Objective This study aims to explore the complex relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older adults in China,focusing particularly on the moderating role of marital status. Methods This study used data from the latest Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).The analysis used the latent class analysis to delineate personality clusters and hierarchical linear regression,supplemented by the PROCESS macro,to investigate the effects of social engagement and marital status on depressive symptoms. Results The analysis encompassed 7,789 respondents(mean age:82.53[s=11.20]years),with 54%female.The personality analysis categorized participants into four clusters,with the majority(77.60%)classified as Confident Idealists,who exhibited the lowest levels of depressive symptoms.Hierarchical linear regression analysis yielded several significant findings:Higher levels of social engagement were significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms(t=-7.932,P<0.001,B=-0.463).Marital status was a significant factor;married individuals reported fewer depressive symptoms compared to their unmarried counterparts(t=-6.368,P<0.001,B=-0.750).There was a significant moderating effect of marital status on the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms(t=-2.092,P=0.037,B=-0.217). Conclusion This study demonstrates that,among Chinese older adults,both social engagement and marital status significantly influence depressive symptoms.Higher social engagement,particularly in other activities like doing household chores,gardening,reading newspapers or books,and playing cards or Mahjong,is associated with fewer depressive symptoms,especially among married individuals.

【Objective】 M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor(M3 receptor), encoded by CHRM3 gene, is widely distributed in the cardiovascular system and plays an important role in cardiac regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the association of genetic variants in M3 receptor with blood pressure(BP) responses to controlled dietary sodium and potassium interventions. 【Methods】 A total of 333 subjects from 124 families were recruited from the rural areas of northern China. After a three-day baseline observation, they were sequentially on a seven-day low-salt diet, a seven-day high-salt diet, and a seven-day high-salt diet plus potassium supplementation. Thirteen CHRM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected for analysis. 【Results】 SNP rs10802811 of the CHRM3 was significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to both low-salt and high-salt diets while SNPs rs6429147, rs373288072, rs114677844 and rs663148 showed significant associations with systolic BP(SBP) and MAP responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNP rs6692904 was significantly associated with SBP, DBP and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Genetic variants in M3 receptor are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intervention, suggesting that M3 receptor may be mechanistically involved in BP salt and potassium sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the risk factors for the recurrence of ischemic stroke after secondary prevention ，and to observe the effect of glutathione on 4-HNE. METHODS ：Totally 97 patients with ischemic stroke relapse within one year were treated from Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2019 in 3 hospitals as the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University due to cerebral thrombosis or cerebral embolism as observation group ，and 97 non-recurrence patients in the same period were paired as control group. The patients in the observation group were randomly divided into conventional treatment group （49 cases）and drug intervention group （48 cases）. The patients in conventional treatment group received routine treatment such as cerebral blood flow recanalization， improving circulation ， controlling blood pressure ， maintaining blood glucose ， treating hyperlipidemia and arrhythmia during hospitalization. Drug intervention group was additionally given Glutathione for injection 1.8 g intragastrically ， once a day ，on the basis of conventional treatment group. 4-HNE concentrations in plasma were determined at admission and 14 days after treatment ，the genetic type of ALDH2 and type of TAST were determined at admission. Multiple liner regression was used to analyze the factors associated with 4-HNE increasing ； conditional Logistic analysis was used to identify independent risk factors resulting to ischem ic stroke recurrence after secondary prevention. RESULTS ：The plasma concentration of 4-HNE at admission and the percentage of arte ry atherosclerosis patients in observation group were significantly higher than control group（P＜0.05）. The distribution of each ALDH2 genotype in 2 groups complied with Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium （P＞ 0.05）. The proportion of patients carrying ALDH2*2 allele in observation group （50.50％）was significantly higher than control group（36.08％）（P＜0.05）. ALDH2*2 allele [ B＝2.33，95％CI（1.35，5.50），P＝0.03] and artery atherosclerosis [ B＝1.90，95％CI （1.29，3.74），P＝0.04] were significantly associated with the elevation of plasma concentration of 4-HNE；artery atherosclerosis [OR＝ 2.93，95％CI（1.84，4.67），P＜0.01]，stroke family history [OR ＝1.50，95％CI（1.18，1.90），P＝0.04]，elevated plasma concentration of 4-HNE [OR ＝1.34，95％CI（1.11，1.62），P＝0.04] were regarded as independent risk factors associating with ischemic stroke recurrence after secondary prevention. After intervention ，plasma concentration of 4-HNE in drug intervention group and conventional treatment group was significantly lower than before intervention （P＜0.05）；there was no statistical significance between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Stroke family history ，artery atherosclerosis and the elevation plasma concentration of 4-HNE are independent risk factors associating with ischemic stroke recurrence after secondary prevention. Although drug intervention can reduce the elevated plasma concentration of 4-HNE，the effect of additional use of glutathione is not more significant than that of conventional treatment.

Objective:This study aims to understand the anxiety and depressive symptoms among the front-line medical staff against the COVID-19 and the related factors.Methods:130 front-line medical staff from Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of science and technology were assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) scale, and the simple self-designed questionnaire (including 8 factors related to anxiety and depressive symptoms). The prevalence of anxiety and depression of different participants according to demographic characteristics were compared with χ 2 test. The association between depression/anxiety and impact factors was analyzed using the Pearson correlation method. Results:48 people had anxiety and depressive symptoms, accounting for 36.9%（48/130） of the total sample. 41 people had anxiety symptoms, accounting for 31.8% (41/130) of the total sample. 36 people had depressive symptoms, accounting for 27.7% (36/130) of the total sample. Gender, age, marital status, education level, occupation, professional title, department, and duration of taking part in the fight against the COVID-19 had no correlation with the prevalence of anxiety. Gender, age, marital status, occupation, professional title, department, and duration of taking part in the fight against the COVID-19 had no correlation with the prevalence of depression, however education level had correlation with the prevalence of depression (χ2=5.220， P=0.034). Disease factor, work factor, time factor, and safety factor were all related to anxiety and depression. The proportion of management factors in the anxiety group was significantly higher than that in the group without anxiety (χ2=13.578， P<0.01). The proportion of other factors in the group without anxiety was significantly higher than that in the group with anxiety(χ2=6.229， P=0.012). The severity of anxiety and depression was positively correlated with disease factor, work factor, time factor, safety factor, and management factor, and negatively correlated with other factors ( r=-0.287， P<0.05). Conclusion:There were anxiety and depressive symptoms in front-line medical staff against COVID-19, which was significantly related to the characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic. It is necessary to carry out psychological intervention for this population.

Objective:This study aims to understand the anxiety and depressive symptoms among the front-line medical staff against the COVID-19 and the related factors.Methods:130 front-line medical staff from Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of science and technology were assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) scale, and the simple self-designed questionnaire (including 8 factors related to anxiety and depressive symptoms). The prevalence of anxiety and depression of different participants according to demographic characteristics were compared with χ 2 test. The association between depression/anxiety and impact factors was analyzed using the Pearson correlation method. Results:48 people had anxiety and depressive symptoms, accounting for 36.9%（48/130） of the total sample. 41 people had anxiety symptoms, accounting for 31.8% (41/130) of the total sample. 36 people had depressive symptoms, accounting for 27.7% (36/130) of the total sample. Gender, age, marital status, education level, occupation, professional title, department, and duration of taking part in the fight against the COVID-19 had no correlation with the prevalence of anxiety. Gender, age, marital status, occupation, professional title, department, and duration of taking part in the fight against the COVID-19 had no correlation with the prevalence of depression, however education level had correlation with the prevalence of depression (χ2=5.220， P=0.034). Disease factor, work factor, time factor, and safety factor were all related to anxiety and depression. The proportion of management factors in the anxiety group was significantly higher than that in the group without anxiety (χ2=13.578， P<0.01). The proportion of other factors in the group without anxiety was significantly higher than that in the group with anxiety(χ2=6.229， P=0.012). The severity of anxiety and depression was positively correlated with disease factor, work factor, time factor, safety factor, and management factor, and negatively correlated with other factors ( r=-0.287， P<0.05). Conclusion:There were anxiety and depressive symptoms in front-line medical staff against COVID-19, which was significantly related to the characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic. It is necessary to carry out psychological intervention for this population.