Objective:To explore the structural relationship between WMSDs in the upper limbs and various risk factors in the occupational population in China, based on a large sample epidemiological survey and structural equation analysis, and to establish a structural equation model, so as to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of such diseases.Methods:The Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Electronic Questionnaire was used to conduct a nationwide survey on the prevalence of WMSDs in the upper extremity. Six factors related to WMSDs in the upper extremity were extracted by the classification standard of adverse ergonomic factors and their source and confirmatory factor analysis, including work organization, work type, upper extremity work posture, individual factors, upper extremity fatigue and upper extremity WMSDs. The structural equation analysis was carried out and the structural equation model was established.Results:The incidence of WMSDs and fatigue in the upper limbs was 24.44% and 43.76%, respectively. The adjusted structural equation model fitting indicators were generally up to the standard (GFI=1.000, AGFI=1.000, RMSEA=0.043, NFI=0.808, TLI=0.784) . The four exogenous latent variables of work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and individual factors were correlated. There was a strong positive correlation between job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.865) , a moderate positive correlation between work organization and job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.570, 0.490) , and a weak negative correlation between individual factors and the other three exogenous latent variables. Upper limb work posture and individual factors had direct effects on upper limb WMSDs, and the effect coefficients were 0.10 and 0.06, respectively. Upper limb fatigue played a mediating role between work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and upper limb WMSDs. The effect coefficient was 0.46, and the composition ratios of indirect effects were 100.0%, 100.0%, and 38.3%, respectively. The direct path effect of upper limb work posture, individual factors and upper limb WMSDs was weaker than the mediating path through upper limb fatigue. Conclusion:When carrying out the prevention and control of upper limbWMSDs, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the pathogenesis path of upper limb muscle fatigue and upper limb WMSDs caused by work organization, work type, and upper limb work posture, so as to provide theoretical reference for improving the prevention and control level of such diseases.

Objective:To explore the structural relationship between WMSDs in the upper limbs and various risk factors in the occupational population in China, based on a large sample epidemiological survey and structural equation analysis, and to establish a structural equation model, so as to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of such diseases.Methods:The Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Electronic Questionnaire was used to conduct a nationwide survey on the prevalence of WMSDs in the upper extremity. Six factors related to WMSDs in the upper extremity were extracted by the classification standard of adverse ergonomic factors and their source and confirmatory factor analysis, including work organization, work type, upper extremity work posture, individual factors, upper extremity fatigue and upper extremity WMSDs. The structural equation analysis was carried out and the structural equation model was established.Results:The incidence of WMSDs and fatigue in the upper limbs was 24.44% and 43.76%, respectively. The adjusted structural equation model fitting indicators were generally up to the standard (GFI=1.000, AGFI=1.000, RMSEA=0.043, NFI=0.808, TLI=0.784) . The four exogenous latent variables of work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and individual factors were correlated. There was a strong positive correlation between job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.865) , a moderate positive correlation between work organization and job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.570, 0.490) , and a weak negative correlation between individual factors and the other three exogenous latent variables. Upper limb work posture and individual factors had direct effects on upper limb WMSDs, and the effect coefficients were 0.10 and 0.06, respectively. Upper limb fatigue played a mediating role between work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and upper limb WMSDs. The effect coefficient was 0.46, and the composition ratios of indirect effects were 100.0%, 100.0%, and 38.3%, respectively. The direct path effect of upper limb work posture, individual factors and upper limb WMSDs was weaker than the mediating path through upper limb fatigue. Conclusion:When carrying out the prevention and control of upper limbWMSDs, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the pathogenesis path of upper limb muscle fatigue and upper limb WMSDs caused by work organization, work type, and upper limb work posture, so as to provide theoretical reference for improving the prevention and control level of such diseases.

Objective To studythe cephalocaudal relationship ofabdominal aortic bifurcation relative toumbilicus and iliac crest vertex and their correlations with abdominal adipose tissue thickness and age. Methods The vertical distances,cephalocaudal relationship and other related anatomic parameters of aortic bifurcation relative to umbilicus and iliac crest vertex in 108 patientswere measured by consecutive abdominal CT scanning. The correlations of the acquired data with abdominal adipose tissue thickness and age were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Umbilicus was located at cephalad to aortic bifurcation in 67 patients(62.0%), caudal in 34(31.4%)andthe same level in 7(6.5%),with the vertical distance of(4.53 ± 17.51)mm to the aortic bifurcation. No statistically significant relationship was found between abdominal adipose tissue thickness(P>0.05) or age(P>0.05). Iliac crest vertex relative to aortic bifurcationwas located at cephalad,caudal and the same level in 31,71 and 6 patients,taking up 28.7%,65.7%and 5.6%,respectively. Its vertical distance to the bifurcation was(-6.34 ± 14.49)mm,nonrelated with abdominal adipose tissue thickness(P>0.05),but positively correlated with age(P<0.01). The difference in the cephalocaudal relationship of aortic bifurcation relative to umbilicus and iliac crest vertex was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with iliac crest vertex,umbilicus is an important landmark of locating abdominal aortic terminal occlusion position in vitro because it mostly lies cephalad to aortic bifurcation in the front of the body,not easy to vary with abdominal adipose tissue thickness and age.

