AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS) progresses rapidly with early mucosal and systemic involvement. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial as they significantly impact the outcome. This is a case of disseminated cutaneous and gastrointestinal KS in a 24-year-old Filipino male living with HIV, presenting with hyperpigmented violaceous subcutaneous nodules, odynophagia, progressive dysphagia, and symptomatic anemia. Capsule endoscopy demonstrated utility in diagnosing gastrointestinal KS lesions, highlighting its crucial role when conventional upper endoscopy was challenging due to oropharyngeal involvement. Diagnostic limitations, mainly the unavailability of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) immunohistochemical stain, were addressed through high clinical suspicion. Multidisciplinary approach including chemotherapy with liposomal doxorubicin, radiotherapy, and supportive care eventually yielded good clinical response. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, timely intervention, and long-term surveillance in achieving favorable outcomes for patients with KS despite some diagnostic limitations.
Human ; Sarcoma, Kaposi, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Liposomal Doxorubicin

Introduction: Ruptured mycotic aortic aneurysm is a rare and life-threatening condition. An early and proper initiation of antibiotics aside from aneurysmal repair is of paramount importance. The typhidot IgG and IgM may help with this dilemma, especially when the blood culture is negative and during the waiting period for the the aortic sample result. Case: A 47-year-old male Filipino with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with severe back pain for one month and intermittent fever for three weeks. Complete blood count showed anemia and leukocytosis with predominance of neutrophils. On computed tomography of the aorta, a segmental calcification and wall discontinuity in the right posterolateral wall of the infrarenal abdominal aorta with heterogenous collection of blood in the retroperitoneal region was seen and aortic rupture secondary to mycotic aneurysm was considered. He underwent emergency abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with debridement, antibiotic lavage, aortoiliac grafting, anastomosis and omental packing. The typhidot IgG and IgM test was positive and was given ceftriaxone 2gm/IV every 24 hours for six weeks. Blood cultures did not reveal significant growth of any pathogen. The aortic wall culture showed heavy growth for salmonella species sensitive to ceftriaxone, confirming and guiding the management. He was then discharged improved. Conclusion A mycotic aneurysm secondary to salmonella should be one of the considerations in an adult male diabetic presenting with prolonged fever, abdominal and back pain with or without a tender pulsatile mass. The Typhidot test is an easy and affordable test that allows rapid detection of salmonella infection. Early surgical intervention and antibiotics are the treatment of choice
Aneurysm, Infected ; Salmonella