DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE, SUBSTANCE USE TRENDS AND ASSOCIATED PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS AMONG VETERANS WITH MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY OF US VETERANS Background: Amphetamine and other substances induced psychotic disorder and associated suicidal risk among hospitalized US veterans is not clear. Aims: To understand the demographic profile, substance use trends, psychotic disorders and suicide attempts in veterans hospitalized with acute Mental Health Conditions (MHC). Methods: Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure Database (ICD) and codes were used to identify veterans hospitalized with MHC diagnosis between 1999 and 2022. Laboratory records used to determine types of substances used hospitalization frequency, all-cause mortality, suicide attempts and suicide outcomes. SAS was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among veterans with MHC, psychosis, manic-bipolar and PTSD were common diagnosis. Psychosis was comparatively less among males above 50 years of age, but prevalent among Hispanics. In general, substances use was significantly higher, and amphetamines were most used, followed by cannabis codeine, morphine, cocaine, barbiturates, fentanyl, and PCP among veterans with MHC. Amphetamine induced psychotic disorder persisted in 22.28% and other substance induced psychotic disorder persisted in 77.72% of veterans hospitalized with MHC. Psychosis was associated with higher rates of hospitalization, suicide attempts, and suicide death. Conclusions: Among US Veterans with MHC, amphetamine was most used substance associated with higher rates of psychotic disorders, hospitalization, suicide attempts, and death. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 25 (7) July, 2024; 1-11.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 2,860 admissions was performed over 1 year in a tertiary care orthopedic hospital. All unscheduled readmissions following spine surgery within 90 days of discharge were included, irrespective of type or location of surgery. Polytrauma, primary osseous infections, and planned readmissions were excluded. Results: Our readmission rate was 3.32% (95/2,860). Leading readmission causes were surgical site infections (SSIs) accounting for 44.21% (n=42; superficial, 23; deep, 11; organ and space, 8), followed by aseptic pain 31.58% (n=30) and medical causes 13.68% (n=13). Though 86.95% of superficial SSIs occurred within 30 days, 21.1% of deep SSIs occurred beyond 30 days. During the 30–90-day interval, 33.68% of readmissions occurred. The financial burden amounted to 41,93,660 Indian Rupees, and the mean bed-days lost was 7.33 per readmission. Hospital stay ≥10 days, health insurance, and comorbid illnesses (diabetes, hypertension, and liver disease) were associated with readmissions (p<0.05). Conclusions Our study showed that SSIs and aseptic pain were the leading causes of readmissions at 90 days after spine surgery. Limiting the analysis to 30-day readmissions as in previous studies would lead to failure in the identification of more severe complications like deep SSIs. Continued vigilance, particularly for patients with predisposing factors, could help alleviate the financial burden.

Acquired bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis in adults due to lung malignancy is infrequently reported. We describe an adult male who presented to us with chief complaints of dyspnea on exertion and one episode of hemoptysis. Two dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with color Doppler showed presence of an extra cardiac mass causing severe extrinsic compression of both the right and left pulmonary artery leading to high pressure severe tricuspid regurgitation and extension of the mass into the left atrium. Three dimensional transthoracic echocardiography clearly delineated the anatomy of the left atrial mass and its surrounding anatomical relationship. The diagnosis of non small cell lung carcinoma was confirmed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and with MDCT guided biopsy with histopathology. Patient succumbed one month later due to an episode of massive hemoptysis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Heart Atria ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung* ; Male ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

AIMTo evaluate the effect of an ethanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium fruits on spermatogenesis in albino rats.

METHODSMale albino rats were fed with a 50 % ethanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium fruit at 100 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), 200 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) and 300 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) for 60 days. Fertility test was performed after 60 days of treatment. Sperm motility and density were observed in the cauda epididymis. Biochemical and histological analyses of the blood and reproductive organs were done. Recovery of fertility was followed to evaluate the reversibility of drug action.

RESULTSS. anacardium fruit extract administration resulted in spermatogenic arrest in albino rats. The sperm motility and density was reduced significantly. The RBC and WBC counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit, blood sugar and urea were found to be within the normal range in the whole blood. The protein, cholesterol and glycogen in the testes and the fructose in the seminal vesicle were significantly decreased after the treatment. The fruit extract feeding caused marked reduction in the number of primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The number of mature Leydig cells was also decreased and degenerating cells increased proportionately.

CONCLUSIONS. anacardium fruit extract causes spermatogenic arrest in albino rats.

Animals ; Cell Count ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Leydig Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Semecarpus ; chemistry ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testis ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism