Objective: To verify the inhibitory effect of a carbon monoxide hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (CO-HBOC) on the fibrotic process in mice with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), clarify its efficacy difference compared with hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), and elucidate its mechanism of action via proteomic analysis. Methods: CO-HBOC was prepared using gas loading technology. An IPF mouse model was established and the mice were randomly divided into a normal saline control group, an HBOC treatment group, and a CO-HBOC treatment group. The fibrotic area percentage was analyzed using Micro-CT; the degree of inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in lung tissue was assessed by pathological section staining (e.g., HE and Masson staining); and differentially expressed proteins in lung tissue of IPF mice after CO-HBOC treatment were screened using proteomic technology. Results: Micro-CT results showed that the mean fibrotic area percentage in the CO-HBOC treatment group on day 21 was (8.89±0.98)%, which was better than that of the HBOC group (16.5±1.732)% and the normal saline group (30.75±6.45)% (P<0.05). HE and Masson staining results showed that the CO-HBOC group had reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and significantly decreased collagen fiber deposition in lung tissue, with a mean pathological score of 3.33±0.58, which was lower than that of the normal saline control group (8.33±1.53)(P<0.05); the mean collagen-positive area percentage was (3.33±1.53)%, significantly lower than that of the normal saline control group (14.00±3.61)% (P<0.05). Proteomic analysis identified 330 differentially expressed proteins, which were mainly enriched in inflammatory response regulatory pathways (such as the complement and coagulation cascades), and the expression changes of complement proteins may be the core target of CO-HBOC's anti-fibrotic effects. Conclusion: CO-HBOC can inhibit inflammatory responses and regulate fibrosis-related signaling pathways, there-by effectively inhibiting the fibrotic process in IPF mice, with superior efficacy to HBOC. Its mechanism of action involves the regulation of complement cascade-related signaling pathways and complement protein expression, providing an experimental and theoretical basis for targeted therapy of IPF.

Objective: To enhance the ability of nanoparticles to target and bind tumor cells by constructing a neutrophil hitchhiking system based on hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified dual-drug loaded lipid nanoparticles. Methods: Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared using microfluidic technology, and the nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) ratio, flow rate ratio, and drug-to-lipid ratio were optimized. HA-modified LNPs (HA-LNPs) were prepared and characterized. The interaction between the nanoparticles and tumor cells was evaluated through in vitro cell experiments. Results: The optimal preparation conditions for LNPs are N/P=8, flow rate ratio=5, and drug-to-lipid ratio=1∶30 (w∶w). HA-LNPs has a particle size of (177.28±2.41) nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.198±0.10, and an siRNA encapsulation efficiency of (91.37±0.47)%. The optimal binding rate with neutrophils was (98.64±2.34)%. Conclusion: An HA-modified dual-drug loaded lipid nanoparticle-neutrophil hitchhiking system was successfully constructed, enhancing the synergistic anti-tumor activity of the nanomedicine and the uptake of nanoparticles by tumor cells, providing a novel delivery strategy for targeted therapy of bone marrow tumors.

Objective: To prepare the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs on tumors and inhibit tumor metastasis. Methods: This study prepared and characterized paclitaxel (PTX)-plerixafor (AMD3100) liposomes (Lips), developed the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system, and evaluated its targeting efficiency and therapeutic efficacy through a series of in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments. Results: The particle size of PTX-AMD-Lips was (186.4±0.83) nm. Drug encapsulation efficiency of PTX-AMD-Lips was (75.50±5.27)% for PTX and (88.31±2.45)% for AMD. The Binding efficiency between RBC and liposomes in the drug delivery system was (69.93±2.55)%. Vitro cellular experiments revealed that PTX-AMD-Lips significantly inhibited tumor cell migration. In vivo animal experiments, the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system significantly increased drug accumulation in the lungs. At the experimental endpoint, the quantitative fluorescence signal of tumor size measured (4.04±0.44)×10 for the PTX-Lips group, and (5.14±3.40)×10 for the RBC-PTX-AMD-Lips group. Conclusion: The erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system could enhance the lung-specific targeting capability of liposomes, kill tumor cells and suppress further metastasis effectively.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that probiotics have a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on peri-implantitis,and there are further explorations in the mechanism against peri-implantitis.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism and clinical application of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis.METHODS:Relevant literature was searched on PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang Data,using the search terms of"probiotics,peri-implantitis,flora imbalance,immunoregulation,inflammatory reaction,mechanism of action"in Chinese and English.A total of 90 articles were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Probiotics have the following mechanisms.They can activate the anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors.They can destroy the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria by secreting microbial complexes and bacteriocins,reduce the pH value of biofilms,improve the composition of microorganisms in microecology,induce the change of bacterial community structure,and restore the balance of microbial population around implants.They have immunomodulatory effects and can enhance the resistance of the host oral mucosa to pathogenic bacteria in the surrounding area of the implant.In addition,probiotics can produce antibacterial compounds,offset the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms,and regulate immune function.Through the above mechanisms,probiotics have certain potential in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis,which can improve the clinical parameters of peri-implantitis and affect the microbiota.Probiotic therapy provides a new treatment option,but more long-term prospective studies are needed to further verify its effect.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and maintenance effects of digital psychological therapies on depressive symptoms among adolescents, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods: Randomized controlled trial(RCT) investigating digital psychological therapies to improve depressive symptoms among adolescents were searched across databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP database, and SinoMed, from database inception to November 20, 2025. Following literature screening, quality assessment, and data extraction, a Meta analysis was performed using Stata 18.0 software. Results: A total of 20 studies involving 2 042 adolescents aged 11-19 were included. The Meta analysis revealed that digital psychological therapies significantly alleviated depressive symptoms in adolescents ( SMD =-0.59, 95% CI =-0.85 to -0.32, P <0.01). The therapeutic effect was sustained at long term follow up ( SMD =-0.21, 95% CI =-0.34 to -0.09, P <0.01). Furthermore, depression scores in the intervention group showed a continued decrease from post intervention to long term follow up ( SMD =-0.28, 95% CI =-0.41 to -0.14, P <0.01). Egger s linear regression test indicated possible publication bias (Kendall s tall=0.28, P <0.01). Conclusions Digital psychological therapies can effectively improve depressive symptoms among adolescents, with stable long term efficacy. However, current evidence remains limited and exhibits substantial heterogeneity. Therefore, further large sample, high quality RCTs are warranted to validate the effectiveness of this intervention.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of quality management in clinical pharmacist training bases in China， and to provide references for the standardized development and improvement of these bases. METHODS A combined approach of questionnaire survey and on-site investigation was adopted， targeting the healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases in 31 provinces of China as well as the clinical pharmacist training bases affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association. A training quality management evaluation index system consisting of 25 tertiary indicators was established. Investigations were conducted from two dimensions： structural quality of training and quality management of training processes. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS On-site investigations were completed for 297 clinical pharmacist training bases across the 31 provinces， among which 284 were affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association and 271 were healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases. In terms of structural quality， the core indicator compliance rate for hospital-level training systems exceeded 80%， the rate of special fund utilization for designated purposes reached 80.13%， and the overall compliance rate for software and hardware facilities surpassed 88%. A total of 1 348 preceptors were employed across the training bases， among whom those with senior professional titles and full-time specialist clinical pharmacists as lead preceptors accounted for 62.91% and 94.36%， respectively. Regarding process quality， the compliance rate for “establishment of clinical practice teaching groups in accordance with regulations during clinical department rotations” was 85.19%， and 79.80% and 76.09% of the bases were found to implement strict confidentiality in theoretical examinations and meet the required scale of assessment cases， respectively. However， formal documents of corresponding training management regulations were formulated in only 57.91% of the bases， and the completeness and standardization rate of training manual completion was merely 47.47%. In addition， considerable disparities in quality management levels were observed among provinces， with issues in training process quality being particularly prominent. CONCLUSIONS The management system， hardware facilities， and preceptor staffing of clinical pharmacist training bases in China are relatively well-established， yet notable variations in quality management exist among training bases across different provinces.

Objective To explore the method for establishing a pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model. Methods A total of 4 male Yorkshire pigs weighing (40.0±2.5) kg underwent surgical procedures, including anesthesia, tracheal intubation, donor lung procurement, and recipient lung transplantation. Histological morphology and blood gas analysis of the transplanted lungs were assessed 2 hours after reperfusion to evaluate the histological changes and function of the transplanted lungs. Results The pigs underwent left lung in situ transplantation, effectively simulating conditions relevant to human lung transplantation. Two hours after the transplantation, arterial blood gas analysis showed that arterial partial pressure of oxygen was 155.4-178.6 mm Hg, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 53.1-62.4 mm Hg, and the oxygenation index was 310.8-357.2 mm Hg. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated a low degree of pulmonary edema and minimal cellular infiltration. Conclusion The pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model possesses strong operability and stability. Researchers can replicate this model according to the described methods and further conduct basic research and explore clinical translational applications.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that probiotics have a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on peri-implantitis,and there are further explorations in the mechanism against peri-implantitis.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism and clinical application of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis.METHODS:Relevant literature was searched on PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang Data,using the search terms of"probiotics,peri-implantitis,flora imbalance,immunoregulation,inflammatory reaction,mechanism of action"in Chinese and English.A total of 90 articles were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Probiotics have the following mechanisms.They can activate the anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors.They can destroy the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria by secreting microbial complexes and bacteriocins,reduce the pH value of biofilms,improve the composition of microorganisms in microecology,induce the change of bacterial community structure,and restore the balance of microbial population around implants.They have immunomodulatory effects and can enhance the resistance of the host oral mucosa to pathogenic bacteria in the surrounding area of the implant.In addition,probiotics can produce antibacterial compounds,offset the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms,and regulate immune function.Through the above mechanisms,probiotics have certain potential in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis,which can improve the clinical parameters of peri-implantitis and affect the microbiota.Probiotic therapy provides a new treatment option,but more long-term prospective studies are needed to further verify its effect.