Blue light inactivation technology, particularly at the 405 nm wavelength, has demonstrated distinct and multifaceted mechanisms of action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, offering a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapies. For Gram-positive pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the bactericidal effects are primarily mediated by endogenous porphyrins (e.g., protoporphyrin III, coproporphyrin III, and uroporphyrin III), which exhibit strong absorption peaks between 400-430 nm. Upon irradiation, these porphyrins are photoexcited to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions, which collectively induce oxidative damage to cellular components. Early studies by Endarko et al. revealed that (405±5) nm blue light at 185 J/cm² effectively inactivated L. monocytogenes without exogenous photosensitizers, supporting the hypothesis of intrinsic photosensitizer involvement. Subsequent work by Masson-Meyers et al. demonstrated that 405 nm light at 121 J/cm² suppressed MRSA growth by activating endogenous porphyrins, leading to ROS accumulation. Kim et al. further elucidated that ROS generated under 405 nm irradiation directly interact with unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial membranes, initiating lipid peroxidation. This process disrupts membrane fluidity, compromises structural integrity, and impairs membrane-bound proteins, ultimately causing cell death. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii exhibit more complex inactivation pathways. While endogenous porphyrins remain central to ROS generation, studies reveal additional photodynamic contributors, including flavins (e.g., riboflavin) and bacterial pigments. For instance, H. pylori naturally accumulates protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin mixtures, enabling efficient 405 nm light-mediated inactivation without antibiotic resistance concerns. Kim et al. demonstrated that 405 nm light at 288 J/cm² inactivates Salmonella by inducing genomic DNA oxidation (e.g., 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation) and disrupting membrane functions, particularly efflux pumps and glucose uptake systems. Huang et al. highlighted the enhanced efficacy of pulsed 405 nm light over continuous irradiation for E. coli, attributing this to increased membrane damage and optimized ROS generation through frequency-dependent photodynamic effects. Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and osmotic stress further modulate susceptibility, sublethal stress conditions (e.g., high salinity or acidic environments) weaken bacterial membranes, rendering cells more vulnerable to subsequent ROS-mediated damage. The 405 nm blue light inactivates drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa through endogenous porphyrins, pyocyanin, and pyoverdine, with the inactivation efficacy influenced by bacterial growth phase and culture medium composition. Intriguingly, repeated 405 nm exposure (20 cycles) failed to induce resistance in A. baumannii, with transient tolerance linked to transient overexpression of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase) or stress-response genes (e.g., oxyR). For Gram-positive bacteria, porphyrin abundance dictates sensitivity, whereas in Gram-negative species, membrane architecture and accessory pigments modulate outcomes. Critically, ROS-mediated damage is nonspecific, targeting DNA, proteins, and lipids simultaneously, thereby minimizing resistance evolution. The 405 nm blue light technology, as a non-chemical sterilization method, shows promise in medical and food industries. It enhances infection control through photodynamic therapy and disinfection, synergizing with red light for anti-inflammatory treatments (e.g., acne). In food processing, it effectively inactivates pathogens (e.g., E. coli, S. aureus) without altering food quality. Despite efficacy against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, challenges include device standardization, limited penetration in complex materials, and optimization of photosensitizers/light parameters. Interdisciplinary research is needed to address these limitations and scale applications in healthcare, food safety, and environmental decontamination.

The red blood cell membrane is an important place for signaling,material transport,energy exchange and other life activities inside and outside the erythrocyte,and its function is mainly realized by the protein complexes on the membrane sur-face.Glycoproteins,integrins,signaling proteins,channel pro-teins and other proteins that constitute the erythrocyte membrane protein complexes interact with each other through direct physi-cal effects or regulatory factor-mediated mechanisms,playing a role in regulating oxygen transport,maintaining cellular morphol-ogy and stability,participating in the regulation of signaling,as well as supporting the cytoskeleton and other functions.Hemo-globin is the mediator of oxygen transport and delivery in blood erythrocytes,and regulating its conformational changes can in-crease the efficiency of oxygen supply to alleviate hypoxia in plateau hypoxia.This review describes the composition,func-tion,interaction mechanism,and adaptive regulation of hemoglo-bin to hypoxia in erythrocyte membrane protein complexes,with the aim of providing new reference for the prevention of hypoxia symptoms,the formulation of therapeutic regimens and the devel-opment of anti-hypoxia drugs.

