Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is intricately linked to the most severe clinical manifestations of brain damage. It encompasses dynamic pathological mechanisms, including hemodynamic disorders, excitotoxic injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and neuronal death. This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of biomaterial-based tissue engineering scaffolds and nano-drug delivery systems. As an example of functionalized biomaterials, nano-drug delivery systems alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. They provide multiple targeting strategies relying on factors such as morphology and scale, magnetic fields, pH, photosensitivity, and enzymes to facilitate the transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier and to promote selective accumulation at the injury site. Furthermore, therapeutic agents can be incorporated into bioscaffolds to interact with the biochemical and biophysical environment of the brain. Bioscaffolds can mimic the extracellular matrix environment, regulate cellular interactions, and increase the effectiveness of local treatments following surgical interventions. Additionally, stem cell-based and exosome-dominated extracellular vesicle carriers exhibit high bioreactivity and low immunogenicity and can be used to design therapeutic agents with high bioactivity. This review also examines the utilization of endogenous bioactive materials in the treatment of TBI.

Objective To study the influence of different time of lavipeditum with traditional Chinese medicine on recovery of gastrointestinal function right after cesarean section, to find the best lavipeditum time and improve the therapeutic effect of lavipeditum with traditional Chinese medicine. Methods 388 cases parturents after cesarean section were selected and were randomly divided into the observation group(200 cases)and the control group(188 cases)according to their bed number. The observation group began lavipeditum with Chinese medicine 6 hours after operation, and was scheduled 7:00-8:00 in the morning, 21:00-22:00 in the evening, lasted 20 minutes every time for consecutive 3 to 5 days. the control group started lavipeditum with Chinese medicine one day after operation, and continued lavipeditum any time they wanted. lasted 20 minutes every time for consecutive 3 to 5 days. Recovery of intestinal function were com-pared between the two groups. Results Postoperative recovery time of bowel sounds, anal exhaust time for the first time, the first defecation time, appetite and sleep quality three days after operation in the observation group were beuer compared with the control group. Conclusions Timing of lavipeditum with Chinese medicine is more effective for recovery of gastrointestinal function after cesarean section, it embodies the importance of time medicine and reach best aims.

Objective To purify native F1 antigen from E pestis EV76 strain and determine its ef-ficacy against Y. pestis. Methods A new purification method was developed by the substitution of physical disruption ( glass beads) for organic solvent ( acetone and toluene) one, followed by a combination of ammo-nium sulfate fractionation and SephacrylS-200HR column filtration chromatography. Groups of mice were im-munized with F1 antigen adsorbed to 25% aluminum hydroxide in PBS by intramuscular route. The immu-nized animals were challenged subeutaneously(s, c. ) with 104 CFU of Y. pestis strain 141 at 18 weeks after the primary immunization. Results There was no IgG titre difference between two groups of mice with one-dose immunization, whereas in the two-dose immunization groups, the group F1-40 μg induced a statistically higher antibody titre than the group F1-20 μg. Complete protection was observed for animals immunized with purified F1 antigen by s.c. route. In contrast, the control mice immunized with aluminum hydroxide suc-cumbed to a same dose of Y. pestis 141 challenge. Conclusion This purification strategy is a simple and ef-fective, and can be operated in a large scale. Native F1 antigen extracted from Y. pestis EV76 is highly im-munagenic, and can be used as a key antigen component to develop sub-unit vaccine of plague.