Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a complex inflammatory airway disease affecting approximately 100 million children worldwide, imposing a heavy burden on society and families. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of childhood asthma. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota and childhood asthma. By elucidating the composition, function, and relationship with the host of gut microbiota, the impact of changes in its composition and function on the development of asthma is revealed. Furthermore, the potential value and application prospects of modulating gut microbiota as a new strategy for asthma treatment are discussed, providing a theoretical reference for in-depth research on the relationship between gut microbiota and the onset of childhood asthma and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Humans ; Asthma/etiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Child

Objective To explore the materials and embolization technique employed in precision superselective transarterial embolization for the treatment of acute renal hemorrhage.Methods The data of 50 patients with acute renal hemorrhage who underwent precision superselective transarterial embolization were retrospectively analyzed.The angiographic findings,embolic materials and embolization methods were collected.The main outcome measures were technical success rate,clinical efficacy and renal function.Results In this study,44 patients had positive angiographic findings.The clinical success rate was 90.9%(40/44)after first precision superselective transarterial embolization.In patients of failure of first embolization,3 patients underwent successful repeated embolization and 1 patient refused repeat embolization.Empirical embolization was carried out among the 6 patients with negative angiographic findings.In 32 patients with complete data for estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),there was no statistical difference before and those measured 7 d after precision superselective transarterial embolization.Conclusion Precision superselective transarterial embolization technique is an effective method for the treatment of acute renal hemorrhage,preserving renal function.

Medical therapy and surgical intervention are the two primary approaches for treating myocardial bridge.However,there remains controversy regarding the use of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)and myocardial bridge unroofing.Here,we report a case of myocardial infarction following CABG in a patient with a myocardial bridge.The patient was admitted to Lanzhou First Peopie's Hospital with persistent chest pain,chest tightness,and shortness of breath lasting 2 hours.Physical examination revealed no significant abnormalities.Electrocardiography(ECG)indicated extensive anterior wall myocardial infarction.Laboratory findings showed myoglobin levels of 140.1 ng/ml and troponin Ⅰ levels of 2.59 ng/ml,with no other significant abnormalities.The initial diagnosis was acute extensive anterior wall myocardial infarction.Emergency coronary angiography revealed a myocardial bridge in the mid-segment of the left anterior descending artery(LAD).Emergency CABG using the left internal mammary artery to the LAD was performed,leading to symptomatic improvement,and the patient was discharged in stable condition.However,the patient experienced a recurrent myocardial infarction seven years post-surgery and received secondary preventive medical therapy.The patient is currently under ongoing follow-up care.CABG is an effective treatment for myocardial bridge.However,based on the case reported in this study,we recommend careful evaluation of whether a patient may benefit from CABG.

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5(TGR5)activated by INT-777 on hypoxic-ischemic encephalop-athy(HIE)in neonatal rats.Methods Seven-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into the sham opera-tion group(Sham,S),model group(HIE,G),INT-777 low-dose(L),medium-dose(M),and high-dose(H)groups.The modified Rice-Vanucci method was used to construct the HIE model and Intranasal admin-istration 1 h after modeling.Short-term neurobehavioral tests were performed 48 h after modeling to evaluate the neurological function of neonatal rats,TTC staining was used to determine the volume of cerebral infarction,dry and wet specific gravity was used to determine the brain water content,ferrous ion kit was used to deter-mine the brain ferrous ion content,HE staining was used to observe the pathological damage of brain tis-sue,Nissl staining was used to observe the loss of Nissl substance,Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe the mitochondrial morphological changes of cortical neurons,and Western blot was em-ployed to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins TFR1 and GPX4.Results Compared with group S,group G had increased short-term neurobehav-ioral test consumption time,higher scores,increased cerebral infarct volume,brain water content,and brain ferrous iron content,significant brain tissue damage on the affected side,severe loss of Nissl substance,smaller neuronal mitochondria,decreased mitochondrial cris-tae,and increased expression of TFR1 and reduced ex-pression of GPX4.Compared with group G,the INT-777 administration group had a shorter consumption time for short-term neurobehavioral tests,lower scores,the cerebral infarction volume,brain water content,and brain ferrous ion content decreased,the brain tissue damage on the affected side was reduced,and there was insignificant loss of Nissl substance,larger neuronal mi-tochondrial volume,increased mitochondrial cristae,re-duced expression of TFR1,and increased expression of GPX4.Conclusions INT-777 agonist TGR5 has a protective effect against hypoxic-ischemic encephalopa-thy in neonatal rats,and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sCD25)and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)and the immunophenotype and therapeutic efficacy of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma(MM)patients.Methods:125 newly diagnosed MM patients(MM group)who received treatment at Tianmen First People's Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected,and another 70 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period were selected(control group).The serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in newly diagnosed MM patients of different stages were compared,and newly diagnosed MM patients were divide into remission group(76 cases)and non remission group(49 cases)based on treatment efficacy,the serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels between the remission group and non remission group were compared.The patients were divided into high sCD25 group and low sCD25 group,high IGF-Ⅰ group and low IGF-Ⅰgroup according to the median levels of serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ,the immunophenotypic differences between high sCD25 group and low sCD25 group,as well as high IGF-Ⅰ group and low IGF-Ⅰ group were analyzed.Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ for evaluating the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Factors affecting the therapeutic effect of newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in the control group were significantly lower than those in the MM group(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels among newly diagnosed MM patients at different stages(P＜0.05).Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in stage Ⅲ newly diagnosed MM patients were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P＜0.05),And stage Ⅱ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ(P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of CD56 in the high sCD25 group was higher than that in the low sCD25 group,there was no significant difference in the positive expression rates of CD117 and CD200 between the two groups(P＞0.05).The positive expression rates of CD56 and CD117 in the high IGF-Ⅰ group were higher than those in the low IGF-Ⅰ group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the positive expression rate of CD200 between the two groups(P＞0.05).Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in the remission group were significantly lower than those in the non remission group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that,the area under the curve(AUC)for evaluating the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients using serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ detection alone and in combination were 0.748,0.775 and 0.832,respectively,and the AUC for combined detection was greater than that for each indicator detected separately.The results of multivariate Logistic regression model showed that elevated serum sCD25 level,elevated serum IGF-Ⅰ level and MM stage Ⅲ were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels are closely related to the disease stage and therapeutic efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients.Combined detection has a high evaluation value for efficacy and can be used as an important evaluation index affecting efficacy.

Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT), albumin/globulin ratio (AGR), miR-208a levels and cardiac function classification and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods:A total of 150 CHF patients who were diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan′an University from May 2020 to May 2023 and followed up for at least 1 year were retrospectively selected as the CHF group. Eighty healthy volunteers recruited from the physical examination center were selected as the control group. The serum levels of γ-GGT, AGR and miR-208a were compared between the two groups. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification of CHF patients and whether major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred during 1-year follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of prognosis in CHF patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of each index for adverse prognosis of patients.Results:The serum levels of γ-GGT and miR-208a in the CHF group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), while the AGR level was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The serum levels of γ-GGT and miR-208a in patients with NYHA class Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in patients with class Ⅱ and Ⅲ (all P<0.05), and the AGR level was lower than that in patients with class Ⅱ and Ⅲ (all P<0.05); the serum levels of γ-GGT and miR-208a in patients with NYHA class Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in patients with class Ⅱ (all P<0.05). The serum levels of γ-GGT and miR-208a in the MACE group were significantly higher than those in the non-MACE group (all P<0.05), while the AGR level was lower than that in the non-MACE group ( P<0.05). Prolonged CHF course, NYHA classification ≥class Ⅲ, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), complicated with atrial fibrillation, increased γ-GGT, decreased AGR and increased miR-208a were independent risk factors for adverse prognosis of CHF patients (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) of γ-GGT, AGR, miR-208a alone and in combination for predicting adverse prognosis of CHF patients were 0.631(95% CI: 0.531-0.731), 0.704(95% CI: 0.602-0.805), 0.753(95% CI: 0.657-0.849) and 0.879(95% CI: 0.818-0.941), respectively. Conclusions:Serum γ-GGT, AGR and miR-208a are closely related to NYHA classification and adverse prognosis of CHF patients. The combined application of the three indicators has important reference significance for predicting the adverse prognosis of patients.

The impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)on maternal and fetal outcomes is well-established.However,the relationship between high-normal blood pressure(BP)and HDP,as well as its association with adverse maternal-fetal outcomes,remains unclear.This retrospective study analyzed singleton pregnancies delivered at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jan 2021 to Dec 2021.Participants were categorized into a normal BP group(BP<130/80 mmHg before delivery admission)and two high-normal BP groups(BP:130-139/80-89 mmHg)with subgroup analysis based on gestational week of BP elevation before and after 20 weeks.Maternal characteristics,HDP incidence and adverse outcomes were compared across groups.The results demonstrated that compared with the normal BP group,both high-normal BP groups showed significantly increased HDP incidence,with more pronounced risk in the high-normal BP(after 20 weeks)group.The high-normal BP(before 20 weeks)group was associated with elevated risks of iatrogenic preterm birth and small for gestational age(SGA).This study provides a theoretical basis for implementing stricter BP monitoring strategies to reduce adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent disease in women of childbearing age,often leading to chronic pelvic pain,infertility,ovarian cancer,and other serious complications,and jeopardizing the health of women.The pathogenesis of endometriosis is complex and involves the alteration of multiple signaling pathways mediated by hormones,immunity,genetics,and the environment,and their interactions.Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis,and it has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via multiple pathways.This review considers the biological characteristics of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and summarizes the main mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis,as well as the curr-ent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of endometriosis.We aim to clarify how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects the development of endometriosis,and suggest that future studies should focus on exploring its potential role as an indicator for the clinical prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis,thus providing theoretical support for the early diagnosis of this condition and the development of targeted drugs.