Objective To explore the correlation between serum insulin-like growth factor1(IGF-1),insulin-like growth factor binding protein3(IGFBP-3),bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP)and abundance of intestinal flora in children with idiopathic short stature(ISS).Methods A total of 86 children with ISS who were treated with short-acting recombinant growth hormone for the first time in Department of Endocrinology of Baoding Hospital,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,were enrolled from July 2021 to June 2023.Before treatment and at 6 months after treatment,physical indexes(height,weight)and bone age indexes[bone age index(BAI),bone age difference(BAD)]were detected with the same instrument at the same place.The fasting venous blood was collected to detect levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The abundances of intestinal floras were monitored by 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology combined with bioinformation analysis technology.A total of 40 healthy children during the same period were enrolled as control group,and differences in different indexes within the same groups or between the two groups were compared by independent sample t test or paired t test.The correlation between abundances of intestinal floras and levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results Compared with the control group.the height,weight,BAD,BAI,levels of serum IGF,IGFBP-3 and BAP,Chaol,Shannon and Pielou e of ISS patients decreased before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.119～44.143,all P<0.05).After treatment,height,weight,BAD,BAI,levels of serum IGF,IGFBP-3 and BAP,Chaol,Shannon and Pielou e were increased in ISS children(t=3.145～39.188),the above indexes were still lower than those in control group(t=2.389～69.893),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.In intestinal floras,dominant bacterial groups at phylum level were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria,while dominant bacterial groups at genus level were Blautia,Bifidobacterium,Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides.Compared with the control group,before treatment,the abundances of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria increased in the ISS group,while the abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=25.224～46.345,all P<0.05).After treatment,abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in the ISS group increased compared to before treatment,while abundance of Proteobacteria decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=10.055～39.245,all P<0.05).The abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in ISS group were lower than those in control group,while abundance of Proteobacteria was higher than that in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.290～20.540,all P<0.05).The abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were positively correlated with levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP(r=0.300～0.759,all P<0.05).Conclusion The abundances of intestinal floras are decreased,and the structure is abnormal in children with ISS.The abundances of beneficial bacteria in intestinal floras are related to levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP.In clinical treatment of ISS,combined treatment with intestinal flora disorders may be conducted.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum insulin-like growth factor1(IGF-1),insulin-like growth factor binding protein3(IGFBP-3),bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP)and abundance of intestinal flora in children with idiopathic short stature(ISS).Methods A total of 86 children with ISS who were treated with short-acting recombinant growth hormone for the first time in Department of Endocrinology of Baoding Hospital,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,were enrolled from July 2021 to June 2023.Before treatment and at 6 months after treatment,physical indexes(height,weight)and bone age indexes[bone age index(BAI),bone age difference(BAD)]were detected with the same instrument at the same place.The fasting venous blood was collected to detect levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The abundances of intestinal floras were monitored by 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology combined with bioinformation analysis technology.A total of 40 healthy children during the same period were enrolled as control group,and differences in different indexes within the same groups or between the two groups were compared by independent sample t test or paired t test.The correlation between abundances of intestinal floras and levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results Compared with the control group.the height,weight,BAD,BAI,levels of serum IGF,IGFBP-3 and BAP,Chaol,Shannon and Pielou e of ISS patients decreased before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.119～44.143,all P<0.05).After treatment,height,weight,BAD,BAI,levels of serum IGF,IGFBP-3 and BAP,Chaol,Shannon and Pielou e were increased in ISS children(t=3.145～39.188),the above indexes were still lower than those in control group(t=2.389～69.893),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.In intestinal floras,dominant bacterial groups at phylum level were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria,while dominant bacterial groups at genus level were Blautia,Bifidobacterium,Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides.Compared with the control group,before treatment,the abundances of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria increased in the ISS group,while the abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=25.224～46.345,all P<0.05).After treatment,abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in the ISS group increased compared to before treatment,while abundance of Proteobacteria decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=10.055～39.245,all P<0.05).The abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in ISS group were lower than those in control group,while abundance of Proteobacteria was higher than that in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.290～20.540,all P<0.05).The abundances of Bacteroidetes,Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were positively correlated with levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP(r=0.300～0.759,all P<0.05).Conclusion The abundances of intestinal floras are decreased,and the structure is abnormal in children with ISS.The abundances of beneficial bacteria in intestinal floras are related to levels of serum IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and BAP.In clinical treatment of ISS,combined treatment with intestinal flora disorders may be conducted.

Objective:To explore the efficiency of a modified caries risk assessment tool(MCAT)on caries-risk prediction of children in Nanning.Methods:MCAT was designed based on caries-risk assessment tool(CAT)of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(AAPD)and the caries related factors of the primary school children in Guangxi,China.A cohort study was conducted in 332 children aged 3-year-old in kindergarten of Jiangnan District,Nanning,Guangxi.The data were integrated through questionnaires and oral exam-ination.The MCAT data were respectively scored by CAT and Cariogram and the caries-risk of the children was evaluated.The develop-ment of increased average caires incidece over a period of 1.5 years was compared,the predictive capacity of the methods was com-pared.Results:The ranks of caires risk assessed by CAT and Cariogram were significant different(Z=-10.34,P＜0.001),and the consistency of the 2 methods was poor(Kappa=0.234,P＜0.001).After 1.5 years,there was significant statistical difference of the caries prevalence rate between the low-high and moderate-high risk groups,and dmft increments between the moderate-high risk groups e-valuated by CAT(P＜0.05).There was significant difference of the caries prevalence rate between each risk groups and dmft increments between the low-high and moderate-high risk groups evaluated by Cariogram(P＜0.05).The AUC of CAT and Cariogram was 0.571 and 0.722 respectively(P＜0.001).In the prediction models of caries risk,the fitting of CAT was poor(P＜0.001),while that of Cariogram was better(P=1.00).Cariogram analysis showed that the chance of developing new caries lesions of the subjects with moderate and high caries risk was 2.86 and 11.65 times more than those with low caries risk.Conclusion:MCAT com-bined with Cariogram can more efficiently predict new caries de-velopment in 3-year-old children.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics and genetic characteristics of children with ATP sensitive potassium passage (K ATP-HI). Methods:Forty-five children with genetically confirmed K ATP-HI and their families admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University between February 2002 and December 2018 were selected as the study subjects. A detailed retrospective analysis of the patient's clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process, disease-causing gene carrying status and later follow-up data was performed. ABCC8/KCNJ11 gene was sequenced by second-generation sequencing technology. Results:Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 34 cases (75.6%) were neonatal onset, the first symptoms of 21 cases (46.7%) were convulsions. 39 cases had been treated with diazoxide, including 12 cases (30.8%) with good efficacy, 16 cases (41%) with poor efficacy and 11 cases with uncertain efficacy. Octreotide was further applied in 18 patients with uncertain or ineffective efficacy after diazoxide treatment, and 13 cases (72.2%) were effective, 3 cases were ineffective, and 2 cases were uncertain. 10 CHI patients who were ineffective to drug treatment or had clearly focal lesions confirmed by 18F-dopa positron emission by computed tomography ( 18F-DOPA PET) scans had undergone surgical treatment, 8 of which underwent partial pancreatectomy and blood glucose returned to normal after the operation; the other 2 cases underwent subtotal pancreatectomy and both had secondary diabetes after operation. Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 1 case carried both ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations, 10 cases carried ABCC8 compound heterozygous mutations, and the remaining 34 cases carried ABCC8/KCNJ11 single genetic mutation. Among them, 21 cases had paternal inheritance, and 3 cases had maternal inheritance, 6 cases were identified with de novo mutations. Conclusions:Diazoxide treatment was ineffective for most K ATP-HI children, but octreotide had a higher effective rate. Partial pancreatectomy for focal type patients had a higher cure rate, and there was a risk of secondary diabetes after subproximal pancreatectomy, so it was very important to clarify the histological type of children before surgery. ABCC8 gene mutations and KCNJ11 gene mutations were the main pathogenic genes of K ATP-HI. Among patients carrying mutations in single ABCC8 or KCNJ11 gene mutation, K ATP-HI inherited by paternity were the majority. Some K ATP-HI children can relieve the hypoglycemia symptoms by themselves.

Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Sixty SD rats were ramdomly divided into normal control group, model control group,low-,middle-and high-dose Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch groups (50,100 and 200 mg.kg-1,respectively),and tripterygium glycosides tablet group. Except for normal control group,rheumatoid arthritis model was established by using bovine typeⅡcollagen in SD rats of the other groups. Organ index,plasma levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αand anti-CⅡin rat rheumatoid arthritis models were evaluated. Results The kidney index of the low-dose/middle-dose Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch groups were significantly different from that of the model control group (P<0.05). Significant difference was also found in the spleen index between the high-dose Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch group and the normal control group ( P<0.05) . The plasma levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αand anti-CⅡantibody were significantly higher in the model control group than in the normal control group. Meanwhile, the plasma IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels of the middle-dose/high-dose Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch groups were significantly lower than those of the model group ( P<0.01) . The levels of anti-CII antibody were significantly lower in the low-,middle-and high-dose Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch groups than in the model control group. Conclusion It is worthwhile to explore and develop Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch since it possesses immunomodulatory effects and may be applied in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of periploca forrestii schltr in the treatment of acute gout arthritis.Methods:60 healthy male SD rats were equally randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group( NC) ,model group( M group) ,colchicine group (C group),high doses group of periploca forrestii schltr(HD group),middle doses group of periploca forrestii schltr(MD group) and low doses group of periploca forrestii schltr( LD group).Except the normal control group,model of gouty arthritis was induced in other groups by uric acid salt,colchicine(positive control) and different dose of periploca forrestii schltr were given by intragastric ad minis-tration.Swelling dimension of joints were observed at 3,5,7 days after treatment.All rats were killed after 7 days of treatment and ankle joint tissue was taken for pathological examination and the peripheral blood of rats was prepared for detecting the expression of interleukin 1β(IL-1β),IL-6,IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) using enzyme linked immunosorbent test(ELISA).Results:The ankle joint swelling of periploca forrestii schltr group was significantly lower than that in the model group,and the effect of high doses group was much better than the low doses group after 7 days treatment(P<0.05);compared with model group,the inflammatory cells of each treatment groups were decreased and high doses group did not differ from that of normal control group;the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-αin periploca forrestii schltr group were dramatically lower than those in the model group in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:Periploca forrestii schltr has good therapeutic effect in rats with acute gouty arthritis and shows a dose-dependent response,and the mechanism may relate to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines expression.

Objective To determine whether store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is involved in chronic hypoxia-induced alteration of intracellular Ca2 + concentration ([Ca2+] i) and proliferation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC).Methods Rat PASMCs were cultured and treated in normoxia (21％O2) or hypoxia (4％ O2) condition.The proliferation of PASMC was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.[Ca2 +] i,SOCE and the effects of store-operated Ca2 + channel (SOCC) inhibitors,SKF96365 and NiCl2,on SOCE in hypoxic PASMCs were tested by InCyte [Ca2 +] i measurement system.Results Hypoxia for 24-60 h augmented PASMC proliferation (1.12 ± 0.09 vs 0.71 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05) and [Ca2 +] i [(214.8 ± 20.4) nmol/L vs (115.2 ± 13.2) nmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] in a time-dependent manner with the maximum effect at 60 h.Perfusion of Ca2+-free Krebs solution containing nifedipine (5 μ mol/L),cyclopiazonic acid (CPA,10 μmol/L) in PASMCs caused a small transient increase of [Ca2+]i with peak [Ca2+]i (113.3 ± 49.3) nmol/L.Chronic hypoxia (4％ O2,60 h) enhanced [Ca2+]i level with peak value of (193.2 ± 22.7) nmol/L (P ＜ 0.05) in PASMC.After restoration of extracellular Ca2+,CPA caused marked increase of [Ca2+]i with peak value of (328.0 ± 56.7) nmol/L.Chronic hypoxia strengthened CPA-induced increase of [Ca2 +] i with peak value of (526.0 ± 33.7) nmol/L (P ＜ 0.05) in PASMCs.Either SKF96365 50 μmol/L or NiCl2 500 μmol/L distinctly attenuated CPA-induced enhancement of [Ca2 +] i,the peak value of which dropped from (526.0 ± 33.7) nmol/L to (170.4 ± 26.4) nmol/L (P＜0.05) or (177.4±45.9) nmol/L (P＜0.05) respectively.Conclusion Chronic hypoxia boosts the release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum and promotes the activity of SOCC and SOCE,leading to [Ca2 +] i elevation and proliferation of rat PASMCs.

Objective To analyze the mucosal immune responses induced in BALB/c mice after immunization with Vaccinia Tiantan-based HIV vaccine in combination with protein and to evaluate the effi-cacy of different immune strategies and adjuvants.Methods The BALB/c mice were intramuscularly or in-tranasally immunized with the recombinant Vaccinia virus Tiantan strain ( rTV) carrying CN54 Gag-Pol-Env gene and boosted with the gp140 protein and MF59 adjuvant by intramuscular, intranasal or subcutaneous in-jection.Serum, saliva and vaginal lavage samples were collected from the BALB/c mice.The titers of anti-gen specific IgG and IgA were detected by ELISA.Results Significantly enhanced mucosal immune respon-ses were induced by immunization with gp140 protein used in combination with MF59 adjuvant.The IgA an-tibodies elicited in mice mucosal tissues by gp140 protein and MF59 adjuvant were as high as those induced by gp140 protein and cholera toxin subunit B or recombinant flagellin adjuvant.High tiers of gp140-specific IgA antibodies were observed in serum, saliva and vaginal lavage samples from the mice intramuscularly primed with rTV and intranasally boosted with gp140 protein and MF59 adjuvant.The tiers of IgA antibodies in serum and mucosal tissue samples were 1 ∶15 000 and 1 ∶600, respectively.Conclusion High titers of mucosal IgA antibodies were elicited in BALB/c mice intramuscularly primed with Vaccinia Tiantan-based HIV vaccine and intranasally boosted with gp140 protein and MF59 adjuvant, especially in vaginal and oral tissues.This immunization strategy might be able to block the heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 through va-ginal and oral mucosa.