Objective To investigate the effect of angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and AngII receptor (ATR) gene polymorphisms combined with climatic factors on the incidence of essential hypertension (EH) in Tibetan population in Gannan area. Methods A follow-up study was conducted to select 671 Tibetan people in Gannan area who were physically examined in April 2019 at the Health Management Center of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University and agreed to be enrolled as a fixed cohort, and the blood pressure values of the enrolled subjects were measured after 3.5 years of follow-up, and a total of 501 cases were obtained. At the same time, the peripheral blood of all subjects was collected and the polymorphisms of AGT, ACE and ATR genes were detected by gene chip technology, and the possible interactions were analyzed by logistic regression model, fork generation method and multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR). Results Sunshine time was a protective factor for the incidence of hypertension in the Tibetan population of Gannan (OR=0.781), while relative humidity (OR=1.182), air pressure (OR=1.338) and temperature (OR=1.449) were the risk factors for the incidence of hypertension. According to the results of partial correlation analysis, temperature had no effect on the incidence of hypertension after controlling air pressure. There was an additive interaction between high air pressure and the polymorphisms of rs699 (OR=1.650, 95%CI: 1.293-2.399, P<0.001) and rs5049 (OR=1.711, 95%CI: 1.337-4.920, P<0.001) genes of AGT gene; there was a multiplicative interaction between relative humidity and rs699 (OR=0.472, 95%CI: 0.120-0.783, P<0.05);there was a multiplicative interactions between the altitude ≥ 3000m and rs699 (OR=1.503, 95%CI: 1.220-3.174, P<0.01), rs5049 (OR=1.673, 95%CI: 1.380-3.961, P<0.001) or rs2148582 (OR=0.519, 95%CI: 0.284-0.716, P<0.05).However, there was no interaction between climatic factors and ACE or ATR gene polymorphisms on the incidence of hypertension. Conclusion Climatic factors and altitude ≥3 000 m are closely related to the incidence of hypertension in the Tibetan population of Gannan area, and the interaction between AGT gene polymorphisms and climatic factors affects the incidence of hypertension in the population of this area.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanism of Shuangshu Decoction (SSD) for inhibiting growth of gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice. METHODS: Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify the common targets of SSD and gastric cancer cell ferroptosis, and bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking were used to validate the core targets. In the cell experiment, AGS cells were treated with SSD-medicated serum, Fer-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor), or both, and the changes in cell viability, ferroptosis markers (ROS, Fe²⁺ and GSH), expressions of P53, SLC7A11 and GPX4, and mitochondrial morphology were examined. In a nude mouse model bearing gastric cancer xenografts, the effects of gavage with SSD, intraperitoneal injection of Fer-1, or their combination on tumor volume/weight, histopathology, and expressions of P53, SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels were evaluated. RESULTS: The active components in SSD (quercetin and wogonin) showed strong binding affinities to P53. In AGS cells, SSD treatment dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation, increased ROS and Fe²⁺ levels, upregulated P53 expression, and downregulated the expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4, but these effects were effectively attenuated by Fer-1 treatment. SSD also induced mitochondrial shrinkage and increased the membrane density, which were alleviated by Fer-1. In the tumor-bearing mouse models, gavage with SSD significantly reduced tumor size and weight, caused tumor cell necrosis, upregulated P53 and downregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression in the tumor tissue, and these effects were obviously mitigated by Fer-1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS SSD inhibits gastric cancer growth in nude mice by inducing cell ferroptosis via the P53/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis.
Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Animals ; Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism* ; Mice, Nude ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Amino Acid Transport System y+/metabolism* ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective:To validate the accuracy of three-dimensional anatomical models reconstructed from cone beam CT (CBCT) using micro-CT as the gold standard, and to evaluate the feasibility of performing anatomical analyses on such models.Methods:A total of 13 isolated deciduous teeth with intact roots were collected, including 5 anterior teeth and 8 molars, with a total of 34 root canals. The teeth were extracted from children aged 3-9 years who visited Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to April 2022 due to trauma or periapical disease, and were then scanned by micro-CT (with a voxel size of 0.018 mm) and CBCT (with a voxel size of 0.125 mm), respectively. Using a threshold-based semi-automated region segmentation method, anatomical models of these isolated teeth were reconstructed from the two CTs. Subsequently, the two CT reconstructed models were registered based on the iterative closest point algorithm, followed by deviation analysis. The key anatomical parameters were measured on the micro-CT and CBCT models, respectively, and the differences were calculated.Results:The CBCT reconstruction models were relatively accurate in the hard tissue morphology, and 97.1% (33/34) of the root canals were identified accurately. When it comes to the deviation analysis, the average distance between the matched points on the CBCT reconstruction models and the micro-CT models was (0.01±0.03) mm for the hard tissue, and (0.00±0.03) mm for the pulp chambers and canals, which did not affect clinical observation. The hard tissue and root canal length of CBCT models were both smaller than those of micro-CT models ( P<0.05), with a 95% limits of agreement of (-0.70, 0.14) mm for the hard tissue, and a 95% limits of agreement of (-1.93, 1.00) mm for the pulp chambers and canals. The impact of these differences on clinical operations was all within the acceptable range. Conclusions:Using micro-CT as a validate standard, CBCT with a voxel size of 0.125 mm was proved to be an effective tool for the reconstruction of deciduous teeth. Therefore, the reconstructed models were appropriate for studying deciduous teeth anatomy.

[Objective]To explore the background of the creation of the Yijian Fang series of works from the perspective of the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty,in order to enrich and improve the research on the Yijian Fang series of works.[Methods]By sorting out the development of the Yijian Fang series of works,this paper analyzes the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty from the perspectives of tombs,diet,clothing,and literature,and explores the intrinsic connection between the Yijian Fang series of works and the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty,thereby supplementing and improving the background of the creation of the Yijian Fang series of works.[Results]As the mainstream reference of prescriptions in the Southern Song Dynasty during the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the Yijian Fang series of works is a group of medical books that focus on the reform and simplification of prescriptions to better fit clinical practice.Its origin can be traced back to CHEN Yan's Sanyin Jiyi Bingzheng Fanglun,and it was eventually abandoned and forgotten by the times due to ZHU Danxi's systematic criticism of Hejiju Fang.One of the major characteristics of the Song Dynasty compared to the Han and Tang Dynasties was the advocacy of frugality and simplicity,which was reflected in many aspects such as tombs,diet,clothing and literature.Benefiting from the overall trend of simplicity in society,the medical field in the Song Dynasty integrated and reformed the vast number of prescriptions and medicines from the Han and Tang Dynasties,thus giving birth to the Yijian Fang series of works.The Yijian Fang series of works is the result of the influence of the simple trend in the Song Dynasty on the medical field,and it is the active response of folk doctors in the Southern Song Dynasty to the trend of"simplification"in medical books.[Conclusion]Exploring the background of the creation of the Yijian Fang series of works from the perspective of the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty not only directly supplements and improves the research on the Yijian Fang series of works,but also demonstrates the potential role of social ideology and culture in the development of medicine.At the same time,it also has enlightening significance for the exploration of the source and background of the thoughts of other medical practitioners in the Song Dynasty.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Shuangshu Decoction(SSD)for inhibiting growth of gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice.Methods Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify the common targets of SSD and gastric cancer cell ferroptosis,and bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking were used to validate the core targets.In the cell experiment,AGS cells were treated with SSD-medicated serum,Fer-1(a ferroptosis inhibitor),or both,and the changes in cell viability,ferroptosis markers(ROS,Fe2+and GSH),expressions of P53,SLC7A11 and GPX4,and mitochondrial morphology were examined.In a nude mouse model bearing gastric cancer xenografts,the effects of gavage with SSD,intraperitoneal injection of Fer-1,or their combination on tumor volume/weight,histopathology,and expressions of P53,SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels were evaluated.Results The active components in SSD(quercetin and wogonin)showed strong binding affinities to P53.In AGS cells,SSD treatment dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation,increased ROS and Fe2+levels,upregulated P53 expression,and downregulated the expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4,but these effects were effectively attenuated by Fer-1 treatment.SSD also induced mitochondrial shrinkage and increased the membrane density,which were alleviated by Fer-1.In the tumor-bearing mouse models,gavage with SSD significantly reduced tumor size and weight,caused tumor cell necrosis,upregulated P53 and downregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression in the tumor tissue,and these effects were obviously mitigated by Fer-1 treatment.Conclusion SSD inhibits gastric cancer growth in nude mice by inducing cell ferroptosis via the P53/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis.

Objective:To validate the accuracy of three-dimensional anatomical models reconstructed from cone beam CT (CBCT) using micro-CT as the gold standard, and to evaluate the feasibility of performing anatomical analyses on such models.Methods:A total of 13 isolated deciduous teeth with intact roots were collected, including 5 anterior teeth and 8 molars, with a total of 34 root canals. The teeth were extracted from children aged 3-9 years who visited Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to April 2022 due to trauma or periapical disease, and were then scanned by micro-CT (with a voxel size of 0.018 mm) and CBCT (with a voxel size of 0.125 mm), respectively. Using a threshold-based semi-automated region segmentation method, anatomical models of these isolated teeth were reconstructed from the two CTs. Subsequently, the two CT reconstructed models were registered based on the iterative closest point algorithm, followed by deviation analysis. The key anatomical parameters were measured on the micro-CT and CBCT models, respectively, and the differences were calculated.Results:The CBCT reconstruction models were relatively accurate in the hard tissue morphology, and 97.1% (33/34) of the root canals were identified accurately. When it comes to the deviation analysis, the average distance between the matched points on the CBCT reconstruction models and the micro-CT models was (0.01±0.03) mm for the hard tissue, and (0.00±0.03) mm for the pulp chambers and canals, which did not affect clinical observation. The hard tissue and root canal length of CBCT models were both smaller than those of micro-CT models ( P<0.05), with a 95% limits of agreement of (-0.70, 0.14) mm for the hard tissue, and a 95% limits of agreement of (-1.93, 1.00) mm for the pulp chambers and canals. The impact of these differences on clinical operations was all within the acceptable range. Conclusions:Using micro-CT as a validate standard, CBCT with a voxel size of 0.125 mm was proved to be an effective tool for the reconstruction of deciduous teeth. Therefore, the reconstructed models were appropriate for studying deciduous teeth anatomy.

[Objective]To explore the background of the creation of the Yijian Fang series of works from the perspective of the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty,in order to enrich and improve the research on the Yijian Fang series of works.[Methods]By sorting out the development of the Yijian Fang series of works,this paper analyzes the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty from the perspectives of tombs,diet,clothing,and literature,and explores the intrinsic connection between the Yijian Fang series of works and the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty,thereby supplementing and improving the background of the creation of the Yijian Fang series of works.[Results]As the mainstream reference of prescriptions in the Southern Song Dynasty during the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the Yijian Fang series of works is a group of medical books that focus on the reform and simplification of prescriptions to better fit clinical practice.Its origin can be traced back to CHEN Yan's Sanyin Jiyi Bingzheng Fanglun,and it was eventually abandoned and forgotten by the times due to ZHU Danxi's systematic criticism of Hejiju Fang.One of the major characteristics of the Song Dynasty compared to the Han and Tang Dynasties was the advocacy of frugality and simplicity,which was reflected in many aspects such as tombs,diet,clothing and literature.Benefiting from the overall trend of simplicity in society,the medical field in the Song Dynasty integrated and reformed the vast number of prescriptions and medicines from the Han and Tang Dynasties,thus giving birth to the Yijian Fang series of works.The Yijian Fang series of works is the result of the influence of the simple trend in the Song Dynasty on the medical field,and it is the active response of folk doctors in the Southern Song Dynasty to the trend of"simplification"in medical books.[Conclusion]Exploring the background of the creation of the Yijian Fang series of works from the perspective of the simple and frugal social atmosphere in the Song Dynasty not only directly supplements and improves the research on the Yijian Fang series of works,but also demonstrates the potential role of social ideology and culture in the development of medicine.At the same time,it also has enlightening significance for the exploration of the source and background of the thoughts of other medical practitioners in the Song Dynasty.

Esophageal cancer is an upper gastrointestinal malignancy with a bleak prognosis.It is still being explored in depth due to its complex molecular mechanisms of occurrence and development.Lipids play a crucial role in cells by participating in energy supply,biofilm formation,and signal transduction pro-cesses,and lipid metabolic reprogramming also constitutes a significant characteristic of malignant tu-mors.More and more studies have found esophageal cancer has obvious lipid metabolism abnormalities throughout its beginning,progress,and treatment resistance.The inhibition of tumor growth and the enhancement of antitumor therapy efficacy can be achieved through the regulation of lipid metabolism.Therefore,we reviewed and analyzed the research results and latest findings for lipid metabolism and associated analysis techniques in esophageal cancer,and comprehensively proved the value of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the evolution and treatment resistance of esophageal cancer,as well as its significance in exploring potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)is known to modulate the expression of genes related to cell transformation,proliferation,and survival,making it a significant target for cancer therapy.Recent research has also highlighted the crucial involvement of aberrant STAT3 activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Accordingly,this article focuses on the therapeutic potential of targeting STAT3 in DKD.The structure of STAT3,its mechanisms of activity regulation,mechanisms of abnormal STAT3 activation in DKD,and a summary of the current research is provided.The review aims provide a reference for research into the pathogenesis of DKD and the development of new drugs.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of uric acid(UA)in regulating the larval growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster.Methods A total of 1350 newly hatched first-instar larvae of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster(W11 18)were collected,and the Drosophila melanogaster model of hyperurice-mia was constructed with a high purine diet.The larvae were assigned into three groups(n=150):control(stand-ard corn meal medium),low-dose adenine(corn meal medium containing 0.05％adenine),and high-dose ad-enine(corn meal medium containing 0.10％adenine),and two parallel groups were set up.The growth and de-velopment of larvae in each group was observed,and the UA and hormone levels were measured.In addition,the expression levels of genes involved in growth and development were determined.Results Compared with the con-trol group,the low-and high-dose adenine groups showed elevated UA levels(both P＜0.001)and prolonged de-velopmental period(P=0.024,P＜0.001).The high-dose adenine group showed decreased survival rate,pupa-tion rate,and eclosion rate and elevated levels of juvenile hormone(JH)and 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)(all P＜0.001).The PCR results showed that compared with the control group,high-dose adenine upregulated the mRNA levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),forkhead box O(FOXO),and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)while downregulating the mRNA levels of Sestrin,mTOR complex 1(mTORC1),and AMP-activated protein kinase(all P＜0.001).Conclusion High concentrations of UA may promote the expression of ROS/FOXO/mTORC1/mTOR signaling pathway by regulating the levels of JH and 20E,thereby inhibiting the larval growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster.