Cardiac arrest is a major health event that poses a major threat to human life and health.Post-cardiac arrest brain injury is the main adverse prognostic factor and cause of death in patients who experience cardiac arrest.Currently,the therapeutic methods and effects are limited.In recent years,with the in-depth research on microbiota-gut-brain communication,it has been found that intestinal microbiota and their metabolites may play a role in the regulation of neuroinflammation in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.Short-chain fatty acids are the key substances in microbiota-gut-brain communication,and the mechanism involves immune,endocrine and neuroregulatory pathways.Supplementation of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria or short-chain fatty acids can improve intestinal flora disorder and reduce neuroinflammation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.As a key mediator in microbial-gut-brain communication,short-chain fatty acids have great potential for the treatment of brain injury after cardiac arrest.This review explores the role and regulatory mechanism of microbiota-gut-brain communication in the neuroinflammation of brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation through immune,endocrine and neuro-regulatory pathways,providing a new idea for the treatment of post-cardiac arrest brain injury.

Objective:To search, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for postpartum contraceptive health guidance, providing evidence-based support for clinical healthcare providers in implementing standardized contraceptive counseling and management.Methods:A systematic search was conducted across guideline repositories, professional association websites, and databases for literature related to postpartum contraception guidance, including guidelines, best practices, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, with a search timeframe from database inception to December 2023. Four researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies, extracted relevant data, and synthesized evidence from eligible literature.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 documents were included, comprising 5 guidelines, 2 clinical decision-making documents, 1 best practice document, 4 expert consensus statements, and 6 meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Totally 46 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 9 aspects, including health educators, health education recipients, assessment, planning, mode and content of health education, available contraceptive methods, evaluation index of health education, and considerations.Conclusion:This study systematically synthesizes the best available evidence on postpartum contraceptive health guidance. It emphasizes strengthening the competencies of clinical practitioners, supported by structured assessments and standardized guidance, to improve the feasibility and accessibility of contraceptive services. It further highlights the importance of ensuring the long-term sustainability of contraceptive plans and integrating digital tools to enhance the precision and coverage of guidance, ultimately reducing unintended and short-interval pregnancies and safeguarding women's reproductive health.

Objective:To search, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for postpartum contraceptive health guidance, providing evidence-based support for clinical healthcare providers in implementing standardized contraceptive counseling and management.Methods:A systematic search was conducted across guideline repositories, professional association websites, and databases for literature related to postpartum contraception guidance, including guidelines, best practices, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, with a search timeframe from database inception to December 2023. Four researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies, extracted relevant data, and synthesized evidence from eligible literature.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 documents were included, comprising 5 guidelines, 2 clinical decision-making documents, 1 best practice document, 4 expert consensus statements, and 6 meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Totally 46 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 9 aspects, including health educators, health education recipients, assessment, planning, mode and content of health education, available contraceptive methods, evaluation index of health education, and considerations.Conclusion:This study systematically synthesizes the best available evidence on postpartum contraceptive health guidance. It emphasizes strengthening the competencies of clinical practitioners, supported by structured assessments and standardized guidance, to improve the feasibility and accessibility of contraceptive services. It further highlights the importance of ensuring the long-term sustainability of contraceptive plans and integrating digital tools to enhance the precision and coverage of guidance, ultimately reducing unintended and short-interval pregnancies and safeguarding women's reproductive health.

Cardiac arrest is a major health event that poses a major threat to human life and health.Post-cardiac arrest brain injury is the main adverse prognostic factor and cause of death in patients who experience cardiac arrest.Currently,the therapeutic methods and effects are limited.In recent years,with the in-depth research on microbiota-gut-brain communication,it has been found that intestinal microbiota and their metabolites may play a role in the regulation of neuroinflammation in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.Short-chain fatty acids are the key substances in microbiota-gut-brain communication,and the mechanism involves immune,endocrine and neuroregulatory pathways.Supplementation of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria or short-chain fatty acids can improve intestinal flora disorder and reduce neuroinflammation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.As a key mediator in microbial-gut-brain communication,short-chain fatty acids have great potential for the treatment of brain injury after cardiac arrest.This review explores the role and regulatory mechanism of microbiota-gut-brain communication in the neuroinflammation of brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation through immune,endocrine and neuro-regulatory pathways,providing a new idea for the treatment of post-cardiac arrest brain injury.

Objective:To systematically integrate qualitative research on contraceptive experiences of women within two years postpartum to clarify their needs and provide an evidence for developing subsequent support programs for reproductive planning.Methods:We searched 7 English databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, CHIAHL, and four Chinese databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database. Qualitative research studies on postpartum women's contraceptive experiences were collected. The search was conducted up to April 30, 2023. The Australian JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) qualitative research quality assessment criteria was used for quality evaluation, and the convergent synthesis method was employed for result integration.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies were included from 1 488 relevant literatures retrieved, with 1 251 postpartum women.Totally 41 findings were categorized into 11 themes and further consolidated into four integrated results: variations in women's awareness of contraceptive during the interpregnancy interval, diversity in women's contraceptive information needs, multifactorial influences on contraceptive decision-making, and practical challenges in accessing postpartum contraceptive support.Conclusion:Women's contraceptive needs within 2 years postpartum exhibit diverse characteristics. Healthcare professionals should thoroughly assess their needs to provide personalized contraceptive services. Simultaneously, encouraging active male involvement and leveraging multi-dimensional, sustained support from family, hospitals, and the community is essential to enhance reproductive health and ensure the well-being of women and children.