Objective To explore the efficacy differences between 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging with zero echo time(3T MRI ZTE)and high resolution computed tomography(HRCT)in the detection of pulmonary nodules and the classification diagnosis of the lung imaging reporting and data system(Lung-RADS)in sub-health populations.Methods Clinical and imaging data of 93 patients with pulmonary nodules(126 nodules in total)admitted to some hospital from July to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The 126 nodules were categorized into a benign nodule group(n=51)and a malignant nodule group(n=75)using pathological findings as the gold standard.All the patients underwent examinations by 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT to compare the detection rates of the two measures for pulmonary nodules;the missed and misdiagnosis rates of 3T MRI ZTE,HRCT and Lung-RADS grading were contrasted with the postoperative pathological diagnosis results as the gold standard;comparison analyses of 3T MRI ZTE signs and HRCT signs were performed between the two groups and the patients with different Lung-RADS grades;3T MRI ZTE,HRCT and Lung-RADS grading were compared with the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve in terms of diagnosis efficacy for pulmonary nodules,and the consistency analysis was carried out.Results No discernible statistical variation was observed in the detection rates of pulmonary nodules between 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT(P>0.05).Lung-RADS grading had the highest rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,and 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT had similar detection rates.The malignant nodule group was different from the benign nodule group in the 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT signs in terms of lesion size,spiculation sign,lobulation sign,calcifica-tion,pleural indentation sign,cavity sign,boundary and bronchial cut-off sign,with the differences being statistically signi-ficant(all P<0.05).For the patients of Lung-RADS grade 3,the 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT signs had significant differences in terms of lesion size,spiculation sign,lobulation sign,calcification,pleural indentation sign,cavity sign and bronchial cut-off sign(all P<0.05).For the patients of Lung-RADS grade 4A,the 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT signs had significant differen-ces in terms of lesion size,calcification,boundary and bronchial cut-off sign(all P<0.05).For the patients of Lung-RADS grade 4B,the 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT signs had significant differences in terms of lesion size and calcification(all P<0.05).For the patients of Lung-RADS grade 4X,there were no significant differences found between the 3T MRI ZTE and HRCT signs(all P>0.05).HRCT had the highest sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,AUC value,predictive values and Kappa value for benign and malignant nodules,3T MRI ZTE had the values slightly lower than those of HRCT,and Lung-RADS grading had the lowest values when compared with HRCT and 3T MRI ZTE.Conclusion HRCT and 3T MRI ZTE are complementary for the evaluation of pulmonary nodules,and the differences in imaging signs between them show graded dependence.3T MRI ZTE and HRCT have no significant differences in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules,while HRCT gains advanta-ges in differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules,and references are provided for the screening and clinical early diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):52-59]

Neuroblastoma(NB),the most common type of extracranial solid tumor in children,is char-acterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis,warranting in-depth investigation.In recent years,mi-croRNAs(miRNAs)have emerged as crucial post-transcriptional regulators playing pivotal roles in tu-morigenesis and progression.Building upon this background,the present study specifically focuses on in-vestigating miR-3910's biological functions and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms in the NB SH-SY5Y cell line.Through bioinformatics analysis and transcriptome sequencing,we identified potential key target molecules of miR-3910,thereby providing genetic targets for the precise diagnosis and effective treatment of NB.In this study,qRT-PCR was employed to measure miR-3910 expression levels in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with mimic negative control and miR-3910 mimic.Compared to the nc group,miR-3910 expression was significantly upregulated in the mimic group(P＜0.01).The CCK-8 assay and scratch wound healing assay were used to quantitatively assess the impact of miR-3910 on cell prolif-eration and migration.Results showed that cell proliferation significantly increased at 48 h(P＜0.05),and migration ability was markedly enhanced at 48 h(P＜0.01).Flow cytometry was applied to deter-mine the effect of miR-3910 on cell cycle progression,revealing accelerated cell cycle progression,a re-duced proportion of G0/G,phase cells(P＜0.01),and a significant increase in S-phase cells(P＜0.05).Integrated bioinformatics analysis and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing predicted key molecular changes in SH-SY5Y cells following miR-3910 overexpression.Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identified six NB-related genes:EIF3CL(EIF3C),RNF103-CHMP3(VPS24),SULT1A4(SULT1A4),CORO7-PAM16(CORO7),H4C12(Histone H4),and TBC1D3(TBC1D3A/B/C)(aliases sourced from the GeneCards database).qRT-PCR and Western blotting(WB)results are consistency with sequencing results(P＜0.01).In conclusion,miR-3910 overexpression significantly promotes SH-SY5Y cell proliferation,migration,and cell cycle progression,while uncovering a series of potential key target molecules.These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of NB and offer a theoretical foundation and potential intervention targets for molecular-targeted therapy in NB.

Aim To investigate whether protein inhibitor of activated STAT3(PIAS3)deficiency exacerbates the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis(As)in female ApoE knockout mice.Methods PIAS3 gene knockout mice with ApoE-/-background(PIAS3-/-/ApoE-/-)and their littermate PIAS3+/+/ApoE-/-mice were bred and fed with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to induce As.Body weight(every week)and plasma lipid levels including to-tal cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(every 4 weeks)of the mice were measured.Oil red O staining,HE staining,immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluores-cence staining were performed on mouse aortic tree and frozen sections of aortic root to evaluate the area,cellular composi-tion and stability of As plaques.Moreover,the expression of estrogen receptor α(ERα)and its co-localization with vas-cular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)in plaques were determined by immunofluorescence staining.Results Compared with PIAS3+/+/ApoE-/-mice,PIAS3-/-/ApoE-/-mice showed no significant differences in body weight,major organ weight(heart,liver,spleen,kidney and epididymal fat)and plasma lipid levels;however,PIAS3 deficiency promoted the forma-tion of As in female PIAS3-/-/ApoE-/-mice.Compared with PIAS3+/+/ApoE-/-mice,PIAS3-/-/ApoE-/-mice showed an increased lipid accumulation and a decreased VSMC content in As plaques(P＜0.05),leading to a decrease in plaque stability.In addition,the expression of ERα in the As plaques of PIAS3-/-/ApoE-/-mice was significantly downregulated(P＜0.05),and there was a obvious co-localization between ERα and VSMC.The reduction of VSMC content in PIAS3-/-/ApoE-/-mouse plaques might lead to a decrease of ERα expression,thereby weakening the anti-As effect of es-trogen.Conclusion PIAS3 deficiency exacerbates the formation of As plaques in female PIAS3-/-/ApoE-/-mice,which might be due to the regulatory effect of PIAS3 on ERα expression in plaques.