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of artemin in skin around the inci-sion during remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in the rats with incisional pain. Methods Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 250-280 g, were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), incisional pain group (group I), remifen-tanil group (group R) and incisional pain plus remifentanil group (group I+R). Remifentanil was intrave-nously infused for 60 min at a rate of 1 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 in group R. In group I, the model of incisional pain was established, and the equal volume of normal saline was infused for 60 min via the tail vein at the same time. In group I+R, the model of incisional pain was established, and remifentanil was infused for 60 min via the tail vein at a rate of 1 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 at the same time. The equal volume of normal saline was infused for 60 min via the tail vein in group C. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and ther-mal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 24 h before infusion of remifentanil or normal saline and 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after the end of infusion (T0-4 ). Rats were sacrificed following the last measurement of pain threshold, and ipsilateral plantar skin was removed for detection of the expression of artemin protein and mRNA (by fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot). Results Compared with group C, MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shorten at T1-4 , and the expression of artemin protein and mRNA in plantar skin was up-regulated in R, I and I+R groups (P<0. 01). Compared with R and I groups, MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shorten at T1-4 , and the ex-pression of artemin protein and mRNA in plantar skin was up-regulated in group I+R (P<0. 01). Conclu-sion The peripheral mechanism by which remifentanil induces hyperalgesia may be related to up-regulated expression of artemin in skin around the incision in the rats with incisional pain.

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCRS) in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats with incisional pain.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 240-260 g,aged 2-3 months,in which intrathecal and caudal catheters were successfully implanted,were divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),CCR5 antagonist maraviroc group (group M),remifentanil plus incisional pain group (group R + I) and maraviroc plus remifentanil plus incisional pain group (group M + R + I).Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 10 μl was intrathecally injected and normal saline was infused for 60 rnin at 1 μg · kg-1 · min-1 via the caudal vein in group C.Maraviroc 100 pmol (in 10 μl of PBS) was intrathecally injected and normal saline was infused for 60 min at 1 μg · kg-1 · min-1 via the caudal vein in group M.PBS 10 μl was intrathecally injected,then the model of incisional pain was established,and remifentanil 1 μg · kg-1 · min-1 was infused for 60 min via the caudal vein in group R+I.Maraviroc 100 pmol (in 10 μl of PBS) was intrathecally injected,then the model of incisional pain was established,and remifentanil 1 μg · kg-1 · min-1 was infused for 60 min via the caudal vein in group M+R+I.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 24 h before infusion of remifentanil or normal saline (T0) and 2,6,24 and 48 h after stopping infusion (T1-4).The rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain threshold,and L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calciumbinding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T1-4,and the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 in the spinal cord was up-regulated in R+I and M+R+I groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group M (P＞0.05).Compared with group R+I,the MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T1-4,and the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 in the spinal cord was down-regulated in group M+R+I (P＜0.05).Conclusion Spinal CCR5 is involved in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in the rats with incisional pain,and the mechanism may be related to activating astrocytes and microglias.

Objective To evaluate the role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family re-ceptor alpha3(GFRα3)in the expression and membrane trafficking of transient receptor potential melasta-tin 8(TRPM8)in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG)during cold hyperalgesia in rats with neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Thirty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 250-280 g, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted, were divided into 4 groups(n=8 each) using a random number table: sham operation plus GFRα3 dsRNA group(Sham+dsRNA group), sham operation plus GFRα3 siRNA group(group Sham+siRNA), NP plus GFRα3 dsRNA group(group NP+dsRNA)and NP plus GFRα3 siRNA group(group NP+siRNA). NP was produced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve. At 10-30 days after operation, GFRα3 dsRNA 10 μg∕20 μl was intrathecally injected once a day for 4 consecutive days in Sham+dsRNA and NP+dsRNA groups, and 10 μg∕20 μl GFRα3 siRNA, of which the sense strand was modified with 2′-O-methyl and 5′-cholesterol, was intrathe-cally injected once a day for 4 consecutive days in Sham+siRNA and NP+siRNA groups. The number of paw lifts on the cold plate, mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL)were measured on 1 day before operation and 10, 11, 12, 13(before intrathecal injection)and 14 days after operation. The rats were sacrificed after the last behavioral testing, and ipsilateral DRGs of the lumbar segment(L4-6)were dissected for detection of the expression of GFRα3 and TRPM8 in total and membrane proteins by Western blot, and the ratio of TRPM8 expression in the membrane protein to that in the total protein(m∕t ratio)was calculated. Results Compared with group Sham+dsRNA, the number of paw lifts on the cold plate was significantly increased, the MWT was decreased, and TWL was shortened after operation in NP+dsRNA and NP+siRNA groups, the expression of GFRα3 and TRPM8 in total and membrane proteins was significantly up-regulated, and m∕t ratio was increased in group NP+dsRNA, and the expression of GFRα3 in DRGs was significantly down-regulated(P<001), and no significant change was found in the expression of TRPM8 in total and membrane proteins or m∕t ratio in group NP+siRNA(P>005). Compared with group NP+dsRNA, the number of paw lifts on the cold plate was significantly de-creased, the expression of GFRα3 and TRPM8 in total and membrane proteins was down-regulated, m∕t ra-tio was decreased(P<001), and no significant change was found in MWT or TWL in group NP+siRNA (P>005). Conclusion GFRα3 in DRGs can up-regulate the expression of TRPM8 and enhance the membrane trafficking of TRPM8, which may be involved in the maintenance mechanism of cold hyperalgesia in rats with NP.

Objective:To explore the abortion effect and mechanism induced by Chinese herbal medicine rhubarb extract.Methods:The pregnant mice at day 3 of gestation were Drenched by Aqueous extract of rhubarb at different doses (7,5,2.5 g/kg)once per day for five days,and mices in control group were oral administration of same volume of saline.All mices at 12 day of gestation were sacrificed.estradiol and progesterone levels in serum were detected by Radioimmunoassay;Content of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-αin uterine lysates were measured by ELISA, macrophages in endometrium were determined by immunohistochemical method, mast cells in endometrium were tested by Toluidine blue staining, respectively.Results: showed as follows:With increasing dose of rhubarb extract,abortion rate and resorption rate were gradually increased and was 100%abortion in 7g/kg treatment groups.Estrogen and progesterone content showed a downward trend,IFN-γ,IL-2 and TNF-αin uterine lysates and the numbers of macrophages and mast cells were significantly higher in mices Drenched by Aqueous extract of rhubarb than in the control.Conclusion: These results show that rhubarb extract not only interfere stability of pregnancy state in pregnant mices because of its diarrhea,but also can directly affect endometrial environment in early embryonic mice,Resulting in abortion.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the determination of paraquat in human plasma,and to provide experimen-tal evidence for the therapy and prognosis of paraquat-poisoned patients. METHODS:The human plasma samples were processed using Waters Oasis solid phase extraction column. HPLC determination was performed on DiamonsilTM C18 chromatographic column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer(containing 80 mmol/L sodium heptanesulfonate,pH adjusted to 3.0 by triethylamine)-acetonitrile (82∶18,V/V) at the flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 258 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of paraquat were 20-5 000 ng/ ml;RSDs of inter-day and intra-day both were lower than 9%;average extraction recoveries were 90.72%-96.34%,and average method recoveries were 100.32%-103.10%. CONCLUSIONS:The solid phase ex-traction HPLC can determine the content of paraquat in human plasma rapidly and accurately.