Objective:To systematically integrate qualitative research on contraceptive experiences of women within two years postpartum to clarify their needs and provide an evidence for developing subsequent support programs for reproductive planning.Methods:We searched 7 English databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, CHIAHL, and four Chinese databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database. Qualitative research studies on postpartum women's contraceptive experiences were collected. The search was conducted up to April 30, 2023. The Australian JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) qualitative research quality assessment criteria was used for quality evaluation, and the convergent synthesis method was employed for result integration.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies were included from 1 488 relevant literatures retrieved, with 1 251 postpartum women.Totally 41 findings were categorized into 11 themes and further consolidated into four integrated results: variations in women's awareness of contraceptive during the interpregnancy interval, diversity in women's contraceptive information needs, multifactorial influences on contraceptive decision-making, and practical challenges in accessing postpartum contraceptive support.Conclusion:Women's contraceptive needs within 2 years postpartum exhibit diverse characteristics. Healthcare professionals should thoroughly assess their needs to provide personalized contraceptive services. Simultaneously, encouraging active male involvement and leveraging multi-dimensional, sustained support from family, hospitals, and the community is essential to enhance reproductive health and ensure the well-being of women and children.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) in the east China Takayasu arteritis (ECTA) cohort and their subgroups, and evaluate the disease characteristics.Methods:Patients diagnosed with TA in ECTA cohort from January 2009 to October 2019 were enrolled and their data were analyzed. The characteristics were analyzed and compared within subgroups using t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test or Chi-square test. Results:A total of 454 patients were included, with the male to female ratio of 1∶4.75(79/375), and the main complaint were dizziness/headache, fatigue, and chest tightness/pain. The type Ⅴ and Ⅰ were the most common angiographic pattern, among which the subclavian artery and carotid artery were most vulnerable, manifested as vascular stenosis. Hypertension, tuberculosis and hepatitis B were common complications. In subgroup comparison, symptoms and inflammation index were much more evident in the active group, female group, <40 years old, and newly diagnosed group. C-reactive protein (CRP)[10(2, 33) mg/L vs 3(1, 14) mg/L, Z=-4.49, P<0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [(45±33) mm/1 h vs (25±23) mm/1 h, t=-5.82, P<0.01), in the active group were significantly higher than those in the inactive group, while the ESR in female patients was only higher than that in males, but without statistical significant difference. SAA in the young age group, ESR in the newly diagnosed group was significantly higher than that in the other subgroups [19(6, 95) mg/L vs 10(4, 39) mg/L, Z=2.06, P<0.05] [(44±34) mm/1 h vs (32±28) mm/1 h, t=3.77, P<0.01]. Conclusion:The TA patients are mainly young women, and are in active disease when first being diagnosed. The type Ⅴ and Ⅰ are the most common artery involve-ment pattern. Hypertension and tuberculosis are the most frequent complications.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficacy of Chinese diagnostic model, the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria and the 2018 ACR new classification criteria (draft) for Takayasu arteritis (TA).Methods:A total of 196 TA patients who came to our hospital from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2019 in the TA database of the department of rheumatology and immunology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and 131 patients with other vascular diseases visited during the same period were selected. General characteristics, clinical data, laboratory tests and imaging tests of all patients were collected. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages, between-group differences were analyzed using the χ2 test. Continuous variables were presented as the Mean± SD for a normal distribution or median and interquartile range (IQR) for a non-normal distribution. Between-group differences were analyzed using the Student's t-test or Mann- Whitney test, as appropriate. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and receiver operating characteristics of the above diagnostic/classification criteria area under the curve were analyzed. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results:In terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Chinese diagnostic models was 85.7%, 96.2%, 89.9%, 97.1%, 81.5%, 0.909, 1990 ACR criteria was 47.4%, 97.7%, 67.6%, 96.9%, 55.4%, 0.726, 2018 ACR classification criteria was 79.1%, 98.5%, 86.5%, 98.7%, 75.9%, 0.888. The difference between the Chinese diagnostic model and the 2018 ACR criteria in AUC was not statistically significant ( Z=1.186 , P>0.05). The sensitivity, accuracy and diagnostic efficiency of Chinese diagnostic model was the best, that of the 1990 ACR classification criteria was the worst, and the specificity of the 2018 ACR classification criteria was the highest. The Kappa value of the 2018 ACR classification criteria and the Chinese diagnostic model was 0.719, which had good consistency, and the Kappa value of the consistency between the 1990 ACR classification criteria and the Chinese TA diagnostic model was 0.516. Conclusion:The Chinese diagnostic model, which is based on the clinical characteristics of the Chinese TA population, has a good diagnostic efficacy for the Chinese population. The 2018 ACR classification criteria (draft) is highly consistent with the Chinese TA diagnostic model, and can be promoted and applied in practice.

Objective To investigate the role of T helper 17 cells/interleukin?17(Th17/IL?17) axis in the occurrence of vaginal candidiasis in mice. Methods A total of 120 female BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into Ei, En, Ci and Cn groups. Three days before vaginal inoculation, estrogen (Ei and En)groups and control(Ci and Cn)groups received subcutaneous injection of 0.05 mg estradiol and 0.1 ml sterilized soybean oil at the hind legs, respectively, and then the hormone treatment continued every other day until the end of experiment. Infected(Ei and Ci)groups and noninfected(En and Cn) groups were inoculated intravaginally with 10μl(5 × 104 conidia)of Candida albicans suspension and 10μl of sterilized phosphate?buffered saline, respectively. Ten mice were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed on day 3, 7 and 14 after inoculation. The intact vagina tissues were resected and then frozen in liquid nitrogen or embedded in paraffin. Real?time fluorescence?based quantitative PCR(qRT?PCR)and immunofluorescent staining were performed to measure mRNA expression and immunofluorescence intensities of retinoic acid?related orphan receptorγt(RORγt), RORα and IL?17, respectively. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine protein expression of RORγt and IL?17. Results Laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that RORγt, RORα and IL?17 immunofluorescence was mainly located at inflammatory cells of the lamina propria and blood vessels in En and Cn groups, at mucosal epithelium, adherent hyphae, and inflammatory cells of the lamina propria and blood vessels in Ci group, and at mucosal epithelium, vaginal canal and endocytosed hyphae, and inflammatory cells of the lamina propria and blood vessels in Ei group. qRT?PCR and immunofluorescent staining uncovered that mRNA expression and immunofluorescence intensities of RORγt, RORα and IL?17 were significantly higher in En, Ci and Ei groups than in Cn group at the same time points(all P<0.05), as well as in the Ei group than in En and Ci groups(both P<0.05), and were increased gradually over time in En, Ci and Ei groups, but not in the Cn group. Additionally, mRNA expression and immunofluorescence intensities of RORγt and RORαand IL?17 generally peaked on day 14 after inoculation, while the immunofluorescence intensity of IL?17 peaked on day 7 (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that protein expression of RORγt and IL?17 was significantly higher in the infected(Ei and Ci)groups than in the noninfected(En and Cn)groups at the same time points(RORγt:F=45.685, P<0.001;IL?17:F=29.655, P<0.01), and was highest in the Ei group(P<0.05);however, no significant differences were observed between Cn and En groups(both P>0.05). Moreover, RORγt and IL?17 protein expression in Ci and Ei groups was obviously up?regulated on day 7 after inoculation (RORγt: F = 13.137, P < 0.001; IL?17: F = 11.182, P < 0.001), but was not increased further on day 14. Conclusion Vaginal candida infection can up?regulate the expression of RORγt, RORα and IL?17, suggesting that Th17/IL?17 axis may be involved in the occurrence of vaginal candidiasis in BALB/c mice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on a senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) and an autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 type Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ) in normal human skin fibroblasts (NHSFs).Methods NHSFs were isolated from the foreskin of children,and subjected to culture in vitro.The second-to fourth-passage NHSFs were treated with 150 μmol/L H2O2 for 2 hours to establish a model for cellular senescence,while un-treated NHSFs served as control group.Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was performed to determine the percentage of senescent cells,indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine the expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3,reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA expression of SMP30,and Western blot analysis to measure the protein expression of SMP30 and LC3.Results The percentage of senescent (SA-β-gal-positive) cells was significantly higher in the H2O2 group than in the control group (41.70％ ± 2.95％ vs.3.03％ ± 0.25％,t =22.59,P ＜ 0.05).Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that the percentage of LC3-positive cells was significantly lower in the H2O2 group than in the control group (12.60％ ± 1.57％ vs.23.67％ ± 3.04％,t =5.61,P ＜ 0.05).As Western blot analysis showed,no significant difference in the expression of LC3-Ⅰ (LC3-Ⅰ/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH] ratio) was observed between the H2O2 group and control group (0.40 ± 0.02 vs.0.41 ± 0.04,P ＞ 0.05),while the H2O2 group showed significantly lower expression of LC3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ/GAPDH ratio:0.20 ± 0.02 vs.0.80 ± 0.03,t =29.69,P ＜ 0.05) and lower LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio (0.51 ± 0.03 vs.1.98 ± 0.23,t =10.967,P ＜ 0.05) compared with the control group.Moreover,the mRNA and protein expression of SMP30 (SMP30/GAPDH ratio) was significantly lower in the H2O2 group than in the control group (mRNA:0.16 ± 0.01 vs.0.35 ± 0.01;protein:0.27 ± 0.02 vs.0.63 ± 0.02,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion H2O2 can decrease the expression of SMP30 and LC3-Ⅱ in NHSFs,and accelerate the senescence of NHSFs.