Objective:To investigate the effect of low-dose aspirin combined with dydrogesterone in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) complicated with infertility and its influence on hormones and helper T cytokines.Methods:300 PCOS patients with infertility in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were selected from January 2018 to October 2023. A prospective randomized controlled study was performed. The study subjects were divided into control group and observation group by random envelope method, with 150 cases in each group. The control group was treated with dydrogesterone on the basis of routine intervention, while the observation group was combined with low-dose aspirin on the basis of the control group. The efficacy, pregnancy rate, hormones, Th1 and Th2 cytokines and incidence of adverse reactions were compared in between groups. Measurement data with normal distribution was represented by xˉ± s. Comparison between groups was performed by two-sample t-test and paired t-test was used for comparison before and after treatment. Enumeration data was represented by n(%). Comparison between groups was performed by χ2 test. Results:After treatment, the total effective rate of treatment and pregnancy rate in observation group were higher than those in control group [86.00%(129/150) vs. 74.67% (112/150), 63.33% (95/150) vs. 47.33% (71/150)] ( χ2=6.10, P=0.014, χ2=6.73, P=0.010). Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in both groups were lower after treatment than those before treatment, and the levels in observation group were lower than those in control group [(5.27±1.01) U/L vs. (6.40±1.13) U/L, (6.78±0.87) U/L vs. (7.16±0.91) U/L], and serum estradiol level was higher than that before treatment, and the level in observation group was higher compared to control group [(93.35±8.17) ng/L vs. (82.45±9.14) ng/L] ( t=9.13, 3.70, 10.89, all P<0.001). After treatment, serum γ-interferon, interleukin (IL-2), IL-4 and IL-6 levels were all lower in both groups than those before treatment, and the above levels were lower in observation group than those in control group [(56.96±4.64) ng/L vs. (61.36±4.41) ng/L, (38.74±7.43) ng/L vs.(45.63±8.64) ng/L, (41.03±7.06) ng/L vs. (43.36±8.12 ng/L), (23.14±4.33) ng/L vs. (27.14±5.14) ng/L] ( t=8.42, 7.40, 2.65, 7.29, P<0.001, <0.0 010.008, <0.001). There was no statistical significance in the total incidence rate of adverse reactions between observation group and control group [12.67%(22/150) vs. 9.33% (14/150), χ2=0.85, P=0.356]. Conclusions:Low-dose aspirin combined with dydrogesterone has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of PCOS with infertility, and it can improve 3-month pregnancy rate, and effectively regulate hormones levels and Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and it will not increase adverse reactions, with high safety.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the CLAE (cladribine + cytarabine + etoposide) regimen in refractory/relapsed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (R/R T-ALL/LBL) .Methods:Patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL received the CLAE regimen in a prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical study or compassionate use. From March 2019 to August 2024, data from 25 patients (18 in the study across five centers and 7 receiving compassionate treatment in Peking University Third Hospital) were collected. Outcomes included objective response rate, complete response (CR) rate, partial response (PR) rate after 1–2 cycles, bridging to allo-HSCT, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse effects.Results:Median age was 29 years (range, 13–63) ; 17 were male. Among the 24 evaluable patients, CR rate was 33.3% overall and 41.2% among enrolled patients. Median OS and PFS time were 199 (46–1 310) and 49 (28–1 310) days, respectively. Cumulative OS rate at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was (52.1±10.2) %, (29.7±9.3) %, and (27.1±9.1) %, respectively; cumulative PFS rate was (32.6±9.6) %, (24.9±8.9) %, and (23.8±8.7) %, respectively. Among patients achieving CR or PR (8 cases), median OS and PFS were not reached. Cumulative OS rate at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was (86.8±12.0) %, (78.3±14.6) %, and (72.9±15.7) %, respectively, and the cumulative PFS rate was (86.4±12.1) %, (74.8±15.3) %, and (72.9±15.7) %, respectively. Adverse events were mainly hematologic; no treatment-related mortality occurred. Seven patients achieving CR were bridged to allo-HSCT, with 5 remaining in continuous remission.Conclusion:The CLAE regimen is safe and effective for R/R T-ALL/LBL, facilitating CR as a bridge to allo-HSCT and potentially improving patient prognosis.