We wished to screen the cell line that stably expresses the HPV18E5 protein, and to ascertain the influence of HPV18E5 protein on cell proliferation and the cell cycle. The HPV18E5 gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Then, the His-tag pSecTag-HPV18E5 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by digestion ligation and connection. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into Balb/c3T3 cells with lipofectamine, and positive cell lines were screened by a culture medium containing bleomycin. HPV18E5 expression in cells was confirmed by western blotting and immuno-enzymatic methods. The influence of HPV18E5 on cell proliferation and the cell cycle were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The pSecTag-HPV18E5 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed. After 21-day selection in a culture medium containing 400 μg/mL bleomycin, stably expressing HPV18E5 protein cells were harvested. Compared with control groups, cell proliferation in HPV18E5 stably expressed cells was obviously increased, as was the S phase in the cell cycle. Our results suggested that HPV18E5 influences cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Our study has laid the foundation of the biologic properties of HPV18E5 protein, which will aid further studies on the mechanism of action of carcinogenesis.
Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus Infections ; physiopathology ; virology ; Transfection

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of human papillomavirus type18E5 and EGFP fusion gene,to analyze E5 expression in BALB/c3T3 cell.Methods The HPV18E5 and EGFP gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction,and pSecTag-HPV18 E5-EGFP fusion gene eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by the method of digestion ligation and transformation.The recombinant plasmid was transfected into BALB/c3T3 cells with lipofectamine and the expressed product was detected by RT-PCR,the aim gene expression was observed under fluorescence microscope.Results The success in construction of pSecTag-HPV18 E5-EGFP fusion gene eukaryotic expression vector,RT-PCR result showed that HPV18E5 gene could be expressed in BALB/c 3T3 cell,fluorescent light could be observed under fluorescence microscope.Conclusion pSecTag-HPV18 E5-EGFP fusion gene eukaryotic expression vector has been successfully constructed,the recombinant plasmid could be expressed in BALB/ c3T3 cell.

Objective To detect the genomic copy number variations(CNVs) of mice embryonic neural tissue with neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by methotrexate (MTX),and investigate the molecular genetic mechanisms between folic acid metabolism disorders and NTDs pathogenesis.Methods C57BL/6J NTD mice model was induced by MTX on gestational day 7.5,and the maternal serum and NTD embryonic neural tissues were collected;the array-comparative genomic hybridization(array-CGH) assay was utilized to analyze the whole genomic CNVs in NTD embryonic neural tissues;reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to confirm the positive results;the maternal serum concentrations of folic acid and related metabolites and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzymatic methods,respectively.Results ArrayCGH and RT-PCR results showed the 3 high confidence CNVs on XqE3,XqA1.1-qA2 and XqA1.1 in the NTD embryonic neural tissues.The NTD maternal serum concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate,5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid,S-adenosyl methionine and DHFR activity were reduced significantly compared with the control group,and there were statistical differences(all P ＜0.05).Conclusions There are obvious CNVs in embryonic neural tissue of NTD mice induced by MTX and folic acid dysmetabolism might cause mice embryonic neural tube developmental disorders through CNVs.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of diagnosis and surgical treatment of esophageal leiomyoma.

METHODSPreoperative radiology, esophagoscopy and results of surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 141 patients with esophageal leiomyoma.

RESULTSDysphagia (64.5%) and chest or epigastric pain (20.6%) were the most common presenting symptoms with a mean duration of 15.7 months. Eleven patients had been misdiagnosed as malignant esophageal disease, mediastinal or retroperitoneal tumor before operation. Thirteen patents received partial esophageal resection, including 2 patients with gigantic tumor, 3 still misdiagnosed as malignancy in the operation theater and 8 accompanied with esophageal or gastric cardiac carcinoma. 128 patients were treated with tumor removal only, among whom the esophageal mucosa was ruptured and sutured in 13 patents. The tumor was single in 130 patients and multiple in 11 patients. The tumor shape was either oval, horseshoe-or ginger-like. Tumor surrounded the esophagus less than half circumference in 75 patients, more than half in 59 patients and involved the whole circumference in 7 patients. The tumor was polypoid and intraluminal in one patient. It was extraluminal in 2 patients and was intramural in all the others. The morbidity and 30-day mortality rates were 3.6% and 0%.

CONCLUSIONPreoperative differentiation of esophageal leiomyoma is important for it may be misdiagnosed as esophageal malignant disease or mediastinal tumor. Tumor removal only is indicated if possible. Biopsy is inadvisable if leiomyoma has been suspected by esophagoscopy. The incidence of esophageal carcinoma complicating esophageal leiomyoma is high, of which the reason needs further study.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome