections,with the AUC 0.715,the sensitivity 0.701,the specificity 0.632.CONCLUSIONS The prediction model that is established based on the blood routine test indexes by machine learning algorithm can pre-dict the bacterial bloodstream infection.Meanwhile,the feature selection strategy can further improve the predic-tive efficiency of the model on basis of lowering the dimensionality.

Panax ginseng, a perennial herbaceous plant and a representative of the Panax genus, is renowned for its exceptional medicinal value and economic benefits, often referred to as the “King of Herbs.” With the increasing market demand and the limited availability of suitable cultivation land, the issue of continuous cropping obstacles for P. ginseng has become increasingly prominent, directly hindering the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. This article summarizes the concept and hazards of continuous cropping obstacles and, drawing on the latest research, provides an in-depth analysis of the causes and response mechanisms. This work aims to establish a solid foundation for future research into the mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in P. ginseng.

Panax ginseng, a perennial herbaceous plant and a representative of the Panax genus, is renowned for its exceptional medicinal value and economic benefits, often referred to as the “King of Herbs.” With the increasing market demand and the limited availability of suitable cultivation land, the issue of continuous cropping obstacles for P. ginseng has become increasingly prominent, directly hindering the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. This article summarizes the concept and hazards of continuous cropping obstacles and, drawing on the latest research, provides an in-depth analysis of the causes and response mechanisms. This work aims to establish a solid foundation for future research into the mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in P. ginseng.

Panax ginseng, a perennial herbaceous plant and a representative of the Panax genus, is renowned for its exceptional medicinal value and economic benefits, often referred to as the “King of Herbs.” With the increasing market demand and the limited availability of suitable cultivation land, the issue of continuous cropping obstacles for P. ginseng has become increasingly prominent, directly hindering the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. This article summarizes the concept and hazards of continuous cropping obstacles and, drawing on the latest research, provides an in-depth analysis of the causes and response mechanisms. This work aims to establish a solid foundation for future research into the mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in P. ginseng